From 190cea8105fa35b6ef58cc7639f5ddec89969120 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ashhar Ahmad Khan <145142826+AshharAhmadKhan@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Feb 2026 17:47:49 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 01/14] feat: Add IEEE 754 float16 (binary16) support to Rust
 runtime
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
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- Add float16 type as transparent wrapper around u16
- Implement IEEE 754 compliant f32<->float16 conversions
  - Round-to-nearest, ties-to-even rounding
  - Proper handling of NaN, Inf, ±0, subnormals
  - Overflow to infinity, underflow to subnormal/zero
- Add buffer read/write methods (write_f16, read_f16)
- Implement Serializer trait for float16
- Add float16 to all relevant type arrays and functions
- Implement arithmetic via f32 round-back
- Use Policy A (bitwise Eq/Hash, separate IEEE helpers)
- Add comprehensive unit tests (11 tests, all passing)

Resolves #3207
---
 rust/fory-core/src/buffer.rs            |  14 +-
 rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs           | 614 ++++++++++++++++++++++++
 rust/fory-core/src/lib.rs               |   2 +
 rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs |  50 ++
 rust/fory-core/src/types.rs             |  12 +-
 5 files changed, 687 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs

diff --git a/rust/fory-core/src/buffer.rs b/rust/fory-core/src/buffer.rs
index e726a6b44d..8e6d16838a 100644
--- a/rust/fory-core/src/buffer.rs
+++ b/rust/fory-core/src/buffer.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 // under the License.
 
 use crate::error::Error;
+use crate::float16::float16;
 use crate::meta::buffer_rw_string::read_latin1_simd;
 use byteorder::{ByteOrder, LittleEndian};
 use std::cmp::max;
@@ -390,6 +391,12 @@ impl<'a> Writer<'a> {
         }
     }
 
+    // ============ FLOAT16 (TypeId = 16) ============
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn write_f16(&mut self, value: float16) {
+        self.write_u16(value.to_bits());
+    }
+
     // ============ FLOAT64 (TypeId = 18) ============
 
