From a0a0fd6b3586529ddf4418f78ec7887ccf709dba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: dreamwasp <cass.spain@skillsoft.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2026 17:30:00 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 01/10] beta: vanilaa 19'

---
 package.json                                  |  24 +-
 packages/gamut-icons/package.json             |   2 +-
 packages/gamut-illustrations/package.json     |   4 +-
 packages/gamut-patterns/package.json          |   4 +-
 packages/gamut-styles/package.json            |   4 +-
 .../src/__tests__/AssetProvider.test.tsx      |  60 +++-
 .../src/__tests__/fontLoading.test.tsx        |  41 ++-
 .../src/__tests__/fontUtilsMock.ts            |   1 +
 packages/gamut-styles/src/variance/utils.ts   |   7 +-
 packages/gamut-tests/package.json             |   2 +-
 packages/gamut-tests/src/index.tsx            |   2 +-
 packages/gamut/package.json                   |   6 +-
 packages/gamut/src/Button/shared/types.ts     |   2 +-
 packages/gamut/src/Card/styles.tsx            |  16 +-
 packages/gamut/src/Coachmark/index.tsx        |   2 +-
 .../gamut/src/ConnectedForm/ConnectedForm.tsx |   8 +-
 packages/gamut/src/ConnectedForm/utils.tsx    |   2 +-
 packages/gamut/src/FeatureShimmer/index.tsx   |   6 +-
 .../Form/SelectDropdown/SelectDropdown.tsx    |  10 +-
 packages/gamut/src/GridForm/GridForm.tsx      |   2 +-
 packages/gamut/src/Pagination/utils.tsx       |  19 +-
 packages/gamut/src/Popover/types.tsx          |   4 +-
 packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/hooks.ts  |   4 +-
 packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/types.ts  |   2 +-
 packages/gamut/src/Tip/__tests__/helpers.tsx  |   2 +-
 packages/gamut/src/Tip/shared/FloatingTip.tsx |   4 +-
 packages/gamut/src/Tip/shared/types.tsx       |   4 +-
 packages/gamut/src/utils/react.ts             |   3 +-
 .../integration/__tests__/component.test.tsx  |  24 +-
 yarn.lock                                     | 317 ++++++------------
 30 files changed, 277 insertions(+), 311 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 packages/gamut-styles/src/__tests__/fontUtilsMock.ts

diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 6fe9d7a80b2..48253f8864c 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
     "@vidstack/react": "^1.12.12",
     "core-js": "3.7.0",
     "lodash": "^4.17.23",
-    "react": "18.3.1",
-    "react-dom": "18.3.1",
+    "react": "^19.0.0",
+    "react-dom": "^19.0.0",
     "react-helmet-async": "^2.0.5"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
@@ -44,18 +44,18 @@
     "@storybook/react-webpack5": "^8.6.15",
     "@storybook/theming": "^8.6.15",
     "@svgr/cli": "5.5.0",
-    "@testing-library/dom": "^8.11.1",
+    "@testing-library/dom": "^10.0.0",
     "@testing-library/jest-dom": "^5.16.1",
-    "@testing-library/react": "15.0.6",
+    "@testing-library/react": "^16.0.0",
     "@testing-library/react-hooks": "^7.0.2",
     "@testing-library/user-event": "^14.5.2",
     "@types/classnames": "2.2.10",
     "@types/invariant": "2.2.29",
     "@types/konami-code-js": "^0.8.0",
     "@types/lodash": "4.17.23",
-    "@types/react": "18.3.27",
-    "@types/react-dom": "18.3.1",
-    "@types/react-test-renderer": "18.3.0",
+    "@types/react": "^19.0.0",
+    "@types/react-dom": "^19.0.0",
+    "@types/react-test-renderer": "^19.0.0",
     "@types/stylis": "^4.2.0",
     "@typescript-eslint/eslint-plugin": "^5.15.0",
     "@typescript-eslint/parser": "^5.15.0",
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@
     "nx-cloud": "^19.1.0",
     "onchange": "^7.0.2",
     "prettier": "^2.8.7",
-    "react-test-renderer": "18.3.1",
+    "react-test-renderer": "^19.0.0",
     "storybook": "^8.6.15",
     "storybook-addon-deep-controls": "^0.9.5",
     "style-loader": "^4.0.0",
@@ -115,10 +115,10 @@
   "resolutions": {
     "@react-aria/interactions": "3.25.0",
     "@typescript-eslint/utils": "^5.15.0",
-    "@types/react": "18.3.27",
-    "@types/react-dom": "18.3.1",
-    "react": "18.3.1",
-    "react-dom": "18.3.1",
+    "@types/react": "^19.0.0",
+    "@types/react-dom": "^19.0.0",
+    "react": "^19.0.0",
+    "react-dom": "^19.0.0",
     "error-ex": "1.3.4"
   },
   "scripts": {
diff --git a/packages/gamut-icons/package.json b/packages/gamut-icons/package.json
index 79e375de093..a1d5a9e7839 100644
--- a/packages/gamut-icons/package.json
+++ b/packages/gamut-icons/package.json
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
     "@emotion/react": "^11.4.0",
     "@emotion/styled": "^11.3.0",
     "lodash": "^4.17.23",
-    "react": "^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0"
+    "react": "^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0 || ^19.0.0"
   },
   "publishConfig": {
     "access": "public"
diff --git a/packages/gamut-illustrations/package.json b/packages/gamut-illustrations/package.json
index 39360d522a2..18daa3e52c4 100644
--- a/packages/gamut-illustrations/package.json
+++ b/packages/gamut-illustrations/package.json
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
   "peerDependencies": {
     "@emotion/react": "^11.4.0",
     "@emotion/styled": "^11.3.0",
-    "react": "^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0",
-    "react-dom": "^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0"
+    "react": "^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0 || ^19.0.0",
+    "react-dom": "^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0 || ^19.0.0"
   },
   "publishConfig": {
     "access": "public"
diff --git a/packages/gamut-patterns/package.json b/packages/gamut-patterns/package.json
index 7d142f5fdb5..8ea6df449b7 100644
--- a/packages/gamut-patterns/package.json
+++ b/packages/gamut-patterns/package.json
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@
   "peerDependencies": {
     "@emotion/react": "^11.4.0",
     "@emotion/styled": "^11.3.0",
-    "react": "^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0",
-    "react-dom": "^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0"
+    "react": "^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0 || ^19.0.0",
+    "react-dom": "^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0 || ^19.0.0"
   },
   "publishConfig": {
     "access": "public"
diff --git a/packages/gamut-styles/package.json b/packages/gamut-styles/package.json
index 2d70876244f..880d55e2c19 100644
--- a/packages/gamut-styles/package.json
+++ b/packages/gamut-styles/package.json
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
   "dependencies": {
     "@codecademy/variance": "0.26.0",
     "@emotion/is-prop-valid": "^1.1.0",
-    "framer-motion": "^11.18.0",
+    "framer-motion": "^12.0.0",
     "get-nonce": "^1.0.0",
     "polished": "^4.1.2"
   },
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
     "@emotion/react": "^11.4.0",
     "@emotion/styled": "^11.3.0",
     "lodash": "^4.17.23",
-    "react": "^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0",
+    "react": "^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0 || ^19.0.0",
     "stylis": "^4.0.7"
   },
   "publishConfig": {
diff --git a/packages/gamut-styles/src/__tests__/AssetProvider.test.tsx b/packages/gamut-styles/src/__tests__/AssetProvider.test.tsx
index 8588c23304d..a6cd30eb764 100644
--- a/packages/gamut-styles/src/__tests__/AssetProvider.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut-styles/src/__tests__/AssetProvider.test.tsx
@@ -5,11 +5,12 @@ import { render } from '@testing-library/react';
 
 import { AssetProvider, createFontLinks } from '../AssetProvider';
 import { coreTheme, percipioTheme } from '../themes';
+import { getFontsMock } from './fontUtilsMock';
 
 const renderView = setupRtl(AssetProvider, {});
 
 jest.mock('../utils/fontUtils', () => ({
-  getFonts: jest.fn(),
+  getFonts: require('./fontUtilsMock').getFontsMock,
 }));
 
 jest.mock('../remoteAssets/fonts', () => ({
@@ -43,11 +44,36 @@ jest.mock('../remoteAssets/fonts', () => ({
   },
 }));
 
-const mockGetFonts = require('../utils/fontUtils').getFonts;
+const mockGetFonts = getFontsMock;
+
+function getPreloadLinks(container: HTMLElement): NodeListOf<Element> {
+  const inContainer = container.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"]');
+  if (inContainer.length > 0) return inContainer;
+  return document.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"]');
+}
+
+const defaultFonts = [
+  {
+    filePath: 'https://www.codecademy.com/gamut/apercu-regular-pro',
+    extensions: ['woff2', 'woff'],
+    name: 'Apercu',
+  },
+  {
+    filePath: 'https://www.codecademy.com/gamut/apercu-bold-pro',
+    extensions: ['woff2', 'woff'],
+    name: 'Apercu',
+    weight: 'bold',
+  },
+];
 
 describe('AssetProvider', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     jest.clearAllMocks();
+    mockGetFonts.mockReturnValue(defaultFonts);
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    mockGetFonts.mockReturnValue(defaultFonts);
   });
 
   describe('createFontLinks', () => {
@@ -66,7 +92,7 @@ describe('AssetProvider', () => {
       ];
 
       const { container } = render(<>{createFontLinks(fonts)}</>);
-      const links = container.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"]');
+      const links = getPreloadLinks(container);
 
       expect(links).toHaveLength(1);
       expect(links[0]).toHaveAttribute(
@@ -80,13 +106,13 @@ describe('AssetProvider', () => {
 
     it('should handle empty fonts array', () => {
       const { container } = render(<>{createFontLinks([])}</>);
-      const links = container.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"]');
+      const links = getPreloadLinks(container);
       expect(links).toHaveLength(0);
     });
 
     it('should handle undefined fonts parameter', () => {
       const { container } = render(<>{createFontLinks(undefined)}</>);
-      const links = container.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"]');
+      const links = getPreloadLinks(container);
       expect(links).toHaveLength(2);
     });
 
@@ -110,7 +136,7 @@ describe('AssetProvider', () => {
       ];
 
       const { container } = render(<>{createFontLinks(fonts)}</>);
-      const links = container.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"]');
+      const links = getPreloadLinks(container);
       expect(links).toHaveLength(1);
       expect(links[0]).toHaveAttribute(
         'href',
@@ -139,7 +165,7 @@ describe('AssetProvider', () => {
       ];
 
       const { container } = render(<>{createFontLinks(fonts)}</>);
-      const links = container.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"]');
+      const links = getPreloadLinks(container);
       expect(links).toHaveLength(2);
     });
   });
@@ -155,14 +181,14 @@ describe('AssetProvider', () => {
       ]);
 
       const { view } = renderView();
-      const links = view.container.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"]');
+      const links = getPreloadLinks(view.container);
 
+      expect(mockGetFonts).toHaveBeenCalledWith('core');
       expect(links).toHaveLength(1);
       expect(links[0]).toHaveAttribute(
         'href',
         'https://www.codecademy.com/gamut/apercu-regular-pro.woff2'
       );
-      expect(mockGetFonts).toHaveBeenCalledWith('core');
     });
 
     it('should render font links for percipio theme', () => {
@@ -175,7 +201,7 @@ describe('AssetProvider', () => {
       ]);
 
       const { view } = renderView({ theme: percipioTheme as any });
-      const links = view.container.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"]');
+      const links = getPreloadLinks(view.container);
 
       expect(links).toHaveLength(1);
       expect(links[0]).toHaveAttribute(
@@ -207,7 +233,7 @@ describe('AssetProvider', () => {
       });
 
       const { view } = renderView();
-      const links = view.container.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"]');
+      const links = getPreloadLinks(view.container);
       expect(links).toHaveLength(0);
     });
 
@@ -215,7 +241,7 @@ describe('AssetProvider', () => {
       mockGetFonts.mockReturnValue(undefined);
 
       const { view } = renderView();
-      const links = view.container.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"]');
+      const links = getPreloadLinks(view.container);
       expect(links).toHaveLength(2);
     });
 
@@ -223,7 +249,7 @@ describe('AssetProvider', () => {
       mockGetFonts.mockReturnValue(null);
 
       const { view } = renderView();
-      const links = view.container.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"]');
+      const links = getPreloadLinks(view.container);
       expect(links).toHaveLength(2);
     });
 
@@ -231,7 +257,7 @@ describe('AssetProvider', () => {
       mockGetFonts.mockReturnValue('not-an-array');
 
       const { view } = renderView();
-      const links = view.container.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"]');
+      const links = getPreloadLinks(view.container);
       expect(links).toHaveLength(0);
     });
 
@@ -255,7 +281,7 @@ describe('AssetProvider', () => {
       ]);
 
       const { view } = renderView();
-      const links = view.container.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"]');
+      const links = getPreloadLinks(view.container);
 
       expect(links).toHaveLength(3);
       expect(links[0]).toHaveAttribute(
@@ -292,7 +318,7 @@ describe('AssetProvider', () => {
       ]);
 
       const { view } = renderView();
-      const links = view.container.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"]');
+      const links = getPreloadLinks(view.container);
 
       expect(links).toHaveLength(1);
       expect(links[0]).toHaveAttribute(
@@ -321,7 +347,7 @@ describe('AssetProvider', () => {
       ]);
 
       const { view } = renderView();
-      const links = view.container.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"]');
+      const links = getPreloadLinks(view.container);
 
       expect(links).toHaveLength(1);
       expect(links[0]).toHaveAttribute(
diff --git a/packages/gamut-styles/src/__tests__/fontLoading.test.tsx b/packages/gamut-styles/src/__tests__/fontLoading.test.tsx
index 6a46a50c3ab..c5cbdabed2c 100644
--- a/packages/gamut-styles/src/__tests__/fontLoading.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut-styles/src/__tests__/fontLoading.test.tsx
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ import { render } from '@testing-library/react';
 
 import { AssetProvider } from '../AssetProvider';
 import { coreTheme, percipioTheme } from '../themes';
+import { getFontsMock } from './fontUtilsMock';
 
-// Type assertion to satisfy Theme interface in GamutProvider from theme.d.ts - this lib is typed to the CoreTheme interface
 const typedPercipioTheme = percipioTheme as any;
 
 jest.mock('../utils/fontUtils', () => ({
-  getFonts: jest.fn(),
+  getFonts: require('./fontUtilsMock').getFontsMock,
 }));
 
 jest.mock('../remoteAssets/fonts', () => ({
@@ -29,7 +29,13 @@ jest.mock('../remoteAssets/fonts', () => ({
   },
 }));
 
-const mockGetFonts = require('../utils/fontUtils').getFonts;
+const mockGetFonts = getFontsMock;
+
+function getPreloadLinks(container: HTMLElement): NodeListOf<Element> {
+  const inContainer = container.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"]');
+  if (inContainer.length > 0) return inContainer;
+  return document.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"]');
+}
 
 const mockDocumentFonts = {
   load: jest.fn(),
@@ -47,14 +53,27 @@ Object.defineProperty(document, 'fonts', {
 const mockFetch = jest.fn();
 global.fetch = mockFetch;
 
+const defaultFonts = [
+  {
+    filePath: 'https://www.codecademy.com/gamut/apercu-regular-pro',
+    extensions: ['woff2', 'woff'],
+    name: 'Apercu',
+  },
+];
+
 describe('Font Loading and Error Handling', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     jest.clearAllMocks();
+    mockGetFonts.mockReturnValue(defaultFonts);
     mockDocumentFonts.load.mockClear();
     mockDocumentFonts.check.mockClear();
     mockFetch.mockClear();
   });
 
+  afterEach(() => {
+    mockGetFonts.mockReturnValue(defaultFonts);
+  });
+
   describe('Font Preloading', () => {
     it('should create preload links for fonts', () => {
       mockGetFonts.mockReturnValue([
@@ -67,7 +86,7 @@ describe('Font Loading and Error Handling', () => {
 
       const { container } = render(<AssetProvider theme={coreTheme} />);
 
