diff --git a/forecasting_tools/ai_models/general_llm.py b/forecasting_tools/ai_models/general_llm.py
index e60783b9..cbe5c140 100644
--- a/forecasting_tools/ai_models/general_llm.py
+++ b/forecasting_tools/ai_models/general_llm.py
@@ -359,9 +359,10 @@ def _extract_citations(
             return typeguard.check_type(citations, list[str])
 
         # OpenRouter returns Perplexity citations as url_citation annotations
-        # rather than in model_extra["citations"]. URLs may be duplicated
-        # (e.g. once with titles, once without). We deduplicate while
-        # preserving first-seen order so urls[i] corresponds to [i+1].
+        # rather than in model_extra["citations"]. Annotations may arrive as
+        # dicts (older SDKs) or pydantic objects (newer SDKs). URLs may be
+        # duplicated (e.g. once with titles, once without). We deduplicate
+        # while preserving first-seen order so urls[i] corresponds to [i+1].
         message = choices[0].message
         annotations = getattr(message, "annotations", None)
         if not annotations:
@@ -369,6 +370,8 @@ def _extract_citations(
         seen: set[str] = set()
         unique_urls: list[str] = []
         for annotation in annotations:
+            if hasattr(annotation, "model_dump"):
+                annotation = annotation.model_dump()
             if not isinstance(annotation, dict):
                 continue
             if annotation.get("type") != "url_citation":