     #[inline(always)]
@@ -854,8 +861,13 @@ impl<'a> Reader<'a> {
     }
 
     // ============ FLOAT64 (TypeId = 18) ============
-
     #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn read_f16(&mut self) -> Result<float16, Error> {
+        let bits = LittleEndian::read_u16(self.slice_after_cursor());
+        self.cursor += 2;
+        Ok(float16::from_bits(bits))
+    }
+
     pub fn read_f64(&mut self) -> Result<f64, Error> {
         let slice = self.slice_after_cursor();
         let result = LittleEndian::read_f64(slice);
diff --git a/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs b/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..502746737b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,614 @@
+// Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+// or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+// distributed with this work for additional information
+// regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+// to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+// "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+// with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+// software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+// "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+// KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations
+// under the License.
+
+//! IEEE 754 half-precision (binary16) floating-point type.
+//!
+//! This module provides a `float16` type that represents IEEE 754 binary16
+//! format (16-bit floating point). The type is a transparent wrapper around
+//! `u16` and provides IEEE-compliant conversions to/from `f32`, classification
+//! methods, and arithmetic operations.
+
+use std::cmp::Ordering;
+use std::fmt;
+use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
+use std::ops::{Add, Div, Mul, Neg, Sub};
+
+/// IEEE 754 binary16 (half-precision) floating-point type.
+///
+/// This is a 16-bit floating-point format with:
+/// - 1 sign bit
+/// - 5 exponent bits (bias = 15)
+/// - 10 mantissa bits (with implicit leading 1 for normalized values)
+///
+/// Special values:
+/// - ±0: exponent = 0, mantissa = 0
+/// - ±Inf: exponent = 31, mantissa = 0
+/// - NaN: exponent = 31, mantissa ≠ 0
+/// - Subnormals: exponent = 0, mantissa ≠ 0
+#[repr(transparent)]
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Default)]
+pub struct float16(u16);
+
+// Bit layout constants
+const SIGN_MASK: u16 = 0x8000;
+const EXP_MASK: u16 = 0x7C00;
+const MANTISSA_MASK: u16 = 0x03FF;
+const EXP_SHIFT: u32 = 10;
+const EXP_BIAS: i32 = 15;
+const MAX_EXP: i32 = 31;
+
+// Special bit patterns
+const INFINITY_BITS: u16 = 0x7C00;
+const NEG_INFINITY_BITS: u16 = 0xFC00;
+const QUIET_NAN_BITS: u16 = 0x7E00;
+
+impl float16 {
+    // ============ Construction ============
+
+    /// Create a `float16` from raw bits.
+    ///
+    /// This is a const function that performs no validation.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub const fn from_bits(bits: u16) -> Self {
+        Self(bits)
+    }
+
+    /// Extract the raw bit representation.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub const fn to_bits(self) -> u16 {
+        self.0
+    }
+
+    // ============ Constants ============
+
+    /// Positive zero (+0.0).
+    pub const ZERO: Self = Self(0x0000);
+
+    /// Negative zero (-0.0).
+    pub const NEG_ZERO: Self = Self(0x8000);
+
+    /// Positive infinity.
+    pub const INFINITY: Self = Self(INFINITY_BITS);
+
+    /// Negative infinity.
+    pub const NEG_INFINITY: Self = Self(NEG_INFINITY_BITS);
+
+    /// Quiet NaN (canonical).
+    pub const NAN: Self = Self(QUIET_NAN_BITS);
+
+    /// Maximum finite value (65504.0).
+    pub const MAX: Self = Self(0x7BFF);
+
+    /// Minimum positive normal value (2^-14 ≈ 6.104e-5).
+    pub const MIN_POSITIVE: Self = Self(0x0400);
+
+    /// Minimum positive subnormal value (2^-24 ≈ 5.96e-8).
+    pub const MIN_POSITIVE_SUBNORMAL: Self = Self(0x0001);
+
+    // ============ IEEE 754 Conversion ============
+
+    /// Convert `f32` to `float16` using IEEE 754 round-to-nearest, ties-to-even.
+    ///
+    /// Handles:
+    /// - NaN → NaN (preserves payload bits where possible, ensures quiet NaN)
+    /// - ±Inf → ±Inf
+    /// - ±0 → ±0 (preserves sign)
+    /// - Overflow → ±Inf
+    /// - Underflow → subnormal or ±0
+    /// - Normal values → rounded to nearest representable value
+    pub fn from_f32(value: f32) -> Self {
+        let bits = value.to_bits();
+        let sign = bits & 0x8000_0000;
+        let exp = ((bits >> 23) & 0xFF) as i32;
+        let mantissa = bits & 0x007F_FFFF;
+
+        // Handle special cases
+        if exp == 255 {
+            // Inf or NaN
+            if mantissa == 0 {
+                // Infinity
+                return Self(((sign >> 16) | INFINITY_BITS as u32) as u16);
+            } else {
+                // NaN - preserve lower 10 bits of payload, ensure quiet NaN
+                let nan_payload = (mantissa >> 13) & MANTISSA_MASK as u32;
+                let quiet_bit = 0x0200; // Bit 9 = quiet NaN bit
+                return Self(
+                    ((sign >> 16) | INFINITY_BITS as u32 | quiet_bit | nan_payload) as u16,
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Convert exponent from f32 bias (127) to f16 bias (15)
+        let exp16 = exp - 127 + 15;
+
+        // Handle zero
+        if exp == 0 && mantissa == 0 {
+            return Self((sign >> 16) as u16);
+        }
+
+        // Handle overflow (exponent too large for f16)
+        if exp16 >= MAX_EXP {
+            // Overflow to infinity
+            return Self(((sign >> 16) | INFINITY_BITS as u32) as u16);
+        }
+
+        // Handle underflow (exponent too small for f16)
+        if exp16 <= 0 {
+            // Subnormal or underflow to zero
+            if exp16 < -10 {
+                // Too small even for subnormal - round to zero
+                return Self((sign >> 16) as u16);
+            }
+
+            // Create subnormal
+            // Shift mantissa right by (1 - exp16) positions
+            let shift = 1 - exp16;
+            let implicit_bit = 1u32 << 23; // f32 implicit leading 1
+            let full_mantissa = implicit_bit | mantissa;
+
+            // Shift and round
+            let shift_total = 13 + shift;
+            let round_bit = 1u32 << (shift_total - 1);
+            let sticky_mask = round_bit - 1;
+            let sticky = (full_mantissa & sticky_mask) != 0;
+            let mantissa16 = full_mantissa >> shift_total;
+
+            // Round to nearest, ties to even
+            let result = if (full_mantissa & round_bit) != 0 && (sticky || (mantissa16 & 1) != 0) {
+                mantissa16 + 1
+            } else {
+                mantissa16
+            };
+
+            return Self(((sign >> 16) | result) as u16);
+        }
+
+        // Normal case: convert mantissa (23 bits → 10 bits)
+        // f32 mantissa has 23 bits, f16 has 10 bits
+        // Need to round off 13 bits
+
+        let round_bit = 1u32 << 12; // Bit 12 of f32 mantissa
+        let sticky_mask = round_bit - 1;
+        let sticky = (mantissa & sticky_mask) != 0;
+        let mantissa10 = mantissa >> 13;
+
+        // Round to nearest, ties to even
+        let rounded_mantissa = if (mantissa & round_bit) != 0 && (sticky || (mantissa10 & 1) != 0) {
+            mantissa10 + 1
+        } else {
+            mantissa10
+        };
+
+        // Check if rounding caused mantissa overflow
+        if rounded_mantissa > MANTISSA_MASK as u32 {
+            // Mantissa overflow - increment exponent
+            let new_exp = exp16 + 1;
+            if new_exp >= MAX_EXP {
+                // Overflow to infinity
+                return Self(((sign >> 16) | INFINITY_BITS as u32) as u16);
+            }
+            // Carry into exponent, mantissa becomes 0
+            return Self(((sign >> 16) | ((new_exp as u32) << EXP_SHIFT)) as u16);
+        }
+
+        // Assemble the result
+        let result = (sign >> 16) | ((exp16 as u32) << EXP_SHIFT) | rounded_mantissa;
+        Self(result as u16)
+    }
+
+    /// Convert `float16` to `f32` (exact conversion).
+    ///
+    /// All `float16` values are exactly representable in `f32`.
+    pub fn to_f32(self) -> f32 {
+        let bits = self.0;
+        let sign = (bits & SIGN_MASK) as u32;
+        let exp = ((bits & EXP_MASK) >> EXP_SHIFT) as i32;
+        let mantissa = (bits & MANTISSA_MASK) as u32;
+
+        // Handle special cases
+        if exp == MAX_EXP {
+            // Inf or NaN
+            if mantissa == 0 {
+                // Infinity
+                return f32::from_bits((sign << 16) | 0x7F80_0000);
+            } else {
+                // NaN - preserve payload
+                let nan_payload = mantissa << 13;
+                return f32::from_bits((sign << 16) | 0x7F80_0000 | nan_payload);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if exp == 0 {
+            if mantissa == 0 {
+                // Zero
+                return f32::from_bits(sign << 16);
+            } else {
+                // Subnormal - convert to normal f32
+                // Find leading 1 in mantissa
+                let mut m = mantissa;
+                let mut e = -14i32; // f16 subnormal exponent
+
+                // Normalize
+                while (m & 0x0400) == 0 {
+                    m <<= 1;
+                    e -= 1;
+                }
+
+                // Remove implicit leading 1
+                m &= 0x03FF;
+
+                // Convert to f32 exponent
+                let exp32 = e + 127;
+                let mantissa32 = m << 13;
+
+                return f32::from_bits((sign << 16) | ((exp32 as u32) << 23) | mantissa32);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Normal value
+        let exp32 = exp - 15 + 127; // Convert bias from 15 to 127
+        let mantissa32 = mantissa << 13; // Expand mantissa from 10 to 23 bits
+
+        f32::from_bits((sign << 16) | ((exp32 as u32) << 23) | mantissa32)
+    }
+
+    // ============ Classification ============
+
+    /// Returns `true` if this value is NaN.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_nan(self) -> bool {
+        (self.0 & EXP_MASK) == EXP_MASK && (self.0 & MANTISSA_MASK) != 0
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if this value is positive or negative infinity.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_infinite(self) -> bool {
+        (self.0 & EXP_MASK) == EXP_MASK && (self.0 & MANTISSA_MASK) == 0
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if this value is finite (not NaN or infinity).
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_finite(self) -> bool {
+        (self.0 & EXP_MASK) != EXP_MASK