-      const links = container.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"]');
+      const links = getPreloadLinks(container);
       expect(links).toHaveLength(1);
       expect(links[0]).toHaveAttribute(
         'href',
@@ -93,7 +112,7 @@ describe('Font Loading and Error Handling', () => {
 
       const { container } = render(<AssetProvider theme={coreTheme} />);
 
-      const links = container.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"]');
+      const links = getPreloadLinks(container);
       expect(links).toHaveLength(2);
       expect(links[0]).toHaveAttribute(
         'href',
@@ -114,8 +133,7 @@ describe('Font Loading and Error Handling', () => {
 
       const { container } = render(<AssetProvider theme={coreTheme} />);
 
-      // Should not render any links when getFonts fails
-      const links = container.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"]');
+      const links = getPreloadLinks(container);
       expect(links).toHaveLength(0);
     });
 
@@ -141,7 +159,7 @@ describe('Font Loading and Error Handling', () => {
 
       const { container } = render(<AssetProvider theme={coreTheme} />);
 
-      const links = container.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"]');
+      const links = getPreloadLinks(container);
       expect(links).toHaveLength(2);
     });
   });
@@ -163,8 +181,7 @@ describe('Font Loading and Error Handling', () => {
 
       const { container } = render(<AssetProvider theme={coreTheme} />);
 
-      // Should render preload links for all fonts
-      const links = container.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"]');
+      const links = getPreloadLinks(container);
       expect(links).toHaveLength(2);
       expect(links[0]).toHaveAttribute(
         'href',
@@ -195,7 +212,7 @@ describe('Font Loading and Error Handling', () => {
 
       const { container } = render(<AssetProvider theme={coreTheme} />);
 
-      const links = container.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"]');
+      const links = getPreloadLinks(container);
       expect(links).toHaveLength(1);
 
       Object.defineProperty(document, 'fonts', {
@@ -218,7 +235,7 @@ describe('Font Loading and Error Handling', () => {
 
       const { container } = render(<AssetProvider theme={coreTheme} />);
 
-      const links = container.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"]');
+      const links = getPreloadLinks(container);
       expect(links).toHaveLength(1);
 
       global.fetch = originalFetch;
diff --git a/packages/gamut-styles/src/__tests__/fontUtilsMock.ts b/packages/gamut-styles/src/__tests__/fontUtilsMock.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..22501405fc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/gamut-styles/src/__tests__/fontUtilsMock.ts
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export const getFontsMock = jest.fn();
diff --git a/packages/gamut-styles/src/variance/utils.ts b/packages/gamut-styles/src/variance/utils.ts
index a88b1bfb116..01a1630c1bf 100644
--- a/packages/gamut-styles/src/variance/utils.ts
+++ b/packages/gamut-styles/src/variance/utils.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import type React from 'react';
 import { ThemeProps } from '@codecademy/variance';
 import isPropValid from '@emotion/is-prop-valid';
 
@@ -17,10 +18,10 @@ const validPropnames = allPropnames.filter(isPropValid);
 
 export type SystemPropNames = (typeof allPropnames)[number];
 
-export type ElementOrProps = keyof JSX.IntrinsicElements | ThemeProps;
+export type ElementOrProps = keyof React.JSX.IntrinsicElements | ThemeProps;
 export type ForwardableProps<El extends ElementOrProps, Additional> = Exclude<
-  El extends keyof JSX.IntrinsicElements
-    ? keyof JSX.IntrinsicElements[El]
+  El extends keyof React.JSX.IntrinsicElements
+    ? keyof React.JSX.IntrinsicElements[El]
     : keyof Element,
   Additional | SystemPropNames
 >;
diff --git a/packages/gamut-tests/package.json b/packages/gamut-tests/package.json
index 5b67b691ee7..b6e580a224f 100644
--- a/packages/gamut-tests/package.json
+++ b/packages/gamut-tests/package.json
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
   "main": "dist/index.js",
   "module": "dist/index.js",
   "peerDependencies": {
-    "react": "^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0"
+    "react": "^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0 || ^19.0.0"
   },
   "publishConfig": {
     "access": "public"
diff --git a/packages/gamut-tests/src/index.tsx b/packages/gamut-tests/src/index.tsx
index 700132e1cd4..ff5d61022f6 100644
--- a/packages/gamut-tests/src/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut-tests/src/index.tsx
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ export const MockGamutProvider: React.FC<{
   );
 };
 
-function withMockGamutProvider<Props extends JSX.IntrinsicAttributes>(
+function withMockGamutProvider<Props extends React.JSX.IntrinsicAttributes>(
   WrappedComponent: React.ComponentType<Props>
 ) {
   const WithBoundaryComponent: React.FC<Props> = (props) => (
diff --git a/packages/gamut/package.json b/packages/gamut/package.json
index dc5dac782de..1dc19f8418e 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/package.json
+++ b/packages/gamut/package.json
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
     "@types/marked": "^4.0.8",
     "@vidstack/react": "^1.12.12",
     "classnames": "^2.2.5",
-    "framer-motion": "^11.18.0",
+    "framer-motion": "^12.0.0",
     "html-to-react": "^1.6.0",
     "invariant": "^2.2.4",
     "lodash": "^4.17.23",
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@
   "peerDependencies": {
     "@emotion/react": "^11.4.0",
     "@emotion/styled": "^11.3.0",
-    "react": "^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0",
-    "react-dom": "^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0"
+    "react": "^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0 || ^19.0.0",
+    "react-dom": "^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0 || ^19.0.0"
   },
   "publishConfig": {
     "access": "public"
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Button/shared/types.ts b/packages/gamut/src/Button/shared/types.ts
index 02c84d4e278..053ccd9615b 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Button/shared/types.ts
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Button/shared/types.ts
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ export type ButtonProps = ButtonBaseProps & ComponentProps<typeof ButtonBase>;
 
 export type InlineIconButtonProps<
   BaseButtonType extends
-    | keyof JSX.IntrinsicElements
+    | keyof React.JSX.IntrinsicElements
     | React.JSXElementConstructor<any>
 > = ComponentProps<BaseButtonType> &
   Partial<IconComponentType> & {
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Card/styles.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Card/styles.tsx
index 1a080095ea7..aa64aab6a30 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Card/styles.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Card/styles.tsx
@@ -49,14 +49,14 @@ export const patternFadeInOut = {
     opacity: 1,
     transition: {
       duration: timingValues.medium / 1000,
-      ease: 'easeOut',
+      ease: 'easeOut' as const,
     },
   },
   animate: {
     opacity: 0,
     transition: {
       duration: timingValues.medium / 1000,
-      ease: 'easeIn',
+      ease: 'easeIn' as const,
     },
   },
 };
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ export const hoverShadowLeft = (borderRadius?: string) => ({
     borderRadius,
     transition: {
       duration: timingValues.fast / 1000,
-      ease: 'easeOut',
+      ease: 'easeOut' as const,
     },
   },
   initialOutline: {
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ export const hoverShadowLeft = (borderRadius?: string) => ({
     borderRadius,
     transition: {
       duration: timingValues.fast / 1000,
-      ease: 'easeOut',
+      ease: 'easeOut' as const,
     },
   },
   animate: {
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ export const hoverShadowLeft = (borderRadius?: string) => ({
     borderRadius,
     transition: {
       duration: timingValues.fast / 1000,
-      ease: 'easeIn',
+      ease: 'easeIn' as const,
     },
   },
   animateOutline: {
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ export const hoverShadowLeft = (borderRadius?: string) => ({
     borderRadius,
     transition: {
       duration: timingValues.fast / 1000,
-      ease: 'easeIn',
+      ease: 'easeIn' as const,
     },
   },
 });
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ export const hoverShadowRight = (borderRadius?: string) => ({
     borderRadius,
     transition: {
       duration: timingValues.fast / 1000,
-      ease: 'easeOut',
+      ease: 'easeOut' as const,
     },
   },
   animate: {
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ export const hoverShadowRight = (borderRadius?: string) => ({
     borderRadius,
     transition: {
       duration: timingValues.fast / 1000,
-      ease: 'easeIn',
+      ease: 'easeIn' as const,
     },
   },
 });
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Coachmark/index.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Coachmark/index.tsx
index a4316f6fde3..999c3c0a119 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Coachmark/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Coachmark/index.tsx
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ export type CoachmarkProps = PopoverFocusProps & {
   /**
    * Function that returns the contents of the coachmark.
    */
-  renderPopover: (onDismiss?: () => void) => JSX.Element;
+  renderPopover: (onDismiss?: () => void) => React.JSX.Element;
   /**
    * Props to be passed into the popover component.
    */
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/ConnectedForm/ConnectedForm.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/ConnectedForm/ConnectedForm.tsx
index 95575145d48..1525284e29b 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/ConnectedForm/ConnectedForm.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/ConnectedForm/ConnectedForm.tsx
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ export const ConnectedForm = forwardRef(
       </PropsProvider>
     );
   }
-) as <Values extends FormValues<Values>>(
-  props: ConnectedFormProps<Values>,
-  ref: React.ForwardedRef<HTMLFormElement>
-) => React.ReactElement;
+) as React.ForwardRefExoticComponent<
+  ConnectedFormProps<FormValues<Record<string, unknown>>> &
+    React.RefAttributes<HTMLFormElement>
+>;
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/ConnectedForm/utils.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/ConnectedForm/utils.tsx
index 95560991c7f..caf917c27ff 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/ConnectedForm/utils.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/ConnectedForm/utils.tsx
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ export const useConnectedForm = <
     () => ({
       ConnectedFormGroup:
         ConnectedFormGroup as ConnectedGroupStrictProps<Values>,
-      ConnectedForm: ConnectedForm as ConnectedFormStrictProps<
+      ConnectedForm: ConnectedForm as unknown as ConnectedFormStrictProps<
         Values,
         ValidationRules
       >,
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/FeatureShimmer/index.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/FeatureShimmer/index.tsx
index 78218b1ceca..21b2ad849c7 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/FeatureShimmer/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/FeatureShimmer/index.tsx
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ const boxVariants = {
     backgroundColor: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)',
     borderColor: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)',
     transition: {
-      ease: 'easeOut',
+      ease: 'easeOut' as const,
       duration: 0.3,
       delay: 4,
     },
@@ -37,12 +37,12 @@ const shimmerVariants = {
     backgroundColor: 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)',
     transition: {
       left: {
-        ease: 'easeInOut',
+        ease: 'easeInOut' as const,
         duration: 2,
         delay: 2,
       },
       backgroundColor: {
-        ease: 'easeOut',
+        ease: 'easeOut' as const,
         duration: 1,
         delay: 4,
       },
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Form/SelectDropdown/SelectDropdown.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Form/SelectDropdown/SelectDropdown.tsx
index f31839eaa46..553d243604a 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Form/SelectDropdown/SelectDropdown.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Form/SelectDropdown/SelectDropdown.tsx
@@ -273,7 +273,9 @@ export const SelectDropdown: React.FC<SelectDropdownProps> = ({
         inputWidth={inputWidth}
         isDisabled={disabled}
         isMulti={multiple}
-        isOptionDisabled={(option) => option.disabled}
+        isOptionDisabled={(option: OptionStrict & { disabled?: boolean }) =>
+          option.disabled
+        }
         isSearchable={isSearchable}
         menuAlignment={menuAlignment}
         name={name}
@@ -285,7 +287,11 @@ export const SelectDropdown: React.FC<SelectDropdownProps> = ({
         styles={memoizedStyles}
         value={multiple ? multiValues : parsedValue}
         onChange={changeHandler}
-        onKeyDown={multiple ? (e) => keyPressHandler(e) : undefined}
+        onKeyDown={
+          multiple
+            ? (e: React.KeyboardEvent<HTMLDivElement>) => keyPressHandler(e)
+            : undefined
+        }
         {...rest}
       />
     </SelectDropdownContext.Provider>
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/GridForm/GridForm.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/GridForm/GridForm.tsx
index 001e2ace889..d1d74d6df17 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/GridForm/GridForm.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/GridForm/GridForm.tsx
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ export function GridForm<Values extends FormValues<Values>>({
   const showRequiredText = hideRequiredText ? false : !hasComputedSoloField;
 
   return (
-    <ConnectedForm<Values>
+    <ConnectedForm
       defaultValues={defaultValues as DefaultValues<Values>}
       display="flex"
       flexDirection="column"
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Pagination/utils.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Pagination/utils.tsx
index 930c3e9cdbe..8f16cbf92ae 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Pagination/utils.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Pagination/utils.tsx
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { timingValues } from '@codecademy/gamut-styles';
 import { AnimatePresence, motion } from 'framer-motion';
 import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
 import * as React from 'react';
@@ -5,6 +6,8 @@ import * as React from 'react';
 import { BaseEllipsisButton } from './EllipsisButton';
 import { PaginationButton } from './PaginationButton';
 
+const FADE_DURATION_SECONDS = timingValues.base / 1000;
+
 type PaginationUtils = {
   chapterSize: number;
   currentPage: number;
@@ -76,7 +79,7 @@ export const wrapWithSlideAnimation = (
                 ? 'shown'
                 : 'hidden'
             }
-            transition={{ duration: 0.3 }}
+            transition={{ duration: FADE_DURATION_SECONDS }}
             variants={slideAnimationVariants}
           >
             <WrappedComponent {...props} />
@@ -98,6 +101,13 @@ const fadeAnimationVariants = {
   },
 };
 
+const fadeTransition = {
+  duration: FADE_DURATION_SECONDS,
+  ease: 'easeOut' as const,
+  transitionStart: { visibility: 'visible' as const },
+  transitionEnd: { visibility: 'hidden' as const },
+};
+
 export const createAnimatedFadeButton = (
   WrappedComponent: typeof PaginationButton
 ) => {
@@ -110,12 +120,7 @@ export const createAnimatedFadeButton = (
       }
       disabled={props.showButton === 'hidden'}
       initial={false}
-      transition={{
-        transitionStart: { visibility: 'visible' },
-        duration: 0.3,
-        ease: [0.04, 0.62, 0.23, 0.98],
-        transitionEnd: { visibility: 'hidden' },
-      }}
+      transition={fadeTransition}
       variants={fadeAnimationVariants}
       {...props}
     />
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Popover/types.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Popover/types.tsx
index b85d4d4595c..562361bcc52 100755
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Popover/types.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Popover/types.tsx
@@ -99,14 +99,14 @@ export type PopoverProps = PopoverBaseProps &
      * The target element around which the popover will be positioned.
      */
     targetRef: React.RefObject<
-      Pick<HTMLDivElement, 'getBoundingClientRect' | 'contains'>
+      Pick<HTMLDivElement, 'getBoundingClientRect' | 'contains'> | null
     >;
 
     /**
      * The PopoverContainer which contents will be rendered into.
      */
     popoverContainerRef?:
-      | React.RefObject<HTMLDivElement>
+      | React.RefObject<HTMLDivElement | null>
       | React.RefCallback<HTMLDivElement>;
 
