diff --git a/src/torchjd/autojac/_backward.py b/src/torchjd/autojac/_backward.py
index aa855c3f..84cf6a0a 100644
--- a/src/torchjd/autojac/_backward.py
+++ b/src/torchjd/autojac/_backward.py
@@ -1,16 +1,12 @@
 from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence
-from typing import cast
 
 from torch import Tensor
-from torch.overrides import is_tensor_like
 
-from ._transform import AccumulateJac, Diagonalize, Init, Jac, OrderedSet, Transform
+from ._transform import AccumulateJac, Jac, OrderedSet, Transform
 from ._utils import (
     as_checked_ordered_set,
-    check_consistent_first_dimension,
-    check_matching_jac_shapes,
-    check_matching_length,
     check_optional_positive_chunk_size,
+    create_jac_dict,
     get_leaf_tensors,
 )
 
@@ -120,37 +116,11 @@ def backward(
     else:
         inputs_ = OrderedSet(inputs)
 
-    jac_tensors_dict = _create_jac_tensors_dict(tensors_, jac_tensors)
+    jac_tensors_dict = create_jac_dict(tensors_, jac_tensors, "tensors", "jac_tensors")
     transform = _create_transform(tensors_, inputs_, parallel_chunk_size, retain_graph)
     transform(jac_tensors_dict)
 
 
-def _create_jac_tensors_dict(
-    tensors: OrderedSet[Tensor],
-    opt_jac_tensors: Sequence[Tensor] | Tensor | None,
-) -> dict[Tensor, Tensor]:
-    """
-    Creates a dictionary mapping tensors to their corresponding Jacobians.
-
-    :param tensors: The tensors to differentiate.
-    :param opt_jac_tensors: The initial Jacobians to backpropagate. If ``None``, defaults to
-        identity.
-    """
-    if opt_jac_tensors is None:
-        # Transform that creates gradient outputs containing only ones.
-        init = Init(tensors)
-        # Transform that turns the gradients into Jacobians.
-        diag = Diagonalize(tensors)
-        return (diag << init)({})
-    jac_tensors = cast(
-        Sequence[Tensor], (opt_jac_tensors,) if is_tensor_like(opt_jac_tensors) else opt_jac_tensors
-    )
-    check_matching_length(jac_tensors, tensors, "jac_tensors", "tensors")
-    check_matching_jac_shapes(jac_tensors, tensors, "jac_tensors", "tensors")
-    check_consistent_first_dimension(jac_tensors, "jac_tensors")
-    return dict(zip(tensors, jac_tensors, strict=True))
-
-
 def _create_transform(
     tensors: OrderedSet[Tensor],
     inputs: OrderedSet[Tensor],
diff --git a/src/torchjd/autojac/_jac.py b/src/torchjd/autojac/_jac.py
index 00f65c29..911d5b9a 100644
--- a/src/torchjd/autojac/_jac.py
+++ b/src/torchjd/autojac/_jac.py
@@ -5,16 +5,12 @@
 from torch.overrides import is_tensor_like
 
 from torchjd.autojac._transform._base import Transform
-from torchjd.autojac._transform._diagonalize import Diagonalize
-from torchjd.autojac._transform._init import Init
 from torchjd.autojac._transform._jac import Jac
 from torchjd.autojac._transform._ordered_set import OrderedSet
 from torchjd.autojac._utils import (
     as_checked_ordered_set,
-    check_consistent_first_dimension,
-    check_matching_jac_shapes,
-    check_matching_length,
     check_optional_positive_chunk_size,
+    create_jac_dict,
 )
 
 
@@ -159,38 +155,12 @@ def jac(
     inputs_with_repetition = cast(Sequence[Tensor], (inputs,) if is_tensor_like(inputs) else inputs)
     inputs_ = OrderedSet(inputs_with_repetition)
 
-    jac_outputs_dict = _create_jac_outputs_dict(outputs_, jac_outputs)
+    jac_outputs_dict = create_jac_dict(outputs_, jac_outputs, "outputs", "jac_outputs")
     transform = _create_transform(outputs_, inputs_, parallel_chunk_size, retain_graph)
     result = transform(jac_outputs_dict)
     return tuple(result[input] for input in inputs_with_repetition)
 
 
-def _create_jac_outputs_dict(
-    outputs: OrderedSet[Tensor],
-    opt_jac_outputs: Sequence[Tensor] | Tensor | None,
-) -> dict[Tensor, Tensor]:
-    """
-    Creates a dictionary mapping outputs to their corresponding Jacobians.
-
-    :param outputs: The tensors to differentiate.
-    :param opt_jac_outputs: The initial Jacobians to backpropagate. If ``None``, defaults to
-        identity.
-    """
-    if opt_jac_outputs is None:
-        # Transform that creates gradient outputs containing only ones.
-        init = Init(outputs)
-        # Transform that turns the gradients into Jacobians.
-        diag = Diagonalize(outputs)
-        return (diag << init)({})
-    jac_outputs = cast(
-        Sequence[Tensor], (opt_jac_outputs,) if is_tensor_like(opt_jac_outputs) else opt_jac_outputs
-    )
-    check_matching_length(jac_outputs, outputs, "jac_outputs", "outputs")
-    check_matching_jac_shapes(jac_outputs, outputs, "jac_outputs", "outputs")
-    check_consistent_first_dimension(jac_outputs, "jac_outputs")
-    return dict(zip(outputs, jac_outputs, strict=True))
-
-
 def _create_transform(
     outputs: OrderedSet[Tensor],
     inputs: OrderedSet[Tensor],
diff --git a/src/torchjd/autojac/_utils.py b/src/torchjd/autojac/_utils.py
index fdcc7ce1..0a0c9dfe 100644
--- a/src/torchjd/autojac/_utils.py
+++ b/src/torchjd/autojac/_utils.py
@@ -103,6 +103,41 @@ def check_matching_grad_shapes(
             )
 