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if this value is a normal number (not zero, subnormal, infinite, or NaN).
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_normal(self) -> bool {
+        let exp = self.0 & EXP_MASK;
+        exp != 0 && exp != EXP_MASK
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if this value is subnormal.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_subnormal(self) -> bool {
+        (self.0 & EXP_MASK) == 0 && (self.0 & MANTISSA_MASK) != 0
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if this value is ±0.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_zero(self) -> bool {
+        (self.0 & !SIGN_MASK) == 0
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if the sign bit is set (negative).
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_sign_negative(self) -> bool {
+        (self.0 & SIGN_MASK) != 0
+    }
+
+    /// Returns `true` if the sign bit is not set (positive).
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn is_sign_positive(self) -> bool {
+        (self.0 & SIGN_MASK) == 0
+    }
+
+    // ============ IEEE Value Comparison (separate from bitwise ==) ============
+
+    /// IEEE-754 numeric equality: NaN != NaN, +0 == -0.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn eq_value(self, other: Self) -> bool {
+        if self.is_nan() || other.is_nan() {
+            false
+        } else if self.is_zero() && other.is_zero() {
+            true // +0 == -0
+        } else {
+            self.0 == other.0
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// IEEE-754 partial comparison: returns `None` if either value is NaN.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn partial_cmp_value(self, other: Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
+        self.to_f32().partial_cmp(&other.to_f32())
+    }
+
+    /// Total ordering comparison (including NaN).
+    ///
+    /// This matches the behavior of `f32::total_cmp`.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn total_cmp(self, other: Self) -> Ordering {
+        self.to_f32().total_cmp(&other.to_f32())
+    }
+
+    // ============ Arithmetic (explicit methods) ============
+
+    /// Add two `float16` values (via f32).
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn add(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
+        Self::from_f32(self.to_f32() + rhs.to_f32())
+    }
+
+    /// Subtract two `float16` values (via f32).
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn sub(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
+        Self::from_f32(self.to_f32() - rhs.to_f32())
+    }
+
+    /// Multiply two `float16` values (via f32).
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn mul(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
+        Self::from_f32(self.to_f32() * rhs.to_f32())
+    }
+
+    /// Divide two `float16` values (via f32).
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn div(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
+        Self::from_f32(self.to_f32() / rhs.to_f32())
+    }
+
+    /// Negate this `float16` value.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn neg(self) -> Self {
+        Self(self.0 ^ SIGN_MASK)
+    }
+
+    /// Absolute value.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn abs(self) -> Self {
+        Self(self.0 & !SIGN_MASK)
+    }
+}
+
+// ============ Trait Implementations ============
+
+// Policy A: Bitwise equality and hashing (allows use in HashMap)
+impl PartialEq for float16 {
+    #[inline]
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.0 == other.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl Eq for float16 {}
+
+impl Hash for float16 {
+    #[inline]
+    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+        self.0.hash(state);
+    }
+}
+
+// IEEE partial ordering (NaN breaks total order)
+impl PartialOrd for float16 {
+    #[inline]
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
+        self.to_f32().partial_cmp(&other.to_f32())
+    }
+}
+
+// Arithmetic operator traits
+impl Add for float16 {
+    type Output = Self;
+    #[inline]
+    fn add(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
+        Self::add(self, rhs)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Sub for float16 {
+    type Output = Self;
+    #[inline]
+    fn sub(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
+        Self::sub(self, rhs)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Mul for float16 {
+    type Output = Self;
+    #[inline]
+    fn mul(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
+        Self::mul(self, rhs)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Div for float16 {
+    type Output = Self;
+    #[inline]
+    fn div(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
+        Self::div(self, rhs)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Neg for float16 {
+    type Output = Self;
+    #[inline]
+    fn neg(self) -> Self {
+        Self::neg(self)
+    }
+}
+
+// Display and Debug
+impl fmt::Display for float16 {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.to_f32())
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for float16 {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "float16({})", self.to_f32())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_zero() {
+        assert_eq!(float16::ZERO.to_bits(), 0x0000);
+        assert!(float16::ZERO.is_zero());
+        assert!(!float16::ZERO.is_sign_negative());
+
+        assert_eq!(float16::NEG_ZERO.to_bits(), 0x8000);
+        assert!(float16::NEG_ZERO.is_zero());
+        assert!(float16::NEG_ZERO.is_sign_negative());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_infinity() {
+        assert_eq!(float16::INFINITY.to_bits(), 0x7C00);
+        assert!(float16::INFINITY.is_infinite());
+        assert!(!float16::INFINITY.is_nan());
+
+        assert_eq!(float16::NEG_INFINITY.to_bits(), 0xFC00);
+        assert!(float16::NEG_INFINITY.is_infinite());
+        assert!(float16::NEG_INFINITY.is_sign_negative());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_nan() {
+        assert!(float16::NAN.is_nan());
+        assert!(!float16::NAN.is_infinite());
+        assert!(!float16::NAN.is_finite());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_special_values_conversion() {
+        // Infinity
+        assert_eq!(float16::from_f32(f32::INFINITY), float16::INFINITY);
+        assert_eq!(float16::from_f32(f32::NEG_INFINITY), float16::NEG_INFINITY);
+        assert_eq!(float16::INFINITY.to_f32(), f32::INFINITY);
+        assert_eq!(float16::NEG_INFINITY.to_f32(), f32::NEG_INFINITY);
+
+        // Zero
+        assert_eq!(float16::from_f32(0.0), float16::ZERO);
+        assert_eq!(float16::from_f32(-0.0), float16::NEG_ZERO);
+        assert_eq!(float16::ZERO.to_f32(), 0.0);
+
+        // NaN
+        assert!(float16::from_f32(f32::NAN).is_nan());
+        assert!(float16::NAN.to_f32().is_nan());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_max_min_values() {
+        // Max finite value: 65504.0
+        let max_f32 = 65504.0f32;
+        assert_eq!(float16::from_f32(max_f32), float16::MAX);
+        assert_eq!(float16::MAX.to_f32(), max_f32);
+
+        // Min positive normal: 2^-14
+        let min_normal = 2.0f32.powi(-14);
+        assert_eq!(float16::from_f32(min_normal), float16::MIN_POSITIVE);
+        assert_eq!(float16::MIN_POSITIVE.to_f32(), min_normal);
+
+        // Min positive subnormal: 2^-24
+        let min_subnormal = 2.0f32.powi(-24);
+        let h = float16::from_f32(min_subnormal);
+        assert_eq!(h, float16::MIN_POSITIVE_SUBNORMAL);
+        assert!(h.is_subnormal());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_overflow() {
+        // Values larger than max should overflow to infinity
+        let too_large = 70000.0f32;
+        assert_eq!(float16::from_f32(too_large), float16::INFINITY);
+        assert_eq!(float16::from_f32(-too_large), float16::NEG_INFINITY);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_underflow() {
+        // Very small values should underflow to zero or subnormal
+        let very_small = 2.0f32.powi(-30);
+        let h = float16::from_f32(very_small);
+        assert!(h.is_zero() || h.is_subnormal());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_rounding() {
+        // Test round-to-nearest, ties-to-even
+        // 1.0 is exactly representable
+        let one = float16::from_f32(1.0);
+        assert_eq!(one.to_f32(), 1.0);
+
+        // 1.5 is exactly representable
+        let one_half = float16::from_f32(1.5);
+        assert_eq!(one_half.to_f32(), 1.5);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_arithmetic() {
+        let a = float16::from_f32(1.5);
+        let b = float16::from_f32(2.5);
+
+        assert_eq!((a + b).to_f32(), 4.0);
+        assert_eq!((b - a).to_f32(), 1.0);
+        assert_eq!((a * b).to_f32(), 3.75);
+        assert_eq!((-a).to_f32(), -1.5);
+        assert_eq!(a.abs().to_f32(), 1.5);
+        assert_eq!((-a).abs().to_f32(), 1.5);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_comparison() {
+        let a = float16::from_f32(1.0);
+        let b = float16::from_f32(2.0);
+        let nan = float16::NAN;
+
+        // Bitwise equality
+        assert_eq!(a, a);
+        assert_ne!(a, b);
+
+        // IEEE value equality
+        assert!(a.eq_value(a));
+        assert!(!a.eq_value(b));
+        assert!(!nan.eq_value(nan)); // NaN != NaN
+
+        // +0 == -0 in IEEE
+        assert!(float16::ZERO.eq_value(float16::NEG_ZERO));
+
+        // Partial ordering
+        assert_eq!(a.partial_cmp_value(b), Some(Ordering::Less));
+        assert_eq!(b.partial_cmp_value(a), Some(Ordering::Greater));
+        assert_eq!(a.partial_cmp_value(a), Some(Ordering::Equal));
+        assert_eq!(nan.partial_cmp_value(a), None);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_classification() {
+        assert!(float16::from_f32(1.0).is_normal());
+        assert!(float16::from_f32(1.0).is_finite());
+        assert!(!float16::from_f32(1.0).is_zero());
+        assert!(!float16::from_f32(1.0).is_subnormal());
+
+        assert!(float16::MIN_POSITIVE_SUBNORMAL.is_subnormal());
+        assert!(!float16::MIN_POSITIVE_SUBNORMAL.is_normal());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/rust/fory-core/src/lib.rs b/rust/fory-core/src/lib.rs
index 9666bacf01..976a760af6 100644
--- a/rust/fory-core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/rust/fory-core/src/lib.rs
@@ -179,12 +179,14 @@
 pub mod buffer;
 pub mod config;
 pub mod error;
+pub mod float16;
 pub mod fory;
 pub mod meta;
 pub mod resolver;
 pub mod row;
 pub mod serializer;
 pub mod types;
+pub use float16::float16 as Float16;
 pub mod util;
 
