p7.py

#Dictionaries intro
#Q - why we use dictionaries?
#A - Because of limitation of lists, lists are not enough to represent
#real data
#secondly, dictinaries are unordered collection of data-----> means not indexing and data in kay:value pair


#create dictionary
# 1) first method
user={'name':'Ravin','age':22}
print(user)                        #o/p:{'name': 'Ravin', 'age': 22}
   
# 2) second method
user1=dict(name='Ravin',age=22)
print(user1)                         #o/p:{'name': 'Ravin', 'age': 22}




#access data in dictionary
#unorderd collection of data, so we can't access by indexing
#as a result, we can access data by using key
print(user1['name'])                               #o/p:Ravin
print(user1['age'])                                #o/p:22

# we can store anything inside dictionary....



# add data in deictionary
user_in={}
user_in['name']='Ravin'
user_in['age']=22
print(user_in)



#create the dictionaries
user_info={
    'name':'Ravin',
    'age':22,
    'fav_movie':['3 iditos','gangajal'],
    'fav_song':['kal ho na ho','kata laga'],
    'fav_sub':{'science':'drawing'}
}
print(user_info)               #o/p:{'name': 'Ravin', 'age': 22, 'fav_movie': ['3 iditos', 'gangajal'], 'fav_song': ['kal ho na ho', 'kata laga'], 'fav_sub': {'science': 'drawing'}}
print(user_info['fav_movie'])  #o/p:['3 iditos', 'gangajal']
print(user_info['fav_sub'])    #o/p:{'science': 'drawing'}   


users={
    'user1':{
        'name':'Ravin',
        'age':22,
        'l_name':'Rakholiya',
    },
    'user2':{
        'name':'Ravin1',
        'age':21,
        'l_name':'Rakholiya1',
    },
    'user3':{
        'name':'Ravin3',
        'age':24,
        'l_name':'Rakholiya3',
    }
}
print(users)     #o/p:{'user1': {'name': 'Ravin', 'age': 22, 'l_name': 'Rakholiya'}, 'user2': {'name': 'Ravin1', 'age': 21, 'l_name': 'Rakholiya1'}, 'user3': {'name': 'Ravin3', 'age': 24, 'l_name': 'Rakholiya3'}}
print(users['user2'])   #o/p:{'name': 'Ravin1', 'age': 21, 'l_name': 'Rakholiya1'}





#add data in empty dictionary
user_in={}
user_in['name']="Rebel"
print(user_in)                #o/p:{'name': 'Rebel'}
user_in['age']=23
print(user_in)                #o/p:{'name': 'Rebel', 'age': 23}




# In keyword and iteration in dictionary

user_info={
    'name':'Ravin',
    'age':22,
    'fav_movie':['3 iditos','gangajal'],
    'fav_song':['kal ho na ho','kata laga'],
    'fav_sub':{'science':'drawing'}
}


# check if key exist in dictionary  (only use in for checking by keys)
if 'name' in user_info:
    print("present")
else:
    print("not present")

# o/p: present




# check if value exist in dictionary  (here we have to use in keyword + dictionary name with values())
if 22 in user_info.values():
    print("present")
else:
    print("Not present")

# o/p: present


if ['kal ho na ho','kata laga'] in user_info.values():
    print("present")
else:
    print("Not present")

# o/p: present





# looping in dictionary
for i in user_info:
    print(i)

# o/p:  name
#       age
#       fav_movie
#       fav_song
#       fav_sub





for i in user_info.values():
    print(i)

# o/p: Ravin
#      22
#      ['3 iditos', 'gangajal']
#      ['kal ho na ho', 'kata laga']
#      {'science': 'drawing'}






for i in user_info:
    print(user_info[i])

# o/p: Ravin
#      22
#      ['3 iditos', 'gangajal']
#      ['kal ho na ho', 'kata laga']
#      {'science': 'drawing'}