 
+def create_jac_dict(
+    tensors: OrderedSet[Tensor],
+    opt_jacobians: Sequence[Tensor] | Tensor | None,
+    tensor_param_name: str,
+    jacobian_param_name: str,
+) -> dict[Tensor, Tensor]:
+    """
+    Creates a dictionary mapping tensors to their corresponding Jacobians.
+
+    If ``opt_jacobians`` is ``None``, creates identity Jacobians using Init and Diagonalize
+    transforms. Otherwise, validates the provided Jacobians and returns them as a dict.
+
+    :param tensors: The tensors to differentiate.
+    :param opt_jacobians: The initial Jacobians to backpropagate. If ``None``, defaults to
+        identity.
+    :param tensor_param_name: The name of the tensor parameter for error messages.
+    :param jacobian_param_name: The name of the jacobian parameter for error messages.
+    """
+    from torchjd.autojac._transform._diagonalize import Diagonalize
+    from torchjd.autojac._transform._init import Init
+
+    if opt_jacobians is None:
+        init = Init(tensors)
+        diag = Diagonalize(tensors)
+        return (diag << init)({})
+
+    jacobians = cast(
+        Sequence[Tensor], (opt_jacobians,) if is_tensor_like(opt_jacobians) else opt_jacobians
+    )
+    check_matching_length(jacobians, tensors, jacobian_param_name, tensor_param_name)
+    check_matching_jac_shapes(jacobians, tensors, jacobian_param_name, tensor_param_name)
+    check_consistent_first_dimension(jacobians, jacobian_param_name)
+    return dict(zip(tensors, jacobians, strict=True))
+
+
 def check_consistent_first_dimension(
     jacobians: Sequence[Tensor],
     variable_name: str,
diff --git a/tests/unit/autojac/test_backward.py b/tests/unit/autojac/test_backward.py
index 806eb545..be42ebec 100644
--- a/tests/unit/autojac/test_backward.py
+++ b/tests/unit/autojac/test_backward.py
@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@
 from utils.tensors import eye_, randn_, tensor_
 
 from torchjd.autojac import backward
-from torchjd.autojac._backward import _create_jac_tensors_dict, _create_transform
+from torchjd.autojac._backward import _create_transform
 from torchjd.autojac._transform import OrderedSet
+from torchjd.autojac._utils import create_jac_dict
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("default_jac_tensors", [True, False])
@@ -22,9 +23,11 @@ def test_check_create_transform(default_jac_tensors: bool) -> None:
         None if default_jac_tensors else [tensor_([1.0, 0.0]), tensor_([0.0, 1.0])]
     )
 
-    jac_tensors = _create_jac_tensors_dict(
+    jac_tensors = create_jac_dict(
         tensors=OrderedSet([y1, y2]),
-        opt_jac_tensors=optional_jac_tensors,
+        opt_jacobians=optional_jac_tensors,
+        tensor_param_name="tensors",
+        jacobian_param_name="jac_tensors",
     )
     transform = _create_transform(
         tensors=OrderedSet([y1, y2]),
diff --git a/tests/unit/autojac/test_jac.py b/tests/unit/autojac/test_jac.py
index 75c68cb9..a13164fb 100644
--- a/tests/unit/autojac/test_jac.py
+++ b/tests/unit/autojac/test_jac.py
@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@
 from utils.tensors import eye_, randn_, tensor_
 
 from torchjd.autojac import jac
-from torchjd.autojac._jac import _create_jac_outputs_dict, _create_transform
+from torchjd.autojac._jac import _create_transform
 from torchjd.autojac._transform import OrderedSet
+from torchjd.autojac._utils import create_jac_dict
 
 
 @mark.parametrize("default_jac_outputs", [True, False])
@@ -22,9 +23,11 @@ def test_check_create_transform(default_jac_outputs: bool) -> None:
         None if default_jac_outputs else [tensor_([1.0, 0.0]), tensor_([0.0, 1.0])]
     )
 
-    jac_outputs = _create_jac_outputs_dict(
-        outputs=OrderedSet([y1, y2]),
-        opt_jac_outputs=optional_jac_outputs,
+    jac_outputs = create_jac_dict(
+        tensors=OrderedSet([y1, y2]),
+        opt_jacobians=optional_jac_outputs,
+        tensor_param_name="outputs",
+        jacobian_param_name="jac_outputs",
     )
     transform = _create_transform(
         outputs=OrderedSet([y1, y2]),