     /**
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/hooks.ts b/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/hooks.ts
index 295591da7cd..16599224b93 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/hooks.ts
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/hooks.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import { findAllAdditionalScrollingParents, findResizingParent } from './utils';
 
 export const useScrollingParentsEffect = (
   targetRef: React.RefObject<
-    Pick<HTMLDivElement, 'getBoundingClientRect' | 'contains'>
+    Pick<HTMLDivElement, 'getBoundingClientRect' | 'contains'> | null
   >,
   setTargetRect: (rect: DOMRect | undefined) => void
 ) => {
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ export const useScrollingParentsEffect = (
 
 export const useResizingParentEffect = (
   targetRef: React.RefObject<
-    Pick<HTMLDivElement, 'getBoundingClientRect' | 'contains'>
+    Pick<HTMLDivElement, 'getBoundingClientRect' | 'contains'> | null
   >,
   setTargetRect: (rect: DOMRect | undefined) => void
 ) => {
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/types.ts b/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/types.ts
index 2c14f860579..e573ddf2313 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/types.ts
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/types.ts
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ export interface PopoverContainerProps
   /**
    * The target element around which the popover will be positioned.
    */
-  targetRef: RefObject<TargetRef>;
+  targetRef: RefObject<TargetRef | null>;
   /**
    * If true, it will allow outside page interaction. Popover container will still close when clicking outside of the popover or hitting the escape key.
    */
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Tip/__tests__/helpers.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Tip/__tests__/helpers.tsx
index da836cbef31..0341dbbe056 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Tip/__tests__/helpers.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Tip/__tests__/helpers.tsx
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ type LinkTextParam = { linkText: string };
 type InfoParam = { info: string };
 type PlacementParam = { placement: TipPlacements };
 
-export const createFocusOnClick = (ref: RefObject<HTMLDivElement>) => {
+export const createFocusOnClick = (ref: RefObject<HTMLDivElement | null>) => {
   return ({ isTipHidden }: { isTipHidden: boolean }) => {
     if (!isTipHidden) ref.current?.focus();
   };
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Tip/shared/FloatingTip.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Tip/shared/FloatingTip.tsx
index c3013661549..23ff041957b 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Tip/shared/FloatingTip.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Tip/shared/FloatingTip.tsx
@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ export const FloatingTip: React.FC<TipWrapperProps> = ({
   const [isFocused, setIsFocused] = useState(false);
 
   // Use refs to store timeouts to prevent race conditions
-  const hoverDelayRef = useRef<NodeJS.Timeout | undefined>();
-  const focusDelayRef = useRef<NodeJS.Timeout | undefined>();
+  const hoverDelayRef = useRef<NodeJS.Timeout | undefined>(undefined);
+  const focusDelayRef = useRef<NodeJS.Timeout | undefined>(undefined);
 
   const commonPopoverProps = getPopoverAlignmentAndPattern({ alignment, type });
   const dims = getAlignmentStyles({ avatar, alignment, type });
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Tip/shared/types.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Tip/shared/types.tsx
index 164ed1aaf37..2d828c05292 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Tip/shared/types.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Tip/shared/types.tsx
@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ export type TipPlacementComponentProps = Omit<
   id?: string;
   isTipHidden?: boolean;
   contentRef?:
-    | React.RefObject<HTMLDivElement>
+    | React.RefObject<HTMLDivElement | null>
     | ((node: HTMLDivElement | null) => void);
   type: 'info' | 'tool' | 'preview';
-  wrapperRef?: React.RefObject<HTMLDivElement>;
+  wrapperRef?: React.RefObject<HTMLDivElement | null>;
   zIndex?: number;
 } & React.PropsWithChildren;
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/utils/react.ts b/packages/gamut/src/utils/react.ts
index c0b673bb24d..00cdb340130 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/utils/react.ts
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/utils/react.ts
@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ export const extractTextContent = (children: React.ReactNode): string => {
         return '';
       }
       if (isValidElement(child)) {
-        const textContent = child.props.children ?? child.props.text ?? '';
+        const props = child.props as { children?: React.ReactNode; text?: string };
+        const textContent = props.children ?? props.text ?? '';
         return extractTextContent(textContent);
       }
       return '';
diff --git a/packages/variance/integration/__tests__/component.test.tsx b/packages/variance/integration/__tests__/component.test.tsx
index bdc494b5fca..e3355484625 100644
--- a/packages/variance/integration/__tests__/component.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/variance/integration/__tests__/component.test.tsx
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 import { matchers } from '@emotion/jest';
 import { ThemeProvider } from '@emotion/react';
 import styled from '@emotion/styled';
+import { render } from '@testing-library/react';
 import { ComponentProps } from 'react';
 import * as React from 'react';
-import renderer from 'react-test-renderer';
 
 import { variance } from '../../src/core';
 import { theme } from '../__fixtures__/theme';
-// Add the custom matchers provided by '@emotion/jest'
+
 expect.extend(matchers);
 
 const styles = variance.create({
@@ -27,16 +27,20 @@ const setupRender = <T extends React.ElementType, P extends ComponentProps<T>>(
   Component: T,
   defaultProps?: P
 ) => {
-  return (props?: P) => {
+  return (props?: P): HTMLElement => {
     const mergedProps = { ...defaultProps, ...props };
 
-    return renderer
-      .create(
-        <ThemeProvider theme={theme}>
-          <Component {...(mergedProps as P)} />
-        </ThemeProvider>
-      )
-      .toJSON();
+    const { container } = render(
+      <ThemeProvider theme={theme}>
+        <Component {...(mergedProps as P)} />
+      </ThemeProvider>
+    );
+
+    const el = container.firstElementChild;
+    if (!el || !(el instanceof HTMLElement)) {
+      throw new Error('Expected a styled root element');
+    }
+    return el;
   };
 };
 
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index a0ff84d0248..401179f261d 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -1626,7 +1626,7 @@ __metadata:
     "@emotion/react": ^11.4.0
     "@emotion/styled": ^11.3.0
     lodash: ^4.17.23
-    react: ^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0
+    react: ^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0 || ^19.0.0
   languageName: unknown
   linkType: soft
 
@@ -1639,8 +1639,8 @@ __metadata:
   peerDependencies:
     "@emotion/react": ^11.4.0
     "@emotion/styled": ^11.3.0
-    react: ^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0
-    react-dom: ^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0
+    react: ^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0 || ^19.0.0
+    react-dom: ^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0 || ^19.0.0
   languageName: unknown
   linkType: soft
 
@@ -1669,8 +1669,8 @@ __metadata:
   peerDependencies:
     "@emotion/react": ^11.4.0
     "@emotion/styled": ^11.3.0
-    react: ^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0
-    react-dom: ^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0
+    react: ^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0 || ^19.0.0
+    react-dom: ^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0 || ^19.0.0
   languageName: unknown
   linkType: soft
 
@@ -1680,7 +1680,7 @@ __metadata:
   dependencies:
     "@codecademy/variance": "npm:0.26.0"
     "@emotion/is-prop-valid": "npm:^1.1.0"
-    framer-motion: "npm:^11.18.0"
+    framer-motion: "npm:^12.0.0"
     get-nonce: "npm:^1.0.0"
     polished: "npm:^4.1.2"
   peerDependencies:
@@ -1688,7 +1688,7 @@ __metadata:
     "@emotion/react": ^11.4.0
     "@emotion/styled": ^11.3.0
     lodash: ^4.17.23
-    react: ^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0
+    react: ^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0 || ^19.0.0
     stylis: ^4.0.7
   languageName: unknown
   linkType: soft
@@ -1701,7 +1701,7 @@ __metadata:
     component-test-setup: "npm:*"
     lodash: "npm:^4.17.23"
   peerDependencies:
-    react: ^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0
+    react: ^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0 || ^19.0.0
   languageName: unknown
   linkType: soft
 
@@ -1718,7 +1718,7 @@ __metadata:
     "@types/marked": "npm:^4.0.8"
     "@vidstack/react": "npm:^1.12.12"
     classnames: "npm:^2.2.5"
-    framer-motion: "npm:^11.18.0"
+    framer-motion: "npm:^12.0.0"
     html-to-react: "npm:^1.6.0"
     invariant: "npm:^2.2.4"
     lodash: "npm:^4.17.23"
@@ -1735,8 +1735,8 @@ __metadata:
   peerDependencies:
     "@emotion/react": ^11.4.0
     "@emotion/styled": ^11.3.0
-    react: ^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0
-    react-dom: ^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0
+    react: ^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0 || ^19.0.0
+    react-dom: ^17.0.2 || ^18.3.0 || ^19.0.0
   languageName: unknown
   linkType: soft
 
@@ -7686,22 +7686,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@testing-library/dom@npm:^8.11.1":
-  version: 8.20.1
-  resolution: "@testing-library/dom@npm:8.20.1"
-  dependencies:
-    "@babel/code-frame": "npm:^7.10.4"
-    "@babel/runtime": "npm:^7.12.5"
-    "@types/aria-query": "npm:^5.0.1"
-    aria-query: "npm:5.1.3"
-    chalk: "npm:^4.1.0"
-    dom-accessibility-api: "npm:^0.5.9"
-    lz-string: "npm:^1.5.0"
-    pretty-format: "npm:^27.0.2"
-  checksum: 10c0/614013756706467f2a7f3f693c18377048c210ec809884f0f9be866f7d865d075805ad15f5d100e8a699467fdde09085bf79e23a00ea0a6ab001d9583ef15e5d
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "@testing-library/jest-dom@npm:^5.16.1":
   version: 5.17.0
   resolution: "@testing-library/jest-dom@npm:5.17.0"
@@ -7741,21 +7725,23 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@testing-library/react@npm:15.0.6":
-  version: 15.0.6
-  resolution: "@testing-library/react@npm:15.0.6"
+"@testing-library/react@npm:^16.0.0":
+  version: 16.3.2
+  resolution: "@testing-library/react@npm:16.3.2"
   dependencies:
     "@babel/runtime": "npm:^7.12.5"
-    "@testing-library/dom": "npm:^10.0.0"
-    "@types/react-dom": "npm:^18.0.0"
   peerDependencies:
-    "@types/react": ^18.0.0
-    react: ^18.0.0
-    react-dom: ^18.0.0
+    "@testing-library/dom": ^10.0.0
+    "@types/react": ^18.0.0 || ^19.0.0
+    "@types/react-dom": ^18.0.0 || ^19.0.0
+    react: ^18.0.0 || ^19.0.0
+    react-dom: ^18.0.0 || ^19.0.0
   peerDependenciesMeta:
     "@types/react":
       optional: true
-  checksum: 10c0/3705a2272f929f2f848f5d7e6ac9829bf7ecc1725a35733ffae7e7a261d4bdab470b080558e8544edb1f9ba25db9fbc4232527df9b4ec6ab6ae4462a902a7f95
+    "@types/react-dom":
+      optional: true
+  checksum: 10c0/f9c7f0915e1b5f7b750e6c7d8b51f091b8ae7ea99bacb761d7b8505ba25de9cfcb749a0f779f1650fb268b499dd79165dc7e1ee0b8b4cb63430d3ddc81ffe044
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
@@ -8235,13 +8221,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@types/prop-types@npm:*":
-  version: 15.7.13
-  resolution: "@types/prop-types@npm:15.7.13"
-  checksum: 10c0/1b20fc67281902c6743379960247bc161f3f0406ffc0df8e7058745a85ea1538612109db0406290512947f9632fe9e10e7337bf0ce6338a91d6c948df16a7c61
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "@types/q@npm:^1.5.1":
   version: 1.5.8
   resolution: "@types/q@npm:1.5.8"
@@ -8263,16 +8242,16 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@types/react-dom@npm:18.3.1":
-  version: 18.3.1
-  resolution: "@types/react-dom@npm:18.3.1"
-  dependencies:
-    "@types/react": "npm:*"
-  checksum: 10c0/8b416551c60bb6bd8ec10e198c957910cfb271bc3922463040b0d57cf4739cdcd24b13224f8d68f10318926e1ec3cd69af0af79f0291b599a992f8c80d47f1eb
+"@types/react-dom@npm:^19.0.0":
+  version: 19.2.3
+  resolution: "@types/react-dom@npm:19.2.3"
+  peerDependencies:
+    "@types/react": ^19.2.0
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-    motion-utils: "npm:^11.18.1"
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-    "@testing-library/react": "npm:15.0.6"
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-  dependencies:
-    internal-slot: "npm:^1.0.4"
-  checksum: 10c0/c4158d6188aac510d9e92925b58709207bd94699e9c31186a040c80932a687f84a51356b5895e6dc72710aad83addb9411c22171832c9ae0e6e11b7d61b0dfb9
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "storybook-addon-deep-controls@npm:^0.9.5":
   version: 0.9.5
   resolution: "storybook-addon-deep-controls@npm:0.9.5"
@@ -25942,7 +25847,7 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"which-collection@npm:^1.0.1, which-collection@npm:^1.0.2":
+"which-collection@npm:^1.0.2":
   version: 1.0.2
   resolution: "which-collection@npm:1.0.2"
   dependencies:
@@ -25954,7 +25859,7 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"which-typed-array@npm:^1.1.13, which-typed-array@npm:^1.1.14, which-typed-array@npm:^1.1.15, which-typed-array@npm:^1.1.2":
+"which-typed-array@npm:^1.1.14, which-typed-array@npm:^1.1.15, which-typed-array@npm:^1.1.2":
   version: 1.1.15
   resolution: "which-typed-array@npm:1.1.15"
   dependencies:

From 39d5707ef4316ede768c5ea01f024c039e4e3692 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: dreamwasp <cass.spain@skillsoft.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2026 17:39:44 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 02/10] format

---
 packages/gamut-styles/src/variance/utils.ts  |  2 +-
 packages/gamut/src/Popover/types.tsx         |  7 ++++---
 packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/hooks.ts | 14 ++++++++------
 packages/gamut/src/utils/react.ts            |  5 ++++-
 yarn.lock                                    | 11 +----------
 5 files changed, 18 insertions(+), 21 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/gamut-styles/src/variance/utils.ts b/packages/gamut-styles/src/variance/utils.ts
index 01a1630c1bf..efccefdd8cd 100644
--- a/packages/gamut-styles/src/variance/utils.ts
+++ b/packages/gamut-styles/src/variance/utils.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-import type React from 'react';
 import { ThemeProps } from '@codecademy/variance';
 import isPropValid from '@emotion/is-prop-valid';
+import type React from 'react';
 
 import { all as allProps } from './config';
 
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Popover/types.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Popover/types.tsx
index 562361bcc52..1a605f43097 100755
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Popover/types.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Popover/types.tsx
@@ -98,9 +98,10 @@ export type PopoverProps = PopoverBaseProps &
     /**
      * The target element around which the popover will be positioned.
      */
-    targetRef: React.RefObject<
-      Pick<HTMLDivElement, 'getBoundingClientRect' | 'contains'> | null
-    >;
+    targetRef: React.RefObject<Pick<
+      HTMLDivElement,
+      'getBoundingClientRect' | 'contains'
+    > | null>;
 
     /**
      * The PopoverContainer which contents will be rendered into.
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/hooks.ts b/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/hooks.ts
index 16599224b93..8ddd9c13d35 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/hooks.ts
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/hooks.ts
@@ -3,9 +3,10 @@ import { useEffect, useMemo } from 'react';
 import { findAllAdditionalScrollingParents, findResizingParent } from './utils';
 
 export const useScrollingParentsEffect = (
-  targetRef: React.RefObject<
-    Pick<HTMLDivElement, 'getBoundingClientRect' | 'contains'> | null
-  >,
+  targetRef: React.RefObject<Pick<
+    HTMLDivElement,
+    'getBoundingClientRect' | 'contains'
+  > | null>,
   setTargetRect: (rect: DOMRect | undefined) => void
 ) => {
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -39,9 +40,10 @@ export const useScrollingParentsEffect = (
 };
 
 export const useResizingParentEffect = (
-  targetRef: React.RefObject<
-    Pick<HTMLDivElement, 'getBoundingClientRect' | 'contains'> | null
-  >,
+  targetRef: React.RefObject<Pick<
+    HTMLDivElement,
+    'getBoundingClientRect' | 'contains'
+  > | null>,
   setTargetRect: (rect: DOMRect | undefined) => void
 ) => {
   useEffect(() => {
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/utils/react.ts b/packages/gamut/src/utils/react.ts
index 00cdb340130..a3ebd4391cb 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/utils/react.ts
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/utils/react.ts
@@ -35,7 +35,10 @@ export const extractTextContent = (children: React.ReactNode): string => {
         return '';
       }
       if (isValidElement(child)) {
-        const props = child.props as { children?: React.ReactNode; text?: string };
+        const props = child.props as {
+          children?: React.ReactNode;
+          text?: string;
+        };
         const textContent = props.children ?? props.text ?? '';
         return extractTextContent(textContent);
       }
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index 401179f261d..175e77b08a8 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -8251,16 +8251,7 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@types/react-test-renderer@npm:>=16.9.0":
-  version: 18.3.0
-  resolution: "@types/react-test-renderer@npm:18.3.0"
-  dependencies:
-    "@types/react": "npm:*"
-  checksum: 10c0/3c9748be52e8e659e7adf91dea6939486463264e6f633bf21c4cb116de18af7bef0595568a1e588160420b2f65289473075dda1cb417c2875df8cf7a09f5d913
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
-"@types/react-test-renderer@npm:^19.0.0":
+"@types/react-test-renderer@npm:>=16.9.0, @types/react-test-renderer@npm:^19.0.0":
   version: 19.1.0
   resolution: "@types/react-test-renderer@npm:19.1.0"
   dependencies:

From 3f687900567518928aa19861a9f49c65070f30cc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: dreamwasp <cass.spain@skillsoft.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 10:39:04 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 03/10] .spec

---
 packages/gamut-styles/tsconfig.lib.json | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/packages/gamut-styles/tsconfig.lib.json b/packages/gamut-styles/tsconfig.lib.json
index bf001194960..daaeddbd0e7 100644
--- a/packages/gamut-styles/tsconfig.lib.json
+++ b/packages/gamut-styles/tsconfig.lib.json
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
   ],
   "exclude": [
     "jest.config.ts",
+    "**/__tests__/**",
     "**/*.spec.ts",
     "**/*.test.ts",
     "**/*.spec.tsx",

From 2fa55ca2bc555749d9c98f25e68b13903f83c6b2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: dreamwasp <cass.spain@skillsoft.com>
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 10:51:13 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 04/10] test

---
 packages/gamut/src/Tip/__tests__/helpers.tsx | 23 ++++++--------------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Tip/__tests__/helpers.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Tip/__tests__/helpers.tsx
index 0341dbbe056..7f7461d2679 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Tip/__tests__/helpers.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Tip/__tests__/helpers.tsx
@@ -419,24 +419,15 @@ export const openInfoTipsWithKeyboard = async ({
 }) => {
   const buttons = view.getAllByLabelText('Show information');
 
-  await act(async () => {
-    buttons[0].focus();
-    await userEvent.keyboard('{Enter}');
-
-    for (let i = 1; i < count; i += 1) {
-      // eslint-disable-next-line no-await-in-loop
-      await userEvent.tab();
-      // eslint-disable-next-line no-await-in-loop
+  for (let i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
+    await act(async () => {
+      buttons[i].focus();
       await userEvent.keyboard('{Enter}');
-    }
-  });
-
-  // Wait for all tips to finish opening
-  await waitFor(() => {
-    buttons.forEach((button) => {
-      expect(button).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true');
     });
-  });
+    await waitFor(() => {
+      expect(buttons[i]).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true');
+    });
+  }
 };
 
 export const expectTipsVisible = (tips: { text: string }[]) => {

From 91f5f46d140da0262dd2833ede086ab65d0f383c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: dreamwasp <cass.spain@skillsoft.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 11:09:08 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 05/10] ref check

---
 .../src/Anchor/__tests__/Anchor.test.tsx      | 20 ++++-
 packages/gamut/src/Anchor/index.tsx           | 27 +++++--
 packages/gamut/src/ButtonBase/ButtonBase.tsx  | 21 +++--
 .../ButtonBase/__tests__/ButtonBase.test.tsx  | 18 +++++
 .../Form/SelectDropdown/elements/controls.tsx |  2 +-
 .../SelectDropdown/elements/multi-value.tsx   |  2 +-
 .../src/Form/SelectDropdown/types/internal.ts |  6 +-
 packages/gamut/src/Menu/MenuItem.tsx          | 31 ++++---
 .../gamut/src/Menu/__tests__/Menu.test.tsx    | 27 ++++++-
 packages/gamut/src/Popover/Popover.tsx        |  8 +-
 .../src/Popover/__tests__/Popover.test.tsx    | 20 ++++-
 packages/gamut/src/Popover/types.tsx          | 10 +--
 .../src/PopoverContainer/PopoverContainer.tsx | 33 ++++----
 .../__tests__/PopoverContainer.test.tsx       | 18 +++++
 packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/hooks.ts  | 80 +++++++++++--------
 packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/types.ts  |  5 +-
 packages/gamut/src/Tip/shared/types.tsx       |  6 +-
 17 files changed, 238 insertions(+), 96 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Anchor/__tests__/Anchor.test.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Anchor/__tests__/Anchor.test.tsx
index 7aedaca8f59..5e36e529d60 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Anchor/__tests__/Anchor.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Anchor/__tests__/Anchor.test.tsx
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { MiniWarningTriangleIcon } from '@codecademy/gamut-icons';
 import { setupRtl } from '@codecademy/gamut-tests';
-import { screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import React from 'react';
 
 import { Anchor } from '..';
 
@@ -33,4 +34,21 @@ describe('Anchor', () => {
 
     expect(buttonElement).toHaveTextContent(anchorText);
   });
+
+  it('forwards ref to the anchor element', () => {
+    const ref = React.createRef<HTMLAnchorElement>();
+    render(
+      <Anchor href={href} ref={ref}>
+        {anchorText}
+      </Anchor>
+    );
+    expect(ref.current).toBeInstanceOf(HTMLAnchorElement);
+    expect(ref.current).toHaveAttribute('href', href);
+  });
+
+  it('forwards ref to the button when rendered without href', () => {
+    const ref = React.createRef<HTMLButtonElement>();
+    render(<Anchor ref={ref}>{anchorText}</Anchor>);
+    expect(ref.current).toBeInstanceOf(HTMLButtonElement);
+  });
 });
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Anchor/index.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Anchor/index.tsx
index 287ff0e6d37..677074fac9a 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Anchor/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Anchor/index.tsx
@@ -1,9 +1,19 @@
 import { styledOptions, system, variant } from '@codecademy/gamut-styles';
 import { StyleProps, variance } from '@codecademy/variance';
 import styled from '@emotion/styled';
-import { ComponentProps, forwardRef, HTMLProps, RefObject } from 'react';
+import {
+  ComponentProps,
+  ComponentType,
+  forwardRef,
+  HTMLProps,
+  Ref,
+} from 'react';
 
-import { ButtonBase, ButtonSelectors } from '../ButtonBase/ButtonBase';
+import {
+  ButtonBase,
+  ButtonSelectors,
+  narrowButtonBaseRef,
+} from '../ButtonBase/ButtonBase';
 import { AppendedIconProps, appendIconToContent } from '../helpers';
 
 export interface AnchorProps
@@ -107,11 +117,18 @@ const anchorProps = variance.compose(
   system.typography
 );
 
-export const AnchorBase = styled('a', styledOptions<'a'>())<AnchorProps>(
+const AnchorBaseStyled = styled('a', styledOptions<'a'>())<AnchorProps>(
   anchorVariants,
   anchorProps
 );
 
+/** AnchorBase ref accepts anchor or button because it can render as ButtonBase when there is no href. */
+export const AnchorBase = AnchorBaseStyled as ComponentType<
+  Omit<ComponentProps<typeof AnchorBaseStyled>, 'ref'> & {
+    ref?: Ref<HTMLAnchorElement | HTMLButtonElement | null>;
+  }
+>;
+
 type AnchorBaseProps =
   | ComponentProps<typeof AnchorBase>
   | (Exclude<ComponentProps<typeof AnchorBase>, 'ref'> &
@@ -150,7 +167,7 @@ export const Anchor = forwardRef<
       return (
         <AnchorBase
           as={ButtonBase}
-          ref={ref as RefObject<HTMLAnchorElement>}
+          ref={narrowButtonBaseRef<HTMLButtonElement>(ref)}
           variant={variant}
           {...rest}
         >
@@ -161,7 +178,7 @@ export const Anchor = forwardRef<
 
     return (
       <AnchorBase
-        ref={ref as RefObject<HTMLAnchorElement>}
+        ref={narrowButtonBaseRef<HTMLAnchorElement>(ref)}
         variant={variant}
         {...rest}
       >
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/ButtonBase/ButtonBase.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/ButtonBase/ButtonBase.tsx
index 3441636cf52..5c365befb3e 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/ButtonBase/ButtonBase.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/ButtonBase/ButtonBase.tsx
@@ -1,12 +1,9 @@
 import { css, styledOptions } from '@codecademy/gamut-styles';
 import styled from '@emotion/styled';
-import { ComponentProps, forwardRef, HTMLProps, MutableRefObject } from 'react';
+import { ComponentProps, forwardRef, HTMLProps, Ref } from 'react';
 
 export type ButtonBaseElements = HTMLAnchorElement | HTMLButtonElement;
-export type ButtonBaseRef =
-  | ((instance: ButtonBaseElements | null) => void)
-  | MutableRefObject<ButtonBaseElements | null>
-  | null;
+export type ButtonBaseRef = Ref<ButtonBaseElements | null>;
 
 export type ButtonBaseElementProps = HTMLProps<
   HTMLAnchorElement | HTMLButtonElement
@@ -62,6 +59,16 @@ type ButtonBaseProps =
   | (Exclude<ComponentProps<typeof ResetElement>, 'ref'> &
       ComponentProps<typeof ResetElementAnchor>);
 
+/**
+ * Narrows a ref union (anchor | button) to the element type for the current render branch.
+ * Use when forwarding refs from components that render either an anchor or a button (e.g. ButtonBase, Anchor).
+ */
+export function narrowButtonBaseRef<T extends ButtonBaseElements>(
+  ref: Ref<ButtonBaseElements | null>
+): Ref<T> {
+  return ref as Ref<T>;
+}
+
 export const ButtonBase = forwardRef<
   HTMLButtonElement | HTMLAnchorElement,
   ButtonBaseProps
@@ -76,7 +83,7 @@ export const ButtonBase = forwardRef<
         {...filteredProps}
         as="button"
         disabled={!!disabled}
-        ref={ref as MutableRefObject<HTMLButtonElement>}
+        ref={narrowButtonBaseRef<HTMLButtonElement>(ref)}
         role={role}
         type={type}
       >
@@ -90,7 +97,7 @@ export const ButtonBase = forwardRef<
       {...rest}
       as="a"
       href={rest?.href}
-      ref={ref as MutableRefObject<HTMLAnchorElement>}
+      ref={narrowButtonBaseRef<HTMLAnchorElement>(ref)}
       role={role}
     >
       {children}
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/ButtonBase/__tests__/ButtonBase.test.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/ButtonBase/__tests__/ButtonBase.test.tsx
index 62eeff1b449..a6ed56503d2 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/ButtonBase/__tests__/ButtonBase.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/ButtonBase/__tests__/ButtonBase.test.tsx
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 import { setupRtl } from '@codecademy/gamut-tests';
+import { render } from '@testing-library/react';
+import React from 'react';
 
 import { ButtonBase } from '../ButtonBase';
 
@@ -53,4 +55,20 @@ describe('ButtonBase', () => {
       expect(el.getAttribute('disabled')).toBe('');
     });
   });
+
+  it('forwards ref to the button element', () => {
+    const ref = React.createRef<HTMLButtonElement>();
+    render(<ButtonBase ref={ref}>{buttonText}</ButtonBase>);
+    expect(ref.current).toBeInstanceOf(HTMLButtonElement);
+  });
+
+  it('forwards ref to the anchor when href is provided', () => {
+    const ref = React.createRef<HTMLAnchorElement>();
+    render(
+      <ButtonBase ref={ref} href="https://www.codecademy.com">
+        {buttonText}
+      </ButtonBase>
+    );
+    expect(ref.current).toBeInstanceOf(HTMLAnchorElement);
+  });
 });
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Form/SelectDropdown/elements/controls.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Form/SelectDropdown/elements/controls.tsx
index 3152ed97e2c..422584fd0f5 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Form/SelectDropdown/elements/controls.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Form/SelectDropdown/elements/controls.tsx
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ export const RemoveAllButton = (props: SizedIndicatorProps) => {
       selectInputRef?.current &&
       (e.key === 'ArrowRight' || e.key === 'ArrowLeft' || e.key === 'ArrowDown')
     ) {
-      selectInputRef?.current.focus();
+      selectInputRef.current.focus();
     }
   };
 
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Form/SelectDropdown/elements/multi-value.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Form/SelectDropdown/elements/multi-value.tsx
index bb1d2002565..716941d2a22 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Form/SelectDropdown/elements/multi-value.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Form/SelectDropdown/elements/multi-value.tsx
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ export const RemoveAllButton = (props: SizedIndicatorProps) => {
       selectInputRef?.current &&
       (e.key === 'ArrowRight' || e.key === 'ArrowLeft' || e.key === 'ArrowDown')
     ) {
-      selectInputRef?.current.focus();
+      selectInputRef.current.focus();
     }
   };
 
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Form/SelectDropdown/types/internal.ts b/packages/gamut/src/Form/SelectDropdown/types/internal.ts
index 8a151e2102c..fabd1307227 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Form/SelectDropdown/types/internal.ts
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Form/SelectDropdown/types/internal.ts
@@ -14,12 +14,10 @@ export type InternalSelectProps = {
 };
 
 /**
- * Ref type for programmatic focus management.
+ * Ref type for programmatic focus management (internal refs from useRef).
  * Used for managing focus on select input and remove all button.
  */
-export type ProgramaticFocusRef =
-  | React.MutableRefObject<HTMLDivElement>
-  | React.MutableRefObject<null>;
+export type ProgramaticFocusRef = React.RefObject<HTMLDivElement | null>;
 
 /**
  * Context value for SelectDropdown internal state management.
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Menu/MenuItem.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Menu/MenuItem.tsx
index 0429e639192..9669ee51866 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Menu/MenuItem.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Menu/MenuItem.tsx
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import {
   ComponentProps,
   forwardRef,
   MouseEventHandler,
-  MutableRefObject,
+  Ref,
   useId,
 } from 'react';
 
@@ -60,6 +60,21 @@ interface MenuTextItem extends HTMLProps, ForwardListItemProps {
 
 type MenuItemTypes = MenuItemIconOnly | MenuTextItem;
 
+type MenuItemRefElement =
+  | HTMLLIElement
+  | HTMLAnchorElement
+  | HTMLButtonElement;
+
+/**
+ * Narrows the forwarded ref union to a specific element type for the current render branch.
+ * MenuItem renders exactly one of li, a, or button per call, so the ref is forwarded to that element.
+ */
+function narrowMenuItemRef<T extends MenuItemRefElement>(
+  ref: React.Ref<MenuItemRefElement | null>
+): Ref<T> {
+  return ref as Ref<T>;
+}
+
 export const MenuItem = forwardRef<
   HTMLLIElement | HTMLAnchorElement | HTMLButtonElement,
   MenuItemTypes
@@ -133,15 +148,13 @@ export const MenuItem = forwardRef<
     );
 
     if (listItemType === 'link' && !disabled) {
-      const linkRef = ref as MutableRefObject<HTMLAnchorElement>;
-
       return (
         <ListItem {...listItemProps}>
           <MenuToolTipWrapper label={label} tipId={tipId}>
             <ListLink
               {...(computed as ListLinkProps)}
               href={href}
-              ref={linkRef}
+              ref={narrowMenuItemRef<HTMLAnchorElement>(ref)}
               target={target}
             >
               {content}
@@ -152,7 +165,6 @@ export const MenuItem = forwardRef<
     }
 
     if (listItemType === 'button' || (listItemType === 'link' && disabled)) {
-      const buttonRef = ref as MutableRefObject<HTMLButtonElement>;
       const handleClick: MouseEventHandler<HTMLButtonElement> = disabled
         ? () => null
         : (props.onClick as any as MouseEventHandler<HTMLButtonElement>);
@@ -162,7 +174,7 @@ export const MenuItem = forwardRef<
           <MenuToolTipWrapper label={label} tipId={tipId}>
             <ListButton
               {...(computed as ListLinkProps)}
-              ref={buttonRef}
+              ref={narrowMenuItemRef<HTMLButtonElement>(ref)}
               onClick={handleClick}
             >
               {content}
@@ -172,11 +184,12 @@ export const MenuItem = forwardRef<
       );
     }
 