# Values method
user_info_dict_value=user_info.values()
print(user_info_dict_value)        # o/p: dict_values(['Ravin', 22, ['3 iditos', 'gangajal'], ['kal ho na ho', 'kata laga'], {'science': 'drawing'}])
print(type(user_info_dict_value))  # o/p: <class 'dict_values'>





# Keys method
user_info_dict_keys=user_info.keys()
print(user_info_dict_keys)        # o/p: dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'fav_movie', 'fav_song', 'fav_sub'])
print(type(user_info_dict_keys))  # o/p: <class 'dict_keys'>








# Items methos
user_item=user_info.items()
print(user_item)              # o/p: dict_items([('name', 'Ravin'), ('age', 22), ('fav_movie', ['3 iditos', 'gangajal']), ('fav_song', ['kal ho na ho', 'kata laga']), ('fav_sub', {'science': 'drawing'})])
print(type(user_item))        # o/p: <class 'dict_items'>


for key, value in user_info.items():
    print(f'key is {key} and value is {value}')

# o/p:   key is name and value is Ravin
#        key is age and value is 22
#        key is fav_movie and value is ['3 iditos', 'gangajal']
#        key is fav_song and value is ['kal ho na ho', 'kata laga']
#        key is fav_sub and value is {'science': 'drawing'}









# Add and Delete data

# ADD
user_info['user_tune']=['tune 1','tune 2']
print(user_info)                  # o/p: {'name': 'Ravin', 'age': 22, 'fav_movie': ['3 iditos', 'gangajal'], 'fav_song': ['kal ho na ho', 'kata laga'], 'fav_sub': {'science': 'drawing'}, 'user_tune': ['tune 1', 'tune 2']}





#DELETE
popped_item=user_info.pop('user_tune')
print(f'pop item is{popped_item}') # o/p: pop item is['tune 1', 'tune 2']---------->list
print(user_info)                   # o/p: {'name': 'Ravin', 'age': 22, 'fav_movie': ['3 iditos', 'gangajal'], 'fav_song': ['kal ho na ho', 'kata laga'], 'fav_sub': {'science': 'drawing'}}




#  popped item (      rendomly pop)
popped_item1=user_info.popitem()
print(popped_item1)                  # o/p: ('user_tune', ['tune 1', 'tune 2'])-----------------> tuple
print(user_info)                     # o/p: {'name': 'Ravin', 'age': 22, 'fav_movie': ['3 iditos', 'gangajal'], 'fav_song': ['kal ho na ho', 'kata laga'], 'fav_sub': {'science': 'drawing'}}
print(type(popped_item1))            # o/p: <class 'tuple'>










# update() mathod
more_info={'State':['Gujarat','Maharashtra'],'Dist':['Junagadh','Surat']}
user_info.update(more_info)
print(user_info)                   # o/p: {'name': 'Ravin', 'age': 22, 'fav_movie': ['3 iditos', 'gangajal'], 'fav_song': ['kal ho na ho', 'kata laga'], 'fav_sub': {'science': 'drawing'}, 'State': ['Gujarat', 'Maharashtra'], 'Dist': ['Junagadh', 'Surat']}

more_info1={'name':'Ravin Rakholiya'}
user_info.update(more_info1)
print(user_info)                   # o/p: {'name': 'Ravin Rakholiya', 'age': 22, 'fav_movie': ['3 iditos', 'gangajal'], 'fav_song': ['kal ho na ho', 'kata laga'], 'fav_sub': {'science': 'drawing'}, 'State': ['Gujarat', 'Maharashtra'], 'Dist': ['Junagadh', 'Surat']}

user_info.update({})                # it will not be affected
print(user_info)                     # o/p: {'name': 'Ravin', 'age': 22, 'fav_movie': ['3 iditos', 'gangajal'], 'fav_song': ['kal ho na ho', 'kata laga'], 'fav_sub': {'science': 'drawing'}}










