diff --git a/src/main/java/me/thinkcat/opic/practice/config/security/JwtTokenProvider.java b/src/main/java/me/thinkcat/opic/practice/config/security/JwtTokenProvider.java
index 2e0f007..7fe7d89 100644
--- a/src/main/java/me/thinkcat/opic/practice/config/security/JwtTokenProvider.java
+++ b/src/main/java/me/thinkcat/opic/practice/config/security/JwtTokenProvider.java
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
 import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
 import java.util.Date;
+import java.util.UUID;
 
 @Component
 public class JwtTokenProvider {
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ private String buildToken(String username, Long userId, UserRole role, long vali
         Date validity = new Date(now.getTime() + validityInMilliseconds);
 
         JwtBuilder builder = Jwts.builder()
+                .id(UUID.randomUUID().toString())
                 .subject(username)
                 .claim("userId", userId)
                 .issuedAt(now)
diff --git a/src/main/java/me/thinkcat/opic/practice/repository/RefreshTokenRepository.java b/src/main/java/me/thinkcat/opic/practice/repository/RefreshTokenRepository.java
index 0b6a16a..1c784e4 100644
--- a/src/main/java/me/thinkcat/opic/practice/repository/RefreshTokenRepository.java
+++ b/src/main/java/me/thinkcat/opic/practice/repository/RefreshTokenRepository.java
@@ -2,8 +2,12 @@
 
 import me.thinkcat.opic.practice.entity.RefreshToken;
 import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
+import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Modifying;
+import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
+import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
 
+import java.time.LocalDateTime;
 import java.util.Optional;
 
 @Repository
@@ -14,4 +18,8 @@ public interface RefreshTokenRepository extends JpaRepository<RefreshToken, Long
     void deleteByToken(String token);
 
     void deleteByUserId(Long userId);
+
+    @Modifying
+    @Query("DELETE FROM RefreshToken r WHERE r.expiresAt < :now")
+    void deleteAllExpired(@Param("now") LocalDateTime now);
 }
diff --git a/src/main/java/me/thinkcat/opic/practice/scheduler/UserCleanupScheduler.java b/src/main/java/me/thinkcat/opic/practice/scheduler/UserCleanupScheduler.java
index 0dc7860..da129ea 100644
--- a/src/main/java/me/thinkcat/opic/practice/scheduler/UserCleanupScheduler.java
+++ b/src/main/java/me/thinkcat/opic/practice/scheduler/UserCleanupScheduler.java
@@ -43,4 +43,11 @@ public void hardDeleteWithdrawnUsers() {
 
         log.info("[UserCleanup] Hard deleted {} withdrawn users.", targets.size());
     }
+
+    @Scheduled(cron = "0 0 4 * * *")
+    @Transactional
+    public void cleanupExpiredRefreshTokens() {
+        refreshTokenRepository.deleteAllExpired(LocalDateTime.now());
+        log.info("[UserCleanup] Expired refresh tokens deleted.");
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/test/java/me/thinkcat/opic/practice/config/security/JwtTokenProviderTest.java b/src/test/java/me/thinkcat/opic/practice/config/security/JwtTokenProviderTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26c4f38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/test/java/me/thinkcat/opic/practice/config/security/JwtTokenProviderTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package me.thinkcat.opic.practice.config.security;
+
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+import org.springframework.test.util.ReflectionTestUtils;
+
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Set;
+
+import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
+
+class JwtTokenProviderTest {
+
+    private JwtTokenProvider jwtTokenProvider;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    void setUp() {
+        jwtTokenProvider = new JwtTokenProvider();
+        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(jwtTokenProvider, "secretKey", "testsecretkeyfortestingpurposesonly12345678");
+        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(jwtTokenProvider, "accessTokenValidity", 3600000L);
+        ReflectionTestUtils.setField(jwtTokenProvider, "refreshTokenValidity", 1209600000L);
+        jwtTokenProvider.init();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void 동일_사용자_동일_시점에_generateRefreshToken_연속_호출시_서로다른_토큰_반환() {
+        String token1 = jwtTokenProvider.generateRefreshToken("user", 1L);
+        String token2 = jwtTokenProvider.generateRefreshToken("user", 1L);
+
+        assertThat(token1).isNotEqualTo(token2);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void generateRefreshToken_100회_호출시_모두_고유한_토큰_반환() {
+        Set<String> tokens = new HashSet<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
+            tokens.add(jwtTokenProvider.generateRefreshToken("user", 1L));
+        }
+
+        assertThat(tokens).hasSize(100);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/test/java/me/thinkcat/opic/practice/service/UserServiceTest.java b/src/test/java/me/thinkcat/opic/practice/service/UserServiceTest.java
index b0733ea..f1a3259 100644
--- a/src/test/java/me/thinkcat/opic/practice/service/UserServiceTest.java
+++ b/src/test/java/me/thinkcat/opic/practice/service/UserServiceTest.java
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 package me.thinkcat.opic.practice.service;
 
 import me.thinkcat.opic.practice.config.security.JwtTokenProvider;
+import me.thinkcat.opic.practice.dto.request.LoginRequest;
 import me.thinkcat.opic.practice.dto.request.UserRegisterRequest;
+import me.thinkcat.opic.practice.dto.response.TokenResponse;
 import me.thinkcat.opic.practice.dto.response.UserResponse;
+import me.thinkcat.opic.practice.entity.RefreshToken;
 import me.thinkcat.opic.practice.entity.User;
 import me.thinkcat.opic.practice.exception.ValidationException;
 import me.thinkcat.opic.practice.repository.UserRepository;
@@ -17,6 +20,7 @@
 import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder;
 
 import java.time.LocalDateTime;
+import java.util.Optional;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatThrownBy;
@@ -62,6 +66,25 @@ class UserServiceTest {
         assertThat(response.getUsername()).isEqualTo("user");
     }
 
+    @Test
+    void 동일_사용자_연속_두번_로그인시_서로다른_refreshToken_반환() {
+        User user = User.builder().id(1L).username("user").build();
+        RefreshToken firstToken = RefreshToken.builder().token("refresh-token-aaa").build();
+        RefreshToken secondToken = RefreshToken.builder().token("refresh-token-bbb").build();
+
+        given(userRepository.findByUsername("user")).willReturn(Optional.of(user));
+        given(jwtTokenProvider.generateAccessToken(any(), any(), any())).willReturn("access-token");
+        given(jwtTokenProvider.getAccessTokenValidityInSeconds()).willReturn(3600L);
+        given(refreshTokenService.createRefreshToken(user))
+                .willReturn(firstToken)
+                .willReturn(secondToken);
+
+        TokenResponse response1 = userService.login(new LoginRequest("user", "Password1@"));
+        TokenResponse response2 = userService.login(new LoginRequest("user", "Password1@"));
+
+        assertThat(response1.getRefreshToken()).isNotEqualTo(response2.getRefreshToken());
+    }
+
     @ParameterizedTest
     @ValueSource(strings = {
             "notanemail",