-    const liRef = ref as MutableRefObject<HTMLLIElement>;
-
     return (
       // These are non-interactive and will never have tooltips (nor should they).
-      <ListItem {...(computed as ListItemProps)} ref={liRef}>
+      <ListItem
+        {...(computed as ListItemProps)}
+        ref={narrowMenuItemRef<HTMLLIElement>(ref)}
+      >
         {content}
       </ListItem>
     );
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Menu/__tests__/Menu.test.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Menu/__tests__/Menu.test.tsx
index 883c39d1604..bd8e0e50fa8 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Menu/__tests__/Menu.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Menu/__tests__/Menu.test.tsx
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import { MultipleUsersIcon } from '@codecademy/gamut-icons';
 import { setupRtl } from '@codecademy/gamut-tests';
-import { screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
 import userEvent from '@testing-library/user-event';
+import React from 'react';
 
 import { Menu } from '../Menu';
 import { MenuItem } from '../MenuItem';
@@ -32,6 +33,30 @@ describe('Menu', () => {
     screen.getByRole('link');
     expect(screen.queryByRole('menuitem')).toBeNull();
   });
+
+  it('forwards ref to the link when MenuItem has href', () => {
+    const ref = React.createRef<HTMLAnchorElement>();
+    render(
+      <Menu>
+        <MenuItem href="#link" ref={ref}>
+          Cool Town
+        </MenuItem>
+      </Menu>
+    );
+    expect(ref.current).toBeInstanceOf(HTMLAnchorElement);
+  });
+
+  it('forwards ref to the button when MenuItem has onClick', () => {
+    const ref = React.createRef<HTMLButtonElement>();
+    render(
+      <Menu>
+        <MenuItem ref={ref} onClick={() => null}>
+          Cool Town
+        </MenuItem>
+      </Menu>
+    );
+    expect(ref.current).toBeInstanceOf(HTMLButtonElement);
+  });
   it('renders MenuItems with onClicks as buttons within a li', () => {
     renderView({
       children: <MenuItem onClick={() => null}>Cool Town</MenuItem>,
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Popover/Popover.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Popover/Popover.tsx
index 86bbb05d9ee..c83e4f7a6ac 100755
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Popover/Popover.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Popover/Popover.tsx
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { useWindowScroll, useWindowSize } from 'react-use';
 
 import { FocusTrap } from '../FocusTrap';
 import {
+  getRefElement,
   useResizingParentEffect,
   useScrollingParentsEffect,
 } from '../PopoverContainer/hooks';
@@ -137,12 +138,12 @@ export const Popover: React.FC<PopoverProps> = ({
   ]);
 
   useEffect(() => {
-    setTargetRect(targetRef?.current?.getBoundingClientRect());
+    setTargetRect(getRefElement(targetRef)?.getBoundingClientRect());
   }, [targetRef, isOpen, width, height, x, y]);
 
   const updateTargetPosition = useCallback(
     (rect?: DOMRect) => {
-      const target = targetRef?.current;
+      const target = getRefElement(targetRef);
       if (!target) return;
 
       const newRect = rect || target.getBoundingClientRect();
@@ -152,7 +153,6 @@ export const Popover: React.FC<PopoverProps> = ({
   );
 
   useScrollingParentsEffect(targetRef, updateTargetPosition);
-
   useResizingParentEffect(targetRef, setTargetRect);
 
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ export const Popover: React.FC<PopoverProps> = ({
   const handleClickOutside = useCallback(
     (e: MouseEvent) => {
       const target = e.target as Node;
-      const targetElement = targetRef.current;
+      const targetElement = getRefElement(targetRef);
 
       if (!targetElement) return;
 
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Popover/__tests__/Popover.test.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Popover/__tests__/Popover.test.tsx
index fe3700e3b9d..86575610a03 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Popover/__tests__/Popover.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Popover/__tests__/Popover.test.tsx
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ import { CheckerDense } from '@codecademy/gamut-patterns';
 import { theme } from '@codecademy/gamut-styles';
 import { setupRtl } from '@codecademy/gamut-tests';
 import { ThemeProvider } from '@emotion/react';
-import { fireEvent } from '@testing-library/react';
+import { fireEvent, render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import React from 'react';
 
 import { Popover, PopoverProps } from '..';
 
@@ -57,6 +58,23 @@ describe('Popover', () => {
     expect(popoverIsRendered(view)).toBeTruthy();
   });
 
+  it('accepts targetRef from useRef and renders when open', () => {
+    const PopoverWithUseRefTarget = () => {
+      const targetRef = React.useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+      return (
+        <ThemeProvider theme={theme}>
+          <div data-testid="popover-target" ref={targetRef} />
+          <Popover isOpen targetRef={targetRef}>
+            <div data-testid="popover-content">Content</div>
+          </Popover>
+          <div data-testid="outside-popover">outside</div>
+        </ThemeProvider>
+      );
+    };
+    render(<PopoverWithUseRefTarget />);
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('popover-content')).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+
   it('triggers onRequestClose callback when clicking outside', () => {
     const onRequestClose = jest.fn();
     const { view } = renderView({
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Popover/types.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Popover/types.tsx
index 1a605f43097..e563b60b0b4 100755
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Popover/types.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Popover/types.tsx
@@ -97,18 +97,14 @@ export type PopoverProps = PopoverBaseProps &
 
     /**
      * The target element around which the popover will be positioned.
+     * Only ref objects (e.g. from useRef) are supported at runtime; RefCallback is not.
      */
-    targetRef: React.RefObject<Pick<
-      HTMLDivElement,
-      'getBoundingClientRect' | 'contains'
-    > | null>;
+    targetRef: React.Ref<HTMLElement | null>;
 
     /**
      * The PopoverContainer which contents will be rendered into.
      */
-    popoverContainerRef?:
-      | React.RefObject<HTMLDivElement | null>
-      | React.RefCallback<HTMLDivElement>;
+    popoverContainerRef?: React.Ref<HTMLDivElement | null>;
 
     /**
      * Whether to add width restrictions to Popover.
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/PopoverContainer.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/PopoverContainer.tsx
index 09c66536ff1..032364e2ae4 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/PopoverContainer.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/PopoverContainer.tsx
@@ -8,11 +8,13 @@ import { useWindowScroll, useWindowSize } from 'react-use';
 import { BodyPortal } from '../BodyPortal';
 import { FocusTrap } from '../FocusTrap';
 import {
+  getRefElement,
+  getTargetAsElement,
   useResizingParentEffect,
   useScrollingParents,
   useScrollingParentsEffect,
 } from './hooks';
-import { ContainerState, PopoverContainerProps } from './types';
+import { ContainerState, PopoverContainerProps, TargetRef } from './types';
 import { getContainers, getPosition, isOutOfView } from './utils';
 
 const PopoverContent = styled.div(
@@ -49,10 +51,7 @@ export const PopoverContainer: React.FC<PopoverContainerProps> = ({
   const [targetRect, setTargetRect] = useState<DOMRect>();
   const parent = containers?.parent;
 
-  // Memoize scrolling parents to avoid expensive DOM traversals
-  const scrollingParents = useScrollingParents(
-    targetRef as React.RefObject<HTMLElement | null>
-  );
+  const scrollingParents = useScrollingParents(targetRef);
 
   // Keep onRequestClose ref up to date
   useEffect(() => {
@@ -64,7 +63,7 @@ export const PopoverContainer: React.FC<PopoverContainerProps> = ({
   const [isRtl, setIsRtl] = useState(false);
   useEffect(() => {
     const checkDirection = () => {
-      const target = targetRef?.current;
+      const target = getRefElement(targetRef);
       const el = target instanceof Element ? target : document.documentElement;
       setIsRtl(getComputedStyle(el).direction === 'rtl');
     };
@@ -96,20 +95,22 @@ export const PopoverContainer: React.FC<PopoverContainerProps> = ({
   }, [parent, x, y, offset, alignment, invertAxis, isRtl]);
 
   useEffect(() => {
-    const target = targetRef?.current;
+    const target = getRefElement(targetRef);
     if (!target) return;
-    setContainers(getContainers(target, inline, { x: winX, y: winY }));
+    setContainers(
+      getContainers(target as TargetRef, inline, { x: winX, y: winY })
+    );
   }, [targetRef, inline, winW, winH, winX, winY, targetRect]);
 
   // Update target rectangle when window size/scroll changes
   useEffect(() => {
-    setTargetRect(targetRef?.current?.getBoundingClientRect());
+    setTargetRect(getRefElement(targetRef)?.getBoundingClientRect());
   }, [targetRef, isOpen, winW, winH, winX, winY]);
 
   // Update target rectangle when parent size/scroll changes
   const updateTargetPosition = useCallback(
     (rect?: DOMRect) => {
-      const target = targetRef?.current;
+      const target = getRefElement(targetRef);
       if (!target) return;
 
       const newRect = rect || target.getBoundingClientRect();
@@ -121,14 +122,16 @@ export const PopoverContainer: React.FC<PopoverContainerProps> = ({
         window.pageYOffset || document.documentElement.scrollTop;
 
       setContainers(
-        getContainers(target, inline, { x: currentScrollX, y: currentScrollY })
+        getContainers(target as TargetRef, inline, {
+          x: currentScrollX,
+          y: currentScrollY,
+        })
       );
     },
     [targetRef, inline]
   );
 
   useScrollingParentsEffect(targetRef, updateTargetPosition);
-
   useResizingParentEffect(targetRef, setTargetRect);
 
   // Handle closeOnViewportExit with cached scrolling parents for performance
@@ -140,7 +143,7 @@ export const PopoverContainer: React.FC<PopoverContainerProps> = ({
 
     const isOut = isOutOfView(
       rect,
-      targetRef?.current as HTMLElement,
+      getTargetAsElement(getRefElement(targetRef)) ?? undefined,
       scrollingParents
     );
 
@@ -165,7 +168,7 @@ export const PopoverContainer: React.FC<PopoverContainerProps> = ({
   const handleClickOutside = useCallback(
     (e: MouseEvent | TouchEvent) => {
       const target = e.target as Node;
-      const targetElement = targetRef.current;
+      const targetElement = getRefElement(targetRef);
 
       if (!targetElement) return;
       if (targetElement.contains(target)) return;
@@ -184,7 +187,7 @@ export const PopoverContainer: React.FC<PopoverContainerProps> = ({
   const handleGlobalClickOutside = useCallback(
     (e: MouseEvent) => {
       const target = e.target as Node;
-      const targetElement = targetRef.current;
+      const targetElement = getRefElement(targetRef);
 
       if (!targetElement || !isOpen) return;
 
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/__tests__/PopoverContainer.test.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/__tests__/PopoverContainer.test.tsx
index ebb006d5ea0..964b69673c9 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/__tests__/PopoverContainer.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/__tests__/PopoverContainer.test.tsx
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { MockGamutProvider, setupRtl } from '@codecademy/gamut-tests';
 import { cleanup, fireEvent, render, screen } from '@testing-library/react';
+import React from 'react';
 
 import { PopoverContainer } from '..';
 import { PopoverContainerProps, TargetRef } from '../types';
@@ -91,6 +92,23 @@ describe('Popover', () => {
     expect(popoverIsRendered()).toBeTruthy();
   });
 
+  it('accepts targetRef from useRef and renders when open', () => {
+    const ContainerWithUseRefTarget = () => {
+      const targetRef = React.useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+      return (
+        <MockGamutProvider>
+          <div ref={targetRef} data-testid="popover-target" />
+          <PopoverContainer isOpen inline targetRef={targetRef}>
+            <div data-testid="popover-content">Content</div>
+          </PopoverContainer>
+          <div data-testid="outside-popover">outside</div>
+        </MockGamutProvider>
+      );
+    };
+    render(<ContainerWithUseRefTarget />);
+    expect(screen.getByTestId('popover-content')).toBeInTheDocument();
+  });
+
   it('triggers onRequestClose callback when clicking outside', () => {
     const onRequestClose = jest.fn();
     renderView({
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/hooks.ts b/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/hooks.ts
index 8ddd9c13d35..627640a9b1e 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/hooks.ts
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/hooks.ts
@@ -2,28 +2,50 @@ import { useEffect, useMemo } from 'react';
 
 import { findAllAdditionalScrollingParents, findResizingParent } from './utils';
 
+/**
+ * Minimal element shape required for popover positioning.
+ * Accepts both HTMLElement and TargetRef so Popover and PopoverContainer can share hooks.
+ */
+export interface PopoverTargetElement {
+  getBoundingClientRect(): DOMRect;
+  contains(other: Node | null): boolean;
+}
+
+/** Resolves Ref to current element; returns null for RefCallback or null ref. */
+export function getRefElement(
+  ref: React.Ref<PopoverTargetElement | null>
+): PopoverTargetElement | null {
+  if (ref == null) return null;
+  if (typeof ref === 'function') return null;
+  return ref.current;
+}
+
+/** Casts minimal target to HTMLElement for utils that need full DOM (e.g. parentElement). */
+export function getTargetAsElement(
+  target: PopoverTargetElement | null
+): HTMLElement | null {
+  return target as HTMLElement | null;
+}
+
 export const useScrollingParentsEffect = (
-  targetRef: React.RefObject<Pick<
-    HTMLDivElement,
-    'getBoundingClientRect' | 'contains'
-  > | null>,
+  targetRef: React.Ref<PopoverTargetElement | null>,
   setTargetRect: (rect: DOMRect | undefined) => void
 ) => {
   useEffect(() => {
-    if (!targetRef.current) {
-      return;
-    }
+    const target = getRefElement(targetRef);
+    if (!target) return;
 
-    const target = targetRef.current as unknown as HTMLElement;
-    const scrollingParents = findAllAdditionalScrollingParents(target);
+    const scrollingParents = findAllAdditionalScrollingParents(
+      getTargetAsElement(target)!
+    );
 
     const updatePosition = () => {
-      setTargetRect(targetRef?.current?.getBoundingClientRect());
+      const el = getRefElement(targetRef);
+      setTargetRect(el?.getBoundingClientRect());
     };
 
     const cleanup: (() => void)[] = [];
 
-    // Add listeners to all scrolling parents (window scroll handled by useWindowScroll)
     scrollingParents.forEach((parent) => {
       if (parent.addEventListener) {
         parent.addEventListener('scroll', updatePosition, { passive: true });
@@ -40,25 +62,18 @@ export const useScrollingParentsEffect = (
 };
 
 export const useResizingParentEffect = (
-  targetRef: React.RefObject<Pick<
-    HTMLDivElement,
-    'getBoundingClientRect' | 'contains'
-  > | null>,
+  targetRef: React.Ref<PopoverTargetElement | null>,
   setTargetRect: (rect: DOMRect | undefined) => void
 ) => {
   useEffect(() => {
-    // handles movement of target within a clipped container e.g. Drawer
-    if (!targetRef.current || typeof ResizeObserver === 'undefined') {
-      return;
-    }
-    const resizingParent = findResizingParent(
-      targetRef.current as unknown as HTMLElement
-    );
-    if (!resizingParent?.addEventListener) {
-      return;
-    }
+    const target = getRefElement(targetRef);
+    if (!target || typeof ResizeObserver === 'undefined') return;
+
+    const resizingParent = findResizingParent(getTargetAsElement(target)!);
+    if (!resizingParent?.addEventListener) return;
+
     const handler = () => {
-      setTargetRect(targetRef?.current?.getBoundingClientRect());
+      setTargetRect(getRefElement(targetRef)?.getBoundingClientRect());
     };
     const ro = new ResizeObserver(handler);
     ro.observe(resizingParent);
@@ -68,17 +83,14 @@ export const useResizingParentEffect = (
 