 // Re-export paste for use in macros
diff --git a/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs b/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
index 9a23ad66f3..e118aec592 100644
--- a/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
+++ b/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 // KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
+use crate::float16::float16;
 
 use crate::buffer::{Reader, Writer};
 use crate::error::Error;
@@ -99,6 +100,55 @@ impl_num_serializer!(
 );
 impl_num_serializer!(f32, Writer::write_f32, Reader::read_f32, TypeId::FLOAT32);
 impl_num_serializer!(f64, Writer::write_f64, Reader::read_f64, TypeId::FLOAT64);
+
+// Custom implementation for float16 (cannot use 0 as float16)
+impl Serializer for float16 {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn fory_write_data(&self, context: &mut WriteContext) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        Writer::write_f16(&mut context.writer, *self);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn fory_read_data(context: &mut ReadContext) -> Result<Self, Error> {
+        Reader::read_f16(&mut context.reader)
+    }
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn fory_reserved_space() -> usize {
+        std::mem::size_of::<float16>()
+    }
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn fory_get_type_id(_: &TypeResolver) -> Result<u32, Error> {
+        Ok(TypeId::FLOAT16 as u32)
+    }
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn fory_type_id_dyn(&self, _: &TypeResolver) -> Result<u32, Error> {
+        Ok(TypeId::FLOAT16 as u32)
+    }
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn fory_static_type_id() -> TypeId {
+        TypeId::FLOAT16
+    }
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn as_any(&self) -> &dyn std::any::Any {
+        self
+    }
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn fory_write_type_info(context: &mut WriteContext) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        context.writer.write_var_uint32(TypeId::FLOAT16 as u32);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn fory_read_type_info(context: &mut ReadContext) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        read_basic_type_info::<Self>(context)
+    }
+}
+
+impl ForyDefault for float16 {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn fory_default() -> Self {
+        float16::ZERO
+    }
+}
 impl_num_serializer!(i128, Writer::write_i128, Reader::read_i128, TypeId::INT128);
 impl_num_serializer!(
     isize,
diff --git a/rust/fory-core/src/types.rs b/rust/fory-core/src/types.rs
index 391eef992f..d5e5f841e4 100644
--- a/rust/fory-core/src/types.rs
+++ b/rust/fory-core/src/types.rs
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ pub fn compute_string_hash(s: &str) -> u32 {
     hash as u32
 }
 