# fromkeys, get, clear, copy method


# Fromkeys--------> used for creating dictionary

d={'name':'unknown','age':'unknown'}

d=dict.fromkeys(['name','age','height'],'unknown')
print(d)                                   # o/p: {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'height': 'unknown'}

d1=dict.fromkeys(('name','age','height'),'unknown')
print(d1)                                  # o/p: {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'height': 'unknown'}


d2=dict.fromkeys("abc",'unknown')
print(d2)                                  # o/p: {'a': 'unknown', 'b': 'unknown', 'c': 'unknown'}

d3=dict.fromkeys(range(1,11),"unknown")
print(d3)                                  # o/p: {1: 'unknown', 2: 'unknown', 3: 'unknown', 4: 'unknown', 5: 'unknown', 6: 'unknown', 7: 'unknown', 8: 'unknown', 9: 'unknown', 10: 'unknown'}

d4=dict.fromkeys(('name','age'),['unknown','unknown'])
print(d4)                                  # o/p: {'name': ['unknown', 'unknown'], 'age': ['unknown', 'unknown']}





# Get() Methos (Useful)
print(d['name'])                      #o/p: unknown
# print(d['names'])                     #o/p: Keyerror

print(d.get('name'))                  #o/p: unknown
print(d.get('names'))                 #o/p: None




if 'name' in d:
    print("present")
else:
    print("not present")              #o/p: present


if d.get('name'):
    print('present')
else:
    print('not present')              #o/p: present


if d.get('names'):
    print('present')
else:
    print('not present')              #o/p: not present

# if None-----> false









# clear() method------> used for clearing dictionary
d.clear()
print(d)                  #o/p: {}







# Copy() method
d5=d1.copy()
print(d5)                #o/p: {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'height': 'unknown'}

#  here, d5=d1 and d5=d1.copy() are not same, in the case of d5=d1, when we will work with d5, the values of d1 also will change, while in other case(d5=d1.copy()), two dictionaries will be created, and when we will make change in d5, d1 will not be affected
d5=d1
print(d1)                #o/p: {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'height': 'unknown'}
print(d5)                #o/p: {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'height': 'unknown'}
d5.popitem()
print(d1)                #o/p: {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown'}
print(d5 is d1)          # o/p: True

#while

d5.popitem()
print(d1)                  #o/p: {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'height': 'unknown'}
print(d5)                  #o/p: {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown'}
print(d5 is d1)            #o/p: False



# when we don't want to return none
print(d.get('names','not found !'))     #o/p: not found !
print(d.get('fav','not found!'))        #o/p: not found!


# two same key in dictionary
user={'name':'Ravin','age':22,'age':23}
print(user)                             #o/p: {'name': 'Ravin', 'age': 23}









# Exercise 1

def cube_finder(n):
    cube={}
    for i in range(1,n+1):
        c=i*i*i
        cube[i]=c
    return cube

n=input('Enter number:\n')          # 5
print(cube_finder(int(n)))          #o/p: {1: 1, 2: 8, 3: 27, 4: 64, 5: 125}







# word counter in dictionary

def word_count(s):
    count1={}
    for char in s:
        count1[char]=s.count(char)
    return count1                                    # o/p: Enter your string:        
                                                     #      RavinR
s1=input("Enter your string:\n")                     #      {'R': 2, 'a': 1, 'v': 1, 'i': 1, 'n': 1}
print(word_count(s1))













# Excercise 2

user1={}
name=input("Enter your name:\n")                                    # o/p: Enter your name:
age=input("Enter your age\n")                                       #      Ravin
fav_movies=input("Enter your favourite movies\n").split(',')        #      Enter your age
fav_songs=input("Enter your favourite songs\n").split(',')          #      22
                                                                    #      Enter your favourite movies
user1['name']=name                                                  #      Dabbang, Baghi
user1['age']=age                                                    #      Enter your favourite songs
user1['fav_movies']=fav_movies                                      #      Kata laga, kal ho na ho
user1['fav_songs']=fav_songs                                        #
                                                                    #      {'name': 'Ravin', 'age': '22', 'fav_movies': ['Dabbang', ' Baghi'], 'fav_songs': ['Kata laga', ' kal ho na ho']}
print(user1)