 /**
  * Memoizes the list of scrolling parent elements for a target element.
- * This avoids expensive DOM traversals and getComputedStyle calls on every render.
  * Returns an empty array if the target element is not available.
  */
 export const useScrollingParents = (
-  targetRef: React.RefObject<HTMLElement | null>
+  targetRef: React.Ref<PopoverTargetElement | null>
 ): HTMLElement[] => {
   return useMemo(() => {
-    if (!targetRef.current) {
-      return [];
-    }
-    return findAllAdditionalScrollingParents(targetRef.current);
-    // eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
-  }, [targetRef.current]);
+    const target = getRefElement(targetRef);
+    if (!target) return [];
+    return findAllAdditionalScrollingParents(getTargetAsElement(target)!);
+  }, [targetRef]);
 };
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/types.ts b/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/types.ts
index e573ddf2313..76935abe9fa 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/types.ts
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/types.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { RefObject } from 'react';
+import { Ref } from 'react';
 
 import { WithChildrenProp } from '../utils';
 
@@ -81,8 +81,9 @@ export interface PopoverContainerProps
   onRequestClose?: () => void;
   /**
    * The target element around which the popover will be positioned.
+   * Only ref objects (e.g. from useRef) are supported at runtime; RefCallback is not.
    */
-  targetRef: RefObject<TargetRef | null>;
+  targetRef: Ref<TargetRef | null>;
   /**
    * If true, it will allow outside page interaction. Popover container will still close when clicking outside of the popover or hitting the escape key.
    */
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Tip/shared/types.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Tip/shared/types.tsx
index 2d828c05292..32299dd678e 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Tip/shared/types.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Tip/shared/types.tsx
@@ -78,10 +78,8 @@ export type TipPlacementComponentProps = Omit<
   escapeKeyPressHandler?: (event: React.KeyboardEvent<HTMLDivElement>) => void;
   id?: string;
   isTipHidden?: boolean;
-  contentRef?:
-    | React.RefObject<HTMLDivElement | null>
-    | ((node: HTMLDivElement | null) => void);
+  contentRef?: React.Ref<HTMLDivElement | null>;
   type: 'info' | 'tool' | 'preview';
-  wrapperRef?: React.RefObject<HTMLDivElement | null>;
+  wrapperRef?: React.Ref<HTMLDivElement | null>;
   zIndex?: number;
 } & React.PropsWithChildren;

From fc66bcc5890c2c5183f5e1c9d39f2b001812f096 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: dreamwasp <cass.spain@skillsoft.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 11:51:22 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 06/10] type widening + formatting

---
 packages/gamut/src/Box/Box.tsx                           | 9 ++++++++-
 packages/gamut/src/Box/FlexBox.tsx                       | 9 ++++++++-
 packages/gamut/src/Box/GridBox.tsx                       | 9 ++++++++-
 .../gamut/src/ButtonBase/__tests__/ButtonBase.test.tsx   | 2 +-
 packages/gamut/src/Menu/MenuItem.tsx                     | 5 +----
 packages/gamut/src/Popover/types.tsx                     | 2 +-
 .../PopoverContainer/__tests__/PopoverContainer.test.tsx | 4 ++--
 packages/gamut/src/Tip/__tests__/helpers.tsx             | 7 +++++--
 8 files changed, 34 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Box/Box.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Box/Box.tsx
index da6263f7e9b..58d5cce18f4 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Box/Box.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Box/Box.tsx
@@ -1,11 +1,18 @@
 import { styledOptions } from '@codecademy/gamut-styles';
 import styled from '@emotion/styled';
+import { ComponentProps, ComponentType, Ref } from 'react';
 
 import { BoxProps, boxProps, sharedStates } from './props';
 
-export const Box = styled('div', styledOptions(['fit']))<BoxProps>(
+const BoxStyled = styled('div', styledOptions(['fit']))<BoxProps>(
   sharedStates,
   boxProps
 );
 
+export const Box = BoxStyled as ComponentType<
+  Omit<ComponentProps<typeof BoxStyled>, 'ref'> & {
+    ref?: Ref<HTMLElement | null>;
+  }
+>;
+
 export type { BoxProps } from './props';
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Box/FlexBox.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Box/FlexBox.tsx
index 8bb11d94fe1..c8bc2324da3 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Box/FlexBox.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Box/FlexBox.tsx
@@ -1,11 +1,18 @@
 import { css, styledOptions } from '@codecademy/gamut-styles';
 import styled from '@emotion/styled';
+import { ComponentProps, ComponentType, Ref } from 'react';
 
 import { boxProps, FlexBoxProps, flexStates, sharedStates } from './props';
 
-export const FlexBox = styled(
+const FlexBoxStyled = styled(
   'div',
   styledOptions(['fit', 'wrap', 'center', 'column', 'row', 'inline'])
 )<FlexBoxProps>(css({ display: 'flex' }), sharedStates, flexStates, boxProps);
 
+export const FlexBox = FlexBoxStyled as ComponentType<
+  Omit<ComponentProps<typeof FlexBoxStyled>, 'ref'> & {
+    ref?: Ref<HTMLElement | null>;
+  }
+>;
+
 export type { FlexBoxProps } from './props';
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Box/GridBox.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Box/GridBox.tsx
index b005a768020..4df4eda99a9 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Box/GridBox.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Box/GridBox.tsx
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 import { styledOptions, system } from '@codecademy/gamut-styles';
 import styled from '@emotion/styled';
+import { ComponentProps, ComponentType, Ref } from 'react';
 
 import { boxProps, GridBoxProps, gridStates, sharedStates } from './props';
 
-export const GridBox = styled(
+const GridBoxStyled = styled(
   'div',
   styledOptions(['fit', 'center', 'fitContent'])
 )<GridBoxProps>(
@@ -12,3 +13,9 @@ export const GridBox = styled(
   gridStates,
   boxProps
 );
+
+export const GridBox = GridBoxStyled as ComponentType<
+  Omit<ComponentProps<typeof GridBoxStyled>, 'ref'> & {
+    ref?: Ref<HTMLElement | null>;
+  }
+>;
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/ButtonBase/__tests__/ButtonBase.test.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/ButtonBase/__tests__/ButtonBase.test.tsx
index a6ed56503d2..60aea38e8a4 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/ButtonBase/__tests__/ButtonBase.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/ButtonBase/__tests__/ButtonBase.test.tsx
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ describe('ButtonBase', () => {
   it('forwards ref to the anchor when href is provided', () => {
     const ref = React.createRef<HTMLAnchorElement>();
     render(
-      <ButtonBase ref={ref} href="https://www.codecademy.com">
+      <ButtonBase href="https://www.codecademy.com" ref={ref}>
         {buttonText}
       </ButtonBase>
     );
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Menu/MenuItem.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Menu/MenuItem.tsx
index 9669ee51866..87010792494 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Menu/MenuItem.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Menu/MenuItem.tsx
@@ -60,10 +60,7 @@ interface MenuTextItem extends HTMLProps, ForwardListItemProps {
 
 type MenuItemTypes = MenuItemIconOnly | MenuTextItem;
 
-type MenuItemRefElement =
-  | HTMLLIElement
-  | HTMLAnchorElement
-  | HTMLButtonElement;
+type MenuItemRefElement = HTMLLIElement | HTMLAnchorElement | HTMLButtonElement;
 
 /**
  * Narrows the forwarded ref union to a specific element type for the current render branch.
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Popover/types.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Popover/types.tsx
index e563b60b0b4..be69f456b1a 100755
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Popover/types.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Popover/types.tsx
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ export type PopoverProps = PopoverBaseProps &
     /**
      * The PopoverContainer which contents will be rendered into.
      */
-    popoverContainerRef?: React.Ref<HTMLDivElement | null>;
+    popoverContainerRef?: React.Ref<HTMLElement | null>;
 
     /**
      * Whether to add width restrictions to Popover.
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/__tests__/PopoverContainer.test.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/__tests__/PopoverContainer.test.tsx
index 964b69673c9..ddd0c1505aa 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/__tests__/PopoverContainer.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/PopoverContainer/__tests__/PopoverContainer.test.tsx
@@ -97,8 +97,8 @@ describe('Popover', () => {
       const targetRef = React.useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
       return (
         <MockGamutProvider>
-          <div ref={targetRef} data-testid="popover-target" />
-          <PopoverContainer isOpen inline targetRef={targetRef}>
+          <div data-testid="popover-target" ref={targetRef} />
+          <PopoverContainer inline isOpen targetRef={targetRef}>
             <div data-testid="popover-content">Content</div>
           </PopoverContainer>
           <div data-testid="outside-popover">outside</div>
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Tip/__tests__/helpers.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Tip/__tests__/helpers.tsx
index 7f7461d2679..c8adbfbcaf2 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Tip/__tests__/helpers.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Tip/__tests__/helpers.tsx
@@ -419,7 +419,8 @@ export const openInfoTipsWithKeyboard = async ({
 }) => {
   const buttons = view.getAllByLabelText('Show information');
 
-  for (let i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
+  const openNext = async (i: number): Promise<void> => {
+    if (i >= count) return;
     await act(async () => {
       buttons[i].focus();
       await userEvent.keyboard('{Enter}');
@@ -427,7 +428,9 @@ export const openInfoTipsWithKeyboard = async ({
     await waitFor(() => {
       expect(buttons[i]).toHaveAttribute('aria-expanded', 'true');
     });
-  }
+    await openNext(i + 1);
+  };
+  await openNext(0);
 };
 
 export const expectTipsVisible = (tips: { text: string }[]) => {

From 3bb18db93b94478480970d469a171417a25000f9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: dreamwasp <cass.spain@skillsoft.com>
Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 12:00:57 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 07/10] revert type widening

---
 packages/gamut/src/Box/Box.tsx       | 9 +--------
 packages/gamut/src/Box/FlexBox.tsx   | 9 +--------
 packages/gamut/src/Box/GridBox.tsx   | 9 ++-------
 packages/gamut/src/Popover/types.tsx | 2 +-
 4 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Box/Box.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Box/Box.tsx
index 58d5cce18f4..da6263f7e9b 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Box/Box.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Box/Box.tsx
@@ -1,18 +1,11 @@
 import { styledOptions } from '@codecademy/gamut-styles';
 import styled from '@emotion/styled';
-import { ComponentProps, ComponentType, Ref } from 'react';
 
 import { BoxProps, boxProps, sharedStates } from './props';
 
-const BoxStyled = styled('div', styledOptions(['fit']))<BoxProps>(
+export const Box = styled('div', styledOptions(['fit']))<BoxProps>(
   sharedStates,
   boxProps
 );
 
-export const Box = BoxStyled as ComponentType<
-  Omit<ComponentProps<typeof BoxStyled>, 'ref'> & {
-    ref?: Ref<HTMLElement | null>;
-  }
->;
-
 export type { BoxProps } from './props';
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Box/FlexBox.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Box/FlexBox.tsx
index c8bc2324da3..8bb11d94fe1 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Box/FlexBox.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Box/FlexBox.tsx
@@ -1,18 +1,11 @@
 import { css, styledOptions } from '@codecademy/gamut-styles';
 import styled from '@emotion/styled';
-import { ComponentProps, ComponentType, Ref } from 'react';
 
 import { boxProps, FlexBoxProps, flexStates, sharedStates } from './props';
 
-const FlexBoxStyled = styled(
+export const FlexBox = styled(
   'div',
   styledOptions(['fit', 'wrap', 'center', 'column', 'row', 'inline'])
 )<FlexBoxProps>(css({ display: 'flex' }), sharedStates, flexStates, boxProps);
 
-export const FlexBox = FlexBoxStyled as ComponentType<
-  Omit<ComponentProps<typeof FlexBoxStyled>, 'ref'> & {
-    ref?: Ref<HTMLElement | null>;
-  }
->;
-
 export type { FlexBoxProps } from './props';
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Box/GridBox.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Box/GridBox.tsx
index 4df4eda99a9..67d562fb57c 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Box/GridBox.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Box/GridBox.tsx
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 import { styledOptions, system } from '@codecademy/gamut-styles';
 import styled from '@emotion/styled';
-import { ComponentProps, ComponentType, Ref } from 'react';
 
 import { boxProps, GridBoxProps, gridStates, sharedStates } from './props';
 
-const GridBoxStyled = styled(
+export const GridBox = styled(
   'div',
   styledOptions(['fit', 'center', 'fitContent'])
 )<GridBoxProps>(
@@ -14,8 +13,4 @@ const GridBoxStyled = styled(
   boxProps
 );
 
-export const GridBox = GridBoxStyled as ComponentType<
-  Omit<ComponentProps<typeof GridBoxStyled>, 'ref'> & {
-    ref?: Ref<HTMLElement | null>;
-  }
->;
+export type { GridBoxProps } from './props';
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Popover/types.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/Popover/types.tsx
index be69f456b1a..e563b60b0b4 100755
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Popover/types.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Popover/types.tsx
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ export type PopoverProps = PopoverBaseProps &
     /**
      * The PopoverContainer which contents will be rendered into.
      */
-    popoverContainerRef?: React.Ref<HTMLElement | null>;
+    popoverContainerRef?: React.Ref<HTMLDivElement | null>;
 
     /**
      * Whether to add width restrictions to Popover.

From 7117ecc04a3bfc283e8a43421da060cab3425b0e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: dreamwasp <cass.spain@skillsoft.com>
Date: Thu, 2 Apr 2026 16:59:13 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 08/10] test in ci

---
 .../src/__tests__/AssetProvider.test.tsx      |    3 -
 packages/gamut/src/BarChart/utils/hooks.ts    |    2 +-
 yarn.lock                                     | 1011 +----------------
 3 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 996 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/gamut-styles/src/__tests__/AssetProvider.test.tsx b/packages/gamut-styles/src/__tests__/AssetProvider.test.tsx
index 3da949a3428..f8fe24cc464 100644
--- a/packages/gamut-styles/src/__tests__/AssetProvider.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut-styles/src/__tests__/AssetProvider.test.tsx
@@ -4,11 +4,8 @@ import { render } from '@testing-library/react';
 
 import { AssetProvider, createFontLinks } from '../AssetProvider';
 import { coreTheme, percipioTheme } from '../themes';
-<<<<<<< HEAD
 import { getFontsMock } from './fontUtilsMock';
-=======
 import { setupRtl } from './testUtils';
->>>>>>> origin/main
 
 const renderView = setupRtl(AssetProvider, {});
 