-pub static BASIC_TYPES: [TypeId; 33] = [
+pub static BASIC_TYPES: [TypeId; 34] = [
     TypeId::BOOL,
     TypeId::INT8,
     TypeId::INT16,
@@ -277,6 +277,7 @@ pub static BASIC_TYPES: [TypeId; 33] = [
     TypeId::UINT16,
     TypeId::UINT32,
     TypeId::UINT64,
+    TypeId::FLOAT16,
     TypeId::FLOAT32,
     TypeId::FLOAT64,
     TypeId::STRING,
@@ -330,7 +331,7 @@ pub static PRIMITIVE_TYPES: [u32; 22] = [
     TypeId::ISIZE as u32,
 ];
 
-pub static PRIMITIVE_ARRAY_TYPES: [u32; 15] = [
+pub static PRIMITIVE_ARRAY_TYPES: [u32; 16] = [
     TypeId::BOOL_ARRAY as u32,
     TypeId::BINARY as u32,
     TypeId::INT8_ARRAY as u32,
@@ -341,6 +342,7 @@ pub static PRIMITIVE_ARRAY_TYPES: [u32; 15] = [
     TypeId::UINT16_ARRAY as u32,
     TypeId::UINT32_ARRAY as u32,
     TypeId::UINT64_ARRAY as u32,
+    TypeId::FLOAT16_ARRAY as u32,
     TypeId::FLOAT32_ARRAY as u32,
     TypeId::FLOAT64_ARRAY as u32,
     // Rust-specific
@@ -348,8 +350,7 @@ pub static PRIMITIVE_ARRAY_TYPES: [u32; 15] = [
     TypeId::INT128_ARRAY as u32,
     TypeId::USIZE_ARRAY as u32,
 ];
-
-pub static BASIC_TYPE_NAMES: [&str; 18] = [
+pub static BASIC_TYPE_NAMES: [&str; 19] = [
     "bool",
     "i8",
     "i16",
@@ -365,6 +366,7 @@ pub static BASIC_TYPE_NAMES: [&str; 18] = [
     "u16",
     "u32",
     "u64",
+    "float16",
     "u128",
     "usize",
     "isize",
@@ -384,6 +386,7 @@ pub static PRIMITIVE_ARRAY_TYPE_MAP: &[(&str, u32, &str)] = &[
     ("u16", TypeId::UINT16_ARRAY as u32, "Vec<u16>"),
     ("u32", TypeId::UINT32_ARRAY as u32, "Vec<u32>"),
     ("u64", TypeId::UINT64_ARRAY as u32, "Vec<u64>"),
+    ("float16", TypeId::FLOAT16_ARRAY as u32, "Vec<float16>"),
     ("f32", TypeId::FLOAT32_ARRAY as u32, "Vec<f32>"),
     ("f64", TypeId::FLOAT64_ARRAY as u32, "Vec<f64>"),
     // Rust-specific
@@ -407,6 +410,7 @@ pub const fn is_primitive_type_id(type_id: TypeId) -> bool {
             | TypeId::UINT16
             | TypeId::UINT32
             | TypeId::UINT64
+            | TypeId::FLOAT16
             | TypeId::FLOAT32
             | TypeId::FLOAT64
             // Rust-specific

From fce43ece5ce0a4bf5adbd7be85bdf5ea4d4b1dd2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ashhar Ahmad Khan <145142826+AshharAhmadKhan@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Feb 2026 23:34:14 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 02/14] fix: Suppress clippy warnings for float16 naming and
 unused constant

- Add #[allow(non_camel_case_types)] to float16 struct (per issue requirements)
- Add #[allow(dead_code)] to EXP_BIAS constant
---
 rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs b/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs
index 502746737b..45c3d9ab27 100644
--- a/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs
+++ b/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ use std::ops::{Add, Div, Mul, Neg, Sub};
 /// - Subnormals: exponent = 0, mantissa ≠ 0
 #[repr(transparent)]
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Default)]
+#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
 pub struct float16(u16);
 
 // Bit layout constants
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ const SIGN_MASK: u16 = 0x8000;
 const EXP_MASK: u16 = 0x7C00;
 const MANTISSA_MASK: u16 = 0x03FF;
 const EXP_SHIFT: u32 = 10;
+#[allow(dead_code)]
 const EXP_BIAS: i32 = 15;
 const MAX_EXP: i32 = 31;
 

From ffd14f993e5adc826673f603879b77cc21a4dbc5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ashhar Ahmad Khan <145142826+AshharAhmadKhan@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Feb 2026 10:29:39 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 03/14] fix: Add license header and suppress clippy trait
 warnings

- Add Apache license header to number.rs (required by CI)
- Suppress clippy::should_implement_trait warnings for explicit arithmetic methods
  (methods required by issue spec alongside trait implementations)
---
 rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs           | 1 +
 rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs | 1 -
 2 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs b/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs
index 45c3d9ab27..202497601d 100644
--- a/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs
+++ b/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs
@@ -350,6 +350,7 @@ impl float16 {
     // ============ Arithmetic (explicit methods) ============
 
     /// Add two `float16` values (via f32).
+#[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)]
     #[inline]
     pub fn add(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
         Self::from_f32(self.to_f32() + rhs.to_f32())
diff --git a/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs b/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
index e118aec592..94d481a1a1 100644
--- a/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
+++ b/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 // KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
-use crate::float16::float16;
 
 use crate::buffer::{Reader, Writer};
 use crate::error::Error;

From b7859619fb96dbffea5d8253bebea41062ce55d9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ashhar Ahmad Khan <145142826+AshharAhmadKhan@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Feb 2026 10:40:54 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 04/14] fix: Complete CI fixes for clippy and imports

- Add #[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)] to all arithmetic methods
- Restore missing float16 import in number.rs
- Fix formatting
---
 rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs           | 6 +++++-
 rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs | 1 +
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs b/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs
index 202497601d..f81dd3ec72 100644
--- a/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs
+++ b/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs
@@ -350,31 +350,35 @@ impl float16 {
     // ============ Arithmetic (explicit methods) ============
 
     /// Add two `float16` values (via f32).
-#[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)]
+    #[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)]
     #[inline]
     pub fn add(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
         Self::from_f32(self.to_f32() + rhs.to_f32())
     }
 
     /// Subtract two `float16` values (via f32).
+    #[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)]
     #[inline]
     pub fn sub(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
         Self::from_f32(self.to_f32() - rhs.to_f32())
     }
 
     /// Multiply two `float16` values (via f32).
+    #[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)]
     #[inline]
     pub fn mul(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
         Self::from_f32(self.to_f32() * rhs.to_f32())
     }
 
     /// Divide two `float16` values (via f32).
+    #[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)]
     #[inline]
     pub fn div(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
         Self::from_f32(self.to_f32() / rhs.to_f32())
     }
 
     /// Negate this `float16` value.
+    #[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)]
     #[inline]
     pub fn neg(self) -> Self {
         Self(self.0 ^ SIGN_MASK)
diff --git a/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs b/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
index 94d481a1a1..e118aec592 100644
--- a/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
+++ b/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 // KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
+use crate::float16::float16;
 
 use crate::buffer::{Reader, Writer};
 use crate::error::Error;

From 06a245a6b8e1eefca26b0971dd4ee5b57be0f304 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ashhar Ahmad Khan <145142826+AshharAhmadKhan@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 3 Feb 2026 10:45:39 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 05/14] fix: Add missing blank line after license header in
 number.rs

---
 rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs b/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
index e118aec592..741997ea92 100644
--- a/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
+++ b/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 // KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
+
 use crate::float16::float16;
 
 use crate::buffer::{Reader, Writer};

From bf4b600d16a8e7132fca4fd072bd5351dedce5ee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ashhar Ahmad Khan <145142826+AshharAhmadKhan@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Feb 2026 17:47:49 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 06/14] feat: Add IEEE 754 float16 (binary16) support to Rust
 runtime
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

- Add float16 type as transparent wrapper around u16
- Implement IEEE 754 compliant f32<->float16 conversions
  - Round-to-nearest, ties-to-even rounding
  - Proper handling of NaN, Inf, ±0, subnormals
  - Overflow to infinity, underflow to subnormal/zero
- Add buffer read/write methods (write_f16, read_f16)
- Implement Serializer trait for float16
- Add float16 to all relevant type arrays and functions
- Implement arithmetic via f32 round-back
- Use Policy A (bitwise Eq/Hash, separate IEEE helpers)
- Add comprehensive unit tests (11 tests, all passing)

Resolves #3207
---
 rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs           | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++
 rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs |  1 +
 rust/fory-core/src/types.rs             |  1 +
 3 files changed, 23 insertions(+)

diff --git a/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs b/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs
index f81dd3ec72..7200f5e1d6 100644
--- a/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs
+++ b/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs
@@ -41,7 +41,10 @@ use std::ops::{Add, Div, Mul, Neg, Sub};
 /// - Subnormals: exponent = 0, mantissa ≠ 0
 #[repr(transparent)]
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Default)]
+<<<<<<< HEAD
 #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+=======
+>>>>>>> fb468d95 (feat: Add IEEE 754 float16 (binary16) support to Rust runtime)
 pub struct float16(u16);
 
 // Bit layout constants
@@ -49,7 +52,10 @@ const SIGN_MASK: u16 = 0x8000;
 const EXP_MASK: u16 = 0x7C00;
 const MANTISSA_MASK: u16 = 0x03FF;
 const EXP_SHIFT: u32 = 10;
+<<<<<<< HEAD
 #[allow(dead_code)]
+=======
+>>>>>>> fb468d95 (feat: Add IEEE 754 float16 (binary16) support to Rust runtime)
 const EXP_BIAS: i32 = 15;
 const MAX_EXP: i32 = 31;
 
@@ -350,35 +356,50 @@ impl float16 {
     // ============ Arithmetic (explicit methods) ============
 
     /// Add two `float16` values (via f32).
+<<<<<<< HEAD
     #[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)]
+=======
+>>>>>>> fb468d95 (feat: Add IEEE 754 float16 (binary16) support to Rust runtime)
     #[inline]
     pub fn add(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
         Self::from_f32(self.to_f32() + rhs.to_f32())
     }
 
     /// Subtract two `float16` values (via f32).
+<<<<<<< HEAD
     #[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)]
+=======
+>>>>>>> fb468d95 (feat: Add IEEE 754 float16 (binary16) support to Rust runtime)
     #[inline]
     pub fn sub(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
         Self::from_f32(self.to_f32() - rhs.to_f32())
     }
 
     /// Multiply two `float16` values (via f32).
+<<<<<<< HEAD
     #[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)]
+=======
+>>>>>>> fb468d95 (feat: Add IEEE 754 float16 (binary16) support to Rust runtime)
     #[inline]
     pub fn mul(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
         Self::from_f32(self.to_f32() * rhs.to_f32())
     }
 
     /// Divide two `float16` values (via f32).
+<<<<<<< HEAD
     #[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)]
+=======
+>>>>>>> fb468d95 (feat: Add IEEE 754 float16 (binary16) support to Rust runtime)
     #[inline]
     pub fn div(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
         Self::from_f32(self.to_f32() / rhs.to_f32())
     }
 
     /// Negate this `float16` value.
+<<<<<<< HEAD
     #[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)]
+=======
+>>>>>>> fb468d95 (feat: Add IEEE 754 float16 (binary16) support to Rust runtime)
     #[inline]
     pub fn neg(self) -> Self {
         Self(self.0 ^ SIGN_MASK)
diff --git a/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs b/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
index f3ca7d9cea..9c39d7309e 100644
--- a/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
+++ b/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 // KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
+use crate::float16::float16;
 
 use crate::float16::float16;
 
diff --git a/rust/fory-core/src/types.rs b/rust/fory-core/src/types.rs
index 6579f6220b..fdf10952e0 100644
--- a/rust/fory-core/src/types.rs
+++ b/rust/fory-core/src/types.rs
@@ -340,6 +340,7 @@ pub static PRIMITIVE_TYPES: [u32; 24] = [
     TypeId::ISIZE as u32,
 ];
 
+<<<<<<< HEAD
 pub static PRIMITIVE_ARRAY_TYPES: [u32; 19] = [
     TypeId::BOOL_ARRAY as u32,
     TypeId::BINARY as u32,

From db0be4a7cce898e629168f926196a937e11f8905 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ashhar Ahmad Khan <145142826+AshharAhmadKhan@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Feb 2026 00:04:39 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 07/14] fix: Correct TypeId return types and array size for
 float16 support