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/BarChart/utils/hooks.ts b/packages/gamut/src/BarChart/utils/hooks.ts
index 7615648926a..a255e9d8d5a 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/BarChart/utils/hooks.ts
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/BarChart/utils/hooks.ts
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ const useMeasureWidth = ({
     }
 
     const element = ref.current;
-    const width = element.getBoundingClientRect().width;
+    const { width } = element.getBoundingClientRect();
 
     if (width > 0) {
       onMeasure(width);
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index 9684cc6c51e..9d672d952d1 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -67,13 +67,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@babel/compat-data@npm:^7.27.2":
-  version: 7.28.0
-  resolution: "@babel/compat-data@npm:7.28.0"
-  checksum: 10c0/c4e527302bcd61052423f757355a71c3bc62362bac13f7f130de16e439716f66091ff5bdecda418e8fa0271d4c725f860f0ee23ab7bf6e769f7a8bb16dfcb531
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "@babel/core@npm:7.12.9":
   version: 7.12.9
   resolution: "@babel/core@npm:7.12.9"
@@ -121,30 +114,7 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@babel/core@npm:^7.11.6, @babel/core@npm:^7.12.3, @babel/core@npm:^7.18.9, @babel/core@npm:^7.21.3, @babel/core@npm:^7.23.2, @babel/core@npm:^7.23.9, @babel/core@npm:^7.27.4":
-  version: 7.28.4
-  resolution: "@babel/core@npm:7.28.4"
-  dependencies:
-    "@babel/code-frame": "npm:^7.27.1"
-    "@babel/generator": "npm:^7.28.3"
-    "@babel/helper-compilation-targets": "npm:^7.27.2"
-    "@babel/helper-module-transforms": "npm:^7.28.3"
-    "@babel/helpers": "npm:^7.28.4"
-    "@babel/parser": "npm:^7.28.4"
-    "@babel/template": "npm:^7.27.2"
-    "@babel/traverse": "npm:^7.28.4"
-    "@babel/types": "npm:^7.28.4"
-    "@jridgewell/remapping": "npm:^2.3.5"
-    convert-source-map: "npm:^2.0.0"
-    debug: "npm:^4.1.0"
-    gensync: "npm:^1.0.0-beta.2"
-    json5: "npm:^2.2.3"
-    semver: "npm:^6.3.1"
-  checksum: 10c0/ef5a6c3c6bf40d3589b5593f8118cfe2602ce737412629fb6e26d595be2fcbaae0807b43027a5c42ec4fba5b895ff65891f2503b5918c8a3ea3542ab44d4c278
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
-"@babel/core@npm:^7.22.5, @babel/core@npm:^7.26.0, @babel/core@npm:^7.28.0, @babel/core@npm:^7.7.5":
+"@babel/core@npm:^7.11.6, @babel/core@npm:^7.12.3, @babel/core@npm:^7.18.9, @babel/core@npm:^7.21.3, @babel/core@npm:^7.22.5, @babel/core@npm:^7.23.2, @babel/core@npm:^7.23.9, @babel/core@npm:^7.26.0, @babel/core@npm:^7.27.4, @babel/core@npm:^7.28.0, @babel/core@npm:^7.7.5":
   version: 7.29.0
   resolution: "@babel/core@npm:7.29.0"
   dependencies:
@@ -167,20 +137,7 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@babel/generator@npm:^7.12.5, @babel/generator@npm:^7.24.7, @babel/generator@npm:^7.27.5, @babel/generator@npm:^7.28.3, @babel/generator@npm:^7.7.2":
-  version: 7.28.3
-  resolution: "@babel/generator@npm:7.28.3"
-  dependencies:
-    "@babel/parser": "npm:^7.28.3"
-    "@babel/types": "npm:^7.28.2"
-    "@jridgewell/gen-mapping": "npm:^0.3.12"
-    "@jridgewell/trace-mapping": "npm:^0.3.28"
-    jsesc: "npm:^3.0.2"
-  checksum: 10c0/0ff58bcf04f8803dcc29479b547b43b9b0b828ec1ee0668e92d79f9e90f388c28589056637c5ff2fd7bcf8d153c990d29c448d449d852bf9d1bc64753ca462bc
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
-"@babel/generator@npm:^7.22.5, @babel/generator@npm:^7.29.0":
+"@babel/generator@npm:^7.12.5, @babel/generator@npm:^7.22.5, @babel/generator@npm:^7.24.7, @babel/generator@npm:^7.27.5, @babel/generator@npm:^7.29.0, @babel/generator@npm:^7.7.2":
   version: 7.29.1
   resolution: "@babel/generator@npm:7.29.1"
   dependencies:
@@ -225,19 +182,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@babel/helper-compilation-targets@npm:^7.27.2":
-  version: 7.27.2
-  resolution: "@babel/helper-compilation-targets@npm:7.27.2"
-  dependencies:
-    "@babel/compat-data": "npm:^7.27.2"
-    "@babel/helper-validator-option": "npm:^7.27.1"
-    browserslist: "npm:^4.24.0"
-    lru-cache: "npm:^5.1.1"
-    semver: "npm:^6.3.1"
-  checksum: 10c0/f338fa00dcfea931804a7c55d1a1c81b6f0a09787e528ec580d5c21b3ecb3913f6cb0f361368973ce953b824d910d3ac3e8a8ee15192710d3563826447193ad1
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "@babel/helper-create-class-features-plugin@npm:^7.25.9":
   version: 7.25.9
   resolution: "@babel/helper-create-class-features-plugin@npm:7.25.9"
@@ -310,16 +254,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@babel/helper-module-imports@npm:^7.27.1":
-  version: 7.27.1
-  resolution: "@babel/helper-module-imports@npm:7.27.1"
-  dependencies:
-    "@babel/traverse": "npm:^7.27.1"
-    "@babel/types": "npm:^7.27.1"
-  checksum: 10c0/e00aace096e4e29290ff8648455c2bc4ed982f0d61dbf2db1b5e750b9b98f318bf5788d75a4f974c151bd318fd549e81dbcab595f46b14b81c12eda3023f51e8
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "@babel/helper-module-transforms@npm:^7.12.1, @babel/helper-module-transforms@npm:^7.24.7, @babel/helper-module-transforms@npm:^7.25.9, @babel/helper-module-transforms@npm:^7.28.6":
   version: 7.28.6
   resolution: "@babel/helper-module-transforms@npm:7.28.6"
@@ -333,19 +267,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@babel/helper-module-transforms@npm:^7.28.3":
-  version: 7.28.3
-  resolution: "@babel/helper-module-transforms@npm:7.28.3"
-  dependencies:
-    "@babel/helper-module-imports": "npm:^7.27.1"
-    "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "npm:^7.27.1"
-    "@babel/traverse": "npm:^7.28.3"
-  peerDependencies:
-    "@babel/core": ^7.0.0
-  checksum: 10c0/549be62515a6d50cd4cfefcab1b005c47f89bd9135a22d602ee6a5e3a01f27571868ada10b75b033569f24dc4a2bb8d04bfa05ee75c16da7ade2d0db1437fcdb
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "@babel/helper-optimise-call-expression@npm:^7.25.9":
   version: 7.25.9
   resolution: "@babel/helper-optimise-call-expression@npm:7.25.9"
@@ -362,20 +283,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@babel/helper-plugin-utils@npm:^7.0.0, @babel/helper-plugin-utils@npm:^7.10.4, @babel/helper-plugin-utils@npm:^7.12.13, @babel/helper-plugin-utils@npm:^7.14.5, @babel/helper-plugin-utils@npm:^7.18.6, @babel/helper-plugin-utils@npm:^7.22.5, @babel/helper-plugin-utils@npm:^7.25.9, @babel/helper-plugin-utils@npm:^7.8.0":
+"@babel/helper-plugin-utils@npm:^7.0.0, @babel/helper-plugin-utils@npm:^7.10.4, @babel/helper-plugin-utils@npm:^7.12.13, @babel/helper-plugin-utils@npm:^7.14.5, @babel/helper-plugin-utils@npm:^7.18.6, @babel/helper-plugin-utils@npm:^7.22.5, @babel/helper-plugin-utils@npm:^7.25.9, @babel/helper-plugin-utils@npm:^7.27.1, @babel/helper-plugin-utils@npm:^7.8.0":
   version: 7.28.6
   resolution: "@babel/helper-plugin-utils@npm:7.28.6"
   checksum: 10c0/3f5f8acc152fdbb69a84b8624145ff4f9b9f6e776cb989f9f968f8606eb7185c5c3cfcf3ba08534e37e1e0e1c118ac67080610333f56baa4f7376c99b5f1143d
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@babel/helper-plugin-utils@npm:^7.27.1":
-  version: 7.27.1
-  resolution: "@babel/helper-plugin-utils@npm:7.27.1"
-  checksum: 10c0/94cf22c81a0c11a09b197b41ab488d416ff62254ce13c57e62912c85700dc2e99e555225787a4099ff6bae7a1812d622c80fbaeda824b79baa10a6c5ac4cf69b
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "@babel/helper-remap-async-to-generator@npm:^7.25.9":
   version: 7.25.9
   resolution: "@babel/helper-remap-async-to-generator@npm:7.25.9"
@@ -436,13 +350,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@babel/helper-validator-identifier@npm:^7.27.1":
-  version: 7.27.1
-  resolution: "@babel/helper-validator-identifier@npm:7.27.1"
-  checksum: 10c0/c558f11c4871d526498e49d07a84752d1800bf72ac0d3dad100309a2eaba24efbf56ea59af5137ff15e3a00280ebe588560534b0e894a4750f8b1411d8f78b84
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "@babel/helper-validator-option@npm:^7.25.9, @babel/helper-validator-option@npm:^7.27.1":
   version: 7.27.1
   resolution: "@babel/helper-validator-option@npm:7.27.1"
@@ -471,16 +378,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@babel/helpers@npm:^7.28.4":
-  version: 7.28.4
-  resolution: "@babel/helpers@npm:7.28.4"
-  dependencies:
-    "@babel/template": "npm:^7.27.2"
-    "@babel/types": "npm:^7.28.4"
-  checksum: 10c0/aaa5fb8098926dfed5f223adf2c5e4c7fbba4b911b73dfec2d7d3083f8ba694d201a206db673da2d9b3ae8c01793e795767654558c450c8c14b4c2175b4fcb44
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "@babel/parser@npm:^7.1.0, @babel/parser@npm:^7.12.7, @babel/parser@npm:^7.14.7, @babel/parser@npm:^7.20.7, @babel/parser@npm:^7.23.9, @babel/parser@npm:^7.24.7, @babel/parser@npm:^7.28.6, @babel/parser@npm:^7.29.0":
   version: 7.29.2
   resolution: "@babel/parser@npm:7.29.2"
@@ -492,17 +389,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@babel/parser@npm:^7.27.2, @babel/parser@npm:^7.28.3, @babel/parser@npm:^7.28.4":
-  version: 7.28.4
-  resolution: "@babel/parser@npm:7.28.4"
-  dependencies:
-    "@babel/types": "npm:^7.28.4"
-  bin:
-    parser: ./bin/babel-parser.js
-  checksum: 10c0/58b239a5b1477ac7ed7e29d86d675cc81075ca055424eba6485872626db2dc556ce63c45043e5a679cd925e999471dba8a3ed4864e7ab1dbf64306ab72c52707
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "@babel/plugin-bugfix-firefox-class-in-computed-class-key@npm:^7.25.9":
   version: 7.25.9
   resolution: "@babel/plugin-bugfix-firefox-class-in-computed-class-key@npm:7.25.9"
@@ -1639,18 +1525,7 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@babel/template@npm:^7.12.7, @babel/template@npm:^7.24.7, @babel/template@npm:^7.25.9, @babel/template@npm:^7.27.2, @babel/template@npm:^7.3.3":
-  version: 7.27.2
-  resolution: "@babel/template@npm:7.27.2"
-  dependencies:
-    "@babel/code-frame": "npm:^7.27.1"
-    "@babel/parser": "npm:^7.27.2"
-    "@babel/types": "npm:^7.27.1"
-  checksum: 10c0/ed9e9022651e463cc5f2cc21942f0e74544f1754d231add6348ff1b472985a3b3502041c0be62dc99ed2d12cfae0c51394bf827452b98a2f8769c03b87aadc81
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
-"@babel/template@npm:^7.22.5, @babel/template@npm:^7.28.6":
+"@babel/template@npm:^7.12.7, @babel/template@npm:^7.22.5, @babel/template@npm:^7.24.7, @babel/template@npm:^7.25.9, @babel/template@npm:^7.28.6, @babel/template@npm:^7.3.3":
   version: 7.28.6
   resolution: "@babel/template@npm:7.28.6"
   dependencies:
@@ -1676,32 +1551,7 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@babel/traverse@npm:^7.27.1, @babel/traverse@npm:^7.28.3, @babel/traverse@npm:^7.28.4":
-  version: 7.28.4
-  resolution: "@babel/traverse@npm:7.28.4"
-  dependencies:
-    "@babel/code-frame": "npm:^7.27.1"
-    "@babel/generator": "npm:^7.28.3"
-    "@babel/helper-globals": "npm:^7.28.0"
-    "@babel/parser": "npm:^7.28.4"
-    "@babel/template": "npm:^7.27.2"
-    "@babel/types": "npm:^7.28.4"
-    debug: "npm:^4.3.1"
-  checksum: 10c0/ee678fdd49c9f54a32e07e8455242390d43ce44887cea6567b233fe13907b89240c377e7633478a32c6cf1be0e17c2f7f3b0c59f0666e39c5074cc47b968489c
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
-"@babel/types@npm:^7.0.0, @babel/types@npm:^7.12.6, @babel/types@npm:^7.12.7, @babel/types@npm:^7.18.9, @babel/types@npm:^7.20.7, @babel/types@npm:^7.21.3, @babel/types@npm:^7.24.7, @babel/types@npm:^7.25.9, @babel/types@npm:^7.27.1, @babel/types@npm:^7.27.3, @babel/types@npm:^7.28.2, @babel/types@npm:^7.28.4, @babel/types@npm:^7.3.3, @babel/types@npm:^7.4.4":
-  version: 7.28.4
-  resolution: "@babel/types@npm:7.28.4"
-  dependencies:
-    "@babel/helper-string-parser": "npm:^7.27.1"
-    "@babel/helper-validator-identifier": "npm:^7.27.1"
-  checksum: 10c0/ac6f909d6191319e08c80efbfac7bd9a25f80cc83b43cd6d82e7233f7a6b9d6e7b90236f3af7400a3f83b576895bcab9188a22b584eb0f224e80e6d4e95f4517
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
-"@babel/types@npm:^7.22.5, @babel/types@npm:^7.28.6, @babel/types@npm:^7.29.0":
+"@babel/types@npm:^7.0.0, @babel/types@npm:^7.12.6, @babel/types@npm:^7.12.7, @babel/types@npm:^7.18.9, @babel/types@npm:^7.20.7, @babel/types@npm:^7.21.3, @babel/types@npm:^7.22.5, @babel/types@npm:^7.24.7, @babel/types@npm:^7.25.9, @babel/types@npm:^7.27.3, @babel/types@npm:^7.28.2, @babel/types@npm:^7.28.6, @babel/types@npm:^7.29.0, @babel/types@npm:^7.3.3, @babel/types@npm:^7.4.4":
   version: 7.29.0
   resolution: "@babel/types@npm:7.29.0"
   dependencies:
@@ -2686,20 +2536,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@jest/console@npm:30.0.5":
-  version: 30.0.5
-  resolution: "@jest/console@npm:30.0.5"
-  dependencies:
-    "@jest/types": "npm:30.0.5"
-    "@types/node": "npm:*"
-    chalk: "npm:^4.1.2"
-    jest-message-util: "npm:30.0.5"
-    jest-util: "npm:30.0.5"
-    slash: "npm:^3.0.0"
-  checksum: 10c0/1400e9ee281dd070f543f8f8696b9aca4ba1f81d5cbfb3cae030664012ff5961c76ac2c8ccee172e416e15f88af3b10840548adbee4de0ec63100d44416b17ef
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "@jest/console@npm:30.3.0":
   version: 30.3.0
   resolution: "@jest/console@npm:30.3.0"
@@ -2818,13 +2654,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"@jest/diff-sequences@npm:30.0.1":
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-  resolution: "@jest/diff-sequences@npm:30.0.1"
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-  dependencies:
-    "@jest/types": "npm:30.0.5"
-    "@types/node": "npm:*"
-    chalk: "npm:^4.1.2"
-    ci-info: "npm:^4.2.0"
-    graceful-fs: "npm:^4.2.11"
-    picomatch: "npm:^4.0.2"
-  checksum: 10c0/d3808b5f7720044d0464664c795e2b795ed82edf3b5871db74b8b603c3a0a38107668730348d26f92920ca3b8245a99cbbc2c93e77d0abb1f5e27524079a4ba8
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "jest-util@npm:30.3.0, jest-util@npm:^30.0.2":
   version: 30.3.0
   resolution: "jest-util@npm:30.3.0"
@@ -16601,20 +15802,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"jest-validate@npm:30.0.5":
-  version: 30.0.5
-  resolution: "jest-validate@npm:30.0.5"
-  dependencies:
-    "@jest/get-type": "npm:30.0.1"
-    "@jest/types": "npm:30.0.5"
-    camelcase: "npm:^6.3.0"
-    chalk: "npm:^4.1.2"
-    leven: "npm:^3.1.0"
-    pretty-format: "npm:30.0.5"
-  checksum: 10c0/739a5df57befd763ba40693c9c1d7e93234af44ca21226a42272fbf87dea076a23848072b46871ce02cc0f2614f8ad41542e98965b405320276102b4de35b063
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "jest-validate@npm:30.3.0":
   version: 30.3.0
   resolution: "jest-validate@npm:30.3.0"
@@ -16660,22 +15847,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"jest-watcher@npm:30.0.5":
-  version: 30.0.5
-  resolution: "jest-watcher@npm:30.0.5"
-  dependencies:
-    "@jest/test-result": "npm:30.0.5"
-    "@jest/types": "npm:30.0.5"
-    "@types/node": "npm:*"
-    ansi-escapes: "npm:^4.3.2"
-    chalk: "npm:^4.1.2"
-    emittery: "npm:^0.13.1"
-    jest-util: "npm:30.0.5"
-    string-length: "npm:^4.0.2"
-  checksum: 10c0/5c26617c53e6314e2143806cbc8c1cdca7100cc8de3241c7debf7b5feb0df17bdc9a92ee4a4efa953a261d8806ffd7f6c89e72d567236e62492dd554eaa91f97
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "jest-watcher@npm:30.3.0, jest-watcher@npm:^30.0.0":
   version: 30.3.0
   resolution: "jest-watcher@npm:30.3.0"
@@ -16708,19 +15879,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"jest-worker@npm:30.0.5":
-  version: 30.0.5
-  resolution: "jest-worker@npm:30.0.5"
-  dependencies:
-    "@types/node": "npm:*"
-    "@ungap/structured-clone": "npm:^1.3.0"
-    jest-util: "npm:30.0.5"
-    merge-stream: "npm:^2.0.0"
-    supports-color: "npm:^8.1.1"
-  checksum: 10c0/50a724b39b8691168a456544f32ef8e937c827cd6d326fa0bc27df786c80af1e1f16d9f2d9cc800af4baac85a0f9e9ed78fbd4a06f13eb32e72ec66d11b85f38
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "jest-worker@npm:30.3.0, jest-worker@npm:^30.0.5":
   version: 30.3.0
   resolution: "jest-worker@npm:30.3.0"
@@ -17242,13 +16400,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"loader-runner@npm:^4.2.0":
-  version: 4.3.0
-  resolution: "loader-runner@npm:4.3.0"
-  checksum: 10c0/a44d78aae0907a72f73966fe8b82d1439c8c485238bd5a864b1b9a2a3257832effa858790241e6b37876b5446a78889adf2fcc8dd897ce54c089ecc0a0ce0bf0
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "loader-runner@npm:^4.3.1":
   version: 4.3.1
   resolution: "loader-runner@npm:4.3.1"
@@ -19736,17 +18887,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"pretty-format@npm:30.0.5":
-  version: 30.0.5
-  resolution: "pretty-format@npm:30.0.5"
-  dependencies:
-    "@jest/schemas": "npm:30.0.5"
-    ansi-styles: "npm:^5.2.0"
-    react-is: "npm:^18.3.1"
-  checksum: 10c0/9f6cf1af5c3169093866c80adbfdad32f69c692b62f24ba3ca8cdec8519336123323f896396f9fa40346a41b197c5f6be15aec4d8620819f12496afaaca93f81
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "pretty-format@npm:30.3.0":
   version: 30.3.0
   resolution: "pretty-format@npm:30.3.0"
@@ -19950,15 +19090,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"randombytes@npm:^2.1.0":
-  version: 2.1.0
-  resolution: "randombytes@npm:2.1.0"
-  dependencies:
-    safe-buffer: "npm:^5.1.0"
-  checksum: 10c0/50395efda7a8c94f5dffab564f9ff89736064d32addf0cc7e8bf5e4166f09f8ded7a0849ca6c2d2a59478f7d90f78f20d8048bca3cdf8be09d8e8a10790388f3
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "range-parser@npm:^1.2.1, range-parser@npm:~1.2.1":
   version: 1.2.1
   resolution: "range-parser@npm:1.2.1"
@@ -21113,7 +20244,7 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"safe-buffer@npm:5.2.1, safe-buffer@npm:>=5.1.0, safe-buffer@npm:^5.1.0, safe-buffer@npm:~5.2.0":
+"safe-buffer@npm:5.2.1, safe-buffer@npm:>=5.1.0, safe-buffer@npm:~5.2.0":
   version: 5.2.1
   resolution: "safe-buffer@npm:5.2.1"
   checksum: 10c0/6501914237c0a86e9675d4e51d89ca3c21ffd6a31642efeba25ad65720bce6921c9e7e974e5be91a786b25aa058b5303285d3c15dbabf983a919f5f630d349f3
@@ -21462,18 +20593,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"schema-utils@npm:^4.3.2":
-  version: 4.3.2
-  resolution: "schema-utils@npm:4.3.2"
-  dependencies:
-    "@types/json-schema": "npm:^7.0.9"
-    ajv: "npm:^8.9.0"
-    ajv-formats: "npm:^2.1.1"
-    ajv-keywords: "npm:^5.1.0"
-  checksum: 10c0/981632f9bf59f35b15a9bcdac671dd183f4946fe4b055ae71a301e66a9797b95e5dd450de581eb6cca56fb6583ce8f24d67b2d9f8e1b2936612209697f6c277e
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "screenfull@npm:^5.0.0":
   version: 5.2.0
   resolution: "screenfull@npm:5.2.0"
@@ -21573,15 +20692,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"serialize-javascript@npm:^6.0.2":
-  version: 6.0.2
-  resolution: "serialize-javascript@npm:6.0.2"
-  dependencies:
-    randombytes: "npm:^2.1.0"
-  checksum: 10c0/2dd09ef4b65a1289ba24a788b1423a035581bef60817bea1f01eda8e3bda623f86357665fe7ac1b50f6d4f583f97db9615b3f07b2a2e8cbcb75033965f771dd2
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "serialize-javascript@npm:^7.0.3":
   version: 7.0.4
   resolution: "serialize-javascript@npm:7.0.4"
@@ -22649,20 +21759,13 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"tapable@npm:2.3.0, tapable@npm:^2.3.0":
+"tapable@npm:2.3.0, tapable@npm:^2.0.0, tapable@npm:^2.2.1, tapable@npm:^2.3.0":
   version: 2.3.0
   resolution: "tapable@npm:2.3.0"
   checksum: 10c0/cb9d67cc2c6a74dedc812ef3085d9d681edd2c1fa18e4aef57a3c0605fdbe44e6b8ea00bd9ef21bc74dd45314e39d31227aa031ebf2f5e38164df514136f2681
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"tapable@npm:^2.0.0, tapable@npm:^2.1.1, tapable@npm:^2.2.0, tapable@npm:^2.2.1":
-  version: 2.2.1
-  resolution: "tapable@npm:2.2.1"
-  checksum: 10c0/bc40e6efe1e554d075469cedaba69a30eeb373552aaf41caeaaa45bf56ffacc2674261b106245bd566b35d8f3329b52d838e851ee0a852120acae26e622925c9
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "tar-stream@npm:~2.2.0":
   version: 2.2.0
   resolution: "tar-stream@npm:2.2.0"
@@ -22703,28 +21806,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"terser-webpack-plugin@npm:^5.3.11":
-  version: 5.3.14
-  resolution: "terser-webpack-plugin@npm:5.3.14"
-  dependencies:
-    "@jridgewell/trace-mapping": "npm:^0.3.25"
-    jest-worker: "npm:^27.4.5"
-    schema-utils: "npm:^4.3.0"
-    serialize-javascript: "npm:^6.0.2"
-    terser: "npm:^5.31.1"
-  peerDependencies:
-    webpack: ^5.1.0
-  peerDependenciesMeta:
-    "@swc/core":
-      optional: true
-    esbuild:
-      optional: true
-    uglify-js:
-      optional: true
-  checksum: 10c0/9b060947241af43bd6fd728456f60e646186aef492163672a35ad49be6fbc7f63b54a7356c3f6ff40a8f83f00a977edc26f044b8e106cc611c053c8c0eaf8569
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "terser-webpack-plugin@npm:^5.3.14, terser-webpack-plugin@npm:^5.3.17, terser-webpack-plugin@npm:^5.3.3":
   version: 5.4.0
   resolution: "terser-webpack-plugin@npm:5.4.0"
@@ -23845,16 +22926,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"watchpack@npm:^2.4.1":
-  version: 2.4.2
-  resolution: "watchpack@npm:2.4.2"
-  dependencies:
-    glob-to-regexp: "npm:^0.4.1"
-    graceful-fs: "npm:^4.1.2"
-  checksum: 10c0/ec60a5f0e9efaeca0102fd9126346b3b2d523e01c34030d3fddf5813a7125765121ebdc2552981136dcd2c852deb1af0b39340f2fcc235f292db5399d0283577
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "watchpack@npm:^2.5.1":
   version: 2.5.1
   resolution: "watchpack@npm:2.5.1"
@@ -24004,13 +23075,6 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"webpack-sources@npm:^3.2.3":
-  version: 3.2.3
-  resolution: "webpack-sources@npm:3.2.3"
-  checksum: 10c0/2ef63d77c4fad39de4a6db17323d75eb92897b32674e97d76f0a1e87c003882fc038571266ad0ef581ac734cbe20952912aaa26155f1905e96ce251adbb1eb4e
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
 "webpack-subresource-integrity@npm:^5.1.0":
   version: 5.1.0
   resolution: "webpack-subresource-integrity@npm:5.1.0"
@@ -24033,44 +23097,7 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: node
   linkType: hard
 