---
 rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs | 8 ++++----
 rust/fory-core/src/types.rs             | 1 +
 2 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs b/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
index 9c39d7309e..aaa07670f0 100644
--- a/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
+++ b/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
@@ -119,12 +119,12 @@ impl Serializer for float16 {
         std::mem::size_of::<float16>()
     }
     #[inline(always)]
-    fn fory_get_type_id(_: &TypeResolver) -> Result<u32, Error> {
-        Ok(TypeId::FLOAT16 as u32)
+    fn fory_get_type_id(_: &TypeResolver) -> Result<TypeId, Error> {
+        Ok(TypeId::FLOAT16)
     }
     #[inline(always)]
-    fn fory_type_id_dyn(&self, _: &TypeResolver) -> Result<u32, Error> {
-        Ok(TypeId::FLOAT16 as u32)
+    fn fory_type_id_dyn(&self, _: &TypeResolver) -> Result<TypeId, Error> {
+        Ok(TypeId::FLOAT16)
     }
     #[inline(always)]
     fn fory_static_type_id() -> TypeId {
diff --git a/rust/fory-core/src/types.rs b/rust/fory-core/src/types.rs
index fdf10952e0..7c2f4aff0d 100644
--- a/rust/fory-core/src/types.rs
+++ b/rust/fory-core/src/types.rs
@@ -342,6 +342,7 @@ pub static PRIMITIVE_TYPES: [u32; 24] = [
 
 <<<<<<< HEAD
 pub static PRIMITIVE_ARRAY_TYPES: [u32; 19] = [
+>>>>>>> 54812157 (fix: Correct TypeId return types and array size for float16 support)
     TypeId::BOOL_ARRAY as u32,
     TypeId::BINARY as u32,
     TypeId::INT8_ARRAY as u32,

From 0e392aab100d80fc3cbfa0257d1c3d90bc446d87 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ashhar Ahmad Khan <145142826+AshharAhmadKhan@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Feb 2026 00:12:57 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 08/14] fix: Resolve merge conflicts in float16.rs and types.rs

---
 rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs           | 27 -------------------------
 rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs |  1 -
 rust/fory-core/src/types.rs             |  3 +--
 3 files changed, 1 insertion(+), 30 deletions(-)

diff --git a/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs b/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs
index 7200f5e1d6..08802e65d9 100644
--- a/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs
+++ b/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs
@@ -41,10 +41,7 @@ use std::ops::{Add, Div, Mul, Neg, Sub};
 /// - Subnormals: exponent = 0, mantissa ≠ 0
 #[repr(transparent)]
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Default)]
-<<<<<<< HEAD
 #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
-=======
->>>>>>> fb468d95 (feat: Add IEEE 754 float16 (binary16) support to Rust runtime)
 pub struct float16(u16);
 
 // Bit layout constants
@@ -52,10 +49,6 @@ const SIGN_MASK: u16 = 0x8000;
 const EXP_MASK: u16 = 0x7C00;
 const MANTISSA_MASK: u16 = 0x03FF;
 const EXP_SHIFT: u32 = 10;
-<<<<<<< HEAD
-#[allow(dead_code)]
-=======
->>>>>>> fb468d95 (feat: Add IEEE 754 float16 (binary16) support to Rust runtime)
 const EXP_BIAS: i32 = 15;
 const MAX_EXP: i32 = 31;
 
@@ -356,50 +349,30 @@ impl float16 {
     // ============ Arithmetic (explicit methods) ============
 
     /// Add two `float16` values (via f32).
-<<<<<<< HEAD
-    #[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)]
-=======
->>>>>>> fb468d95 (feat: Add IEEE 754 float16 (binary16) support to Rust runtime)
     #[inline]
     pub fn add(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
         Self::from_f32(self.to_f32() + rhs.to_f32())
     }
 
     /// Subtract two `float16` values (via f32).
-<<<<<<< HEAD
-    #[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)]
-=======
->>>>>>> fb468d95 (feat: Add IEEE 754 float16 (binary16) support to Rust runtime)
     #[inline]
     pub fn sub(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
         Self::from_f32(self.to_f32() - rhs.to_f32())
     }
 
     /// Multiply two `float16` values (via f32).
-<<<<<<< HEAD
-    #[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)]
-=======
->>>>>>> fb468d95 (feat: Add IEEE 754 float16 (binary16) support to Rust runtime)
     #[inline]
     pub fn mul(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
         Self::from_f32(self.to_f32() * rhs.to_f32())
     }
 
     /// Divide two `float16` values (via f32).
-<<<<<<< HEAD
-    #[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)]
-=======
->>>>>>> fb468d95 (feat: Add IEEE 754 float16 (binary16) support to Rust runtime)
     #[inline]
     pub fn div(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
         Self::from_f32(self.to_f32() / rhs.to_f32())
     }
 
     /// Negate this `float16` value.
-<<<<<<< HEAD
-    #[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)]
-=======
->>>>>>> fb468d95 (feat: Add IEEE 754 float16 (binary16) support to Rust runtime)
     #[inline]
     pub fn neg(self) -> Self {
         Self(self.0 ^ SIGN_MASK)
diff --git a/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs b/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
index aaa07670f0..98acce9cd1 100644
--- a/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
+++ b/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 // under the License.
 use crate::float16::float16;
 
-use crate::float16::float16;
 
 use crate::buffer::{Reader, Writer};
 use crate::error::Error;
diff --git a/rust/fory-core/src/types.rs b/rust/fory-core/src/types.rs
index 7c2f4aff0d..6d68b3a3c8 100644
--- a/rust/fory-core/src/types.rs
+++ b/rust/fory-core/src/types.rs
@@ -340,9 +340,7 @@ pub static PRIMITIVE_TYPES: [u32; 24] = [
     TypeId::ISIZE as u32,
 ];
 
-<<<<<<< HEAD
 pub static PRIMITIVE_ARRAY_TYPES: [u32; 19] = [
->>>>>>> 54812157 (fix: Correct TypeId return types and array size for float16 support)
     TypeId::BOOL_ARRAY as u32,
     TypeId::BINARY as u32,
     TypeId::INT8_ARRAY as u32,
@@ -362,6 +360,7 @@ pub static PRIMITIVE_ARRAY_TYPES: [u32; 19] = [
     TypeId::U128_ARRAY as u32,
     TypeId::INT128_ARRAY as u32,
     TypeId::USIZE_ARRAY as u32,
+    TypeId::ISIZE_ARRAY as u32,
 ];
 pub static BASIC_TYPE_NAMES: [&str; 19] = [
     "bool",

From d7192b4f93ca7127f02731a33b77f1dda9e409d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ashhar Ahmad Khan <145142826+AshharAhmadKhan@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Feb 2026 00:14:29 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 09/14] fix: Add blank line after license header in number.rs

---
 rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs b/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
index 98acce9cd1..8b845e1c18 100644
--- a/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
+++ b/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 // KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
+
 use crate::float16::float16;
 
 

From 71778abc3c5600e21f52f00b2baffe50335de943 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ashhar Ahmad Khan <145142826+AshharAhmadKhan@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 10 Feb 2026 23:51:50 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 10/14] fix: Resolve Clippy warnings and formatting for float16
 implementation

All 400+ tests passing. Clippy clean. Ready for CI review.
---
 rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs           | 7 ++++++-
 rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs | 1 -
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs b/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs
index 08802e65d9..db9c47cb7c 100644
--- a/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs
+++ b/rust/fory-core/src/float16.rs
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ const SIGN_MASK: u16 = 0x8000;
 const EXP_MASK: u16 = 0x7C00;
 const MANTISSA_MASK: u16 = 0x03FF;
 const EXP_SHIFT: u32 = 10;
-const EXP_BIAS: i32 = 15;
+// const EXP_BIAS: i32 = 15;  // Reserved for future use
 const MAX_EXP: i32 = 31;
 
 // Special bit patterns
@@ -350,30 +350,35 @@ impl float16 {
 
     /// Add two `float16` values (via f32).
     #[inline]
+    #[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)]
     pub fn add(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
         Self::from_f32(self.to_f32() + rhs.to_f32())
     }
 
     /// Subtract two `float16` values (via f32).
     #[inline]
+    #[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)]
     pub fn sub(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
         Self::from_f32(self.to_f32() - rhs.to_f32())
     }
 
     /// Multiply two `float16` values (via f32).
     #[inline]
+    #[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)]
     pub fn mul(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
         Self::from_f32(self.to_f32() * rhs.to_f32())
     }
 
     /// Divide two `float16` values (via f32).
     #[inline]
+    #[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)]
     pub fn div(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
         Self::from_f32(self.to_f32() / rhs.to_f32())
     }
 
     /// Negate this `float16` value.
     #[inline]
+    #[allow(clippy::should_implement_trait)]
     pub fn neg(self) -> Self {
         Self(self.0 ^ SIGN_MASK)
     }
diff --git a/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs b/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
index 8b845e1c18..632cb9ad7b 100644
--- a/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
+++ b/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/number.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 
 use crate::float16::float16;
 
-
 use crate::buffer::{Reader, Writer};
 use crate::error::Error;
 use crate::resolver::context::ReadContext;

From 12458588a6f06d90c3625e113cc35eb211c15b1f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ashhar Ahmad Khan <145142826+AshharAhmadKhan@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 15:00:22 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 11/14] fix: wire float16 into builtin resolver, skip, and
 primitive list path; add tests

- Register float16 and Vec<float16> in builtin type resolver (P1: fixes polymorphic Box/Rc/Arc paths)
- Add FLOAT16/FLOAT16_ARRAY cases to skip.rs (P1: fixes compatible/schema-evolution deserialization)
- Add FLOAT16 to get_primitive_type_id and is_primitive_type in list.rs (P1: Vec<float16> now serializes as FLOAT16_ARRAY not LIST)
- Add float16 Vec tests: basic round-trip, special values (Inf/NaN/subnormal), empty
- Add float16 array tests: basic round-trip, special values
- Remove testfile.txt

Addresses all P1 review comments from @chaokunyang
---
 rust/fory-core/src/resolver/type_resolver.rs |  2 ++
 rust/fory-core/src/serializer/list.rs        |  2 ++
 rust/fory-core/src/serializer/skip.rs        | 10 ++++++
 rust/tests/tests/test_array.rs               | 23 +++++++++++++
 rust/tests/tests/test_list.rs                | 36 ++++++++++++++++++++
 testfile.txt                                 |  1 -
 6 files changed, 73 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 delete mode 100644 testfile.txt

diff --git a/rust/fory-core/src/resolver/type_resolver.rs b/rust/fory-core/src/resolver/type_resolver.rs
index c88f2fa612..4c67f483a3 100644
--- a/rust/fory-core/src/resolver/type_resolver.rs
+++ b/rust/fory-core/src/resolver/type_resolver.rs
@@ -731,6 +731,7 @@ impl TypeResolver {
         self.register_internal_serializer::<i128>(TypeId::INT128)?;
         self.register_internal_serializer::<f32>(TypeId::FLOAT32)?;
         self.register_internal_serializer::<f64>(TypeId::FLOAT64)?;
+        self.register_internal_serializer::<crate::float16::float16>(TypeId::FLOAT16)?;
         self.register_internal_serializer::<u8>(TypeId::UINT8)?;
         self.register_internal_serializer::<u16>(TypeId::UINT16)?;
         self.register_internal_serializer::<u32>(TypeId::VAR_UINT32)?;
@@ -748,6 +749,7 @@ impl TypeResolver {
         self.register_internal_serializer::<Vec<i64>>(TypeId::INT64_ARRAY)?;
         self.register_internal_serializer::<Vec<f32>>(TypeId::FLOAT32_ARRAY)?;
         self.register_internal_serializer::<Vec<f64>>(TypeId::FLOAT64_ARRAY)?;
+        self.register_internal_serializer::<Vec<crate::float16::float16>>(TypeId::FLOAT16_ARRAY)?;
         self.register_internal_serializer::<Vec<u8>>(TypeId::BINARY)?;
         self.register_internal_serializer::<Vec<u16>>(TypeId::UINT16_ARRAY)?;
         self.register_internal_serializer::<Vec<u32>>(TypeId::UINT32_ARRAY)?;
diff --git a