-"webpack@npm:5":
-  version: 5.99.9
-  resolution: "webpack@npm:5.99.9"
-  dependencies:
-    "@types/eslint-scope": "npm:^3.7.7"
-    "@types/estree": "npm:^1.0.6"
-    "@types/json-schema": "npm:^7.0.15"
-    "@webassemblyjs/ast": "npm:^1.14.1"
-    "@webassemblyjs/wasm-edit": "npm:^1.14.1"
-    "@webassemblyjs/wasm-parser": "npm:^1.14.1"
-    acorn: "npm:^8.14.0"
-    browserslist: "npm:^4.24.0"
-    chrome-trace-event: "npm:^1.0.2"
-    enhanced-resolve: "npm:^5.17.1"
-    es-module-lexer: "npm:^1.2.1"
-    eslint-scope: "npm:5.1.1"
-    events: "npm:^3.2.0"
-    glob-to-regexp: "npm:^0.4.1"
-    graceful-fs: "npm:^4.2.11"
-    json-parse-even-better-errors: "npm:^2.3.1"
-    loader-runner: "npm:^4.2.0"
-    mime-types: "npm:^2.1.27"
-    neo-async: "npm:^2.6.2"
-    schema-utils: "npm:^4.3.2"
-    tapable: "npm:^2.1.1"
-    terser-webpack-plugin: "npm:^5.3.11"
-    watchpack: "npm:^2.4.1"
-    webpack-sources: "npm:^3.2.3"
-  peerDependenciesMeta:
-    webpack-cli:
-      optional: true
-  bin:
-    webpack: bin/webpack.js
-  checksum: 10c0/34ec3f19b50bccaf27929e5e5b901b25047f2d414acba7d0967dc98eb4f404d107fb1a4b63095edbca2b006ff5815f1720b131e10b20664b074dfc86b7ffa717
-  languageName: node
-  linkType: hard
-
-"webpack@npm:^5.101.3":
+"webpack@npm:5, webpack@npm:^5.101.3":
   version: 5.105.4
   resolution: "webpack@npm:5.105.4"
   dependencies:

From d78affa611dfdad8c0996970e8dddedf0f2eabeb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: dreamwasp <cass.spain@skillsoft.com>
Date: Fri, 3 Apr 2026 09:06:53 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 09/10] start fixing test failures

---
 .../__tests__/FeatureShimmer.test.tsx         |  1 +
 .../__snapshots__/utils.test.tsx.snap         | 80 ++++++++++++-------
 2 files changed, 53 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-)

diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/FeatureShimmer/__tests__/FeatureShimmer.test.tsx b/packages/gamut/src/FeatureShimmer/__tests__/FeatureShimmer.test.tsx
index c5bb6d7704a..5f1bb550589 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/FeatureShimmer/__tests__/FeatureShimmer.test.tsx
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/FeatureShimmer/__tests__/FeatureShimmer.test.tsx
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ describe('FeatureShimmer', () => {
   beforeEach(() => {
     mockIntersectionObserver.mockReturnValue({
       observe: jest.fn(),
+      unobserve: jest.fn(),
       disconnect: jest.fn(),
     });
     window.IntersectionObserver = mockIntersectionObserver;
diff --git a/packages/gamut/src/Form/__tests__/__snapshots__/utils.test.tsx.snap b/packages/gamut/src/Form/__tests__/__snapshots__/utils.test.tsx.snap
index 2690797df50..6db6a89db06 100644
--- a/packages/gamut/src/Form/__tests__/__snapshots__/utils.test.tsx.snap
+++ b/packages/gamut/src/Form/__tests__/__snapshots__/utils.test.tsx.snap
@@ -2,39 +2,63 @@
 
 exports[`parseSelectOptions creates an option list 1`] = `
 [
-  <option
-    data-testid="test-val"
-    label="Value"
-    value="val"
-  >
-    Value
-  </option>,
-  <option
-    data-testid="test-val2"
-    label="Value 2"
-    value="val2"
-  >
-    Value 2
-  </option>,
+  {
+    "$$typeof": Symbol(react.transitional.element),
+    "_owner": null,
+    "_store": {},
+    "key": "test-val",
+    "props": {
+      "children": "Value",
+      "data-testid": "test-val",
+      "label": "Value",
+      "value": "val",
+    },
+    "type": "option",
+  },
+  {
+    "$$typeof": Symbol(react.transitional.element),
+    "_owner": null,
+    "_store": {},
+    "key": "test-val2",
+    "props": {
+      "children": "Value 2",
+      "data-testid": "test-val2",
+      "label": "Value 2",
+      "value": "val2",
+    },
+    "type": "option",
+  },
 ]
 `;
 
 exports[`parseSelectOptions creates an option list 2`] = `
 [
-  <option
-    data-testid="test-val"
-    label="val"
-    value="val"
-  >
-    val
-  </option>,
-  <option
-    data-testid="test-val2"
-    label="val2"
-    value="val2"
-  >
-    val2
-  </option>,
+  {
+    "$$typeof": Symbol(react.transitional.element),
+    "_owner": null,
+    "_store": {},
+    "key": "test-val",
+    "props": {
+      "children": "val",
+      "data-testid": "test-val",
+      "label": "val",
+      "value": "val",
+    },
+    "type": "option",
+  },
+  {
+    "$$typeof": Symbol(react.transitional.element),
+    "_owner": null,
+    "_store": {},
+    "key": "test-val2",
+    "props": {
+      "children": "val2",
+      "data-testid": "test-val2",
+      "label": "val2",
+      "value": "val2",
+    },
+    "type": "option",
+  },
 ]
 `;
 

From ad2809d22a92241543c6297e8f9fd40d98d574a2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: dreamwasp <cass.spain@skillsoft.com>
Date: Fri, 3 Apr 2026 09:16:17 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 10/10] add release plan

---
 .nx/version-plans/version-plan-1775222101294.md | 11 +++++++++++
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .nx/version-plans/version-plan-1775222101294.md

diff --git a/.nx/version-plans/version-plan-1775222101294.md b/.nx/version-plans/version-plan-1775222101294.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..eb5fc9a63f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.nx/version-plans/version-plan-1775222101294.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+---
+gamut-illustrations: major
+gamut-patterns: major
+gamut-styles: major
+gamut-icons: major
+gamut-tests: major
+variance: major
+gamut: major
+---
+
+Update to React 19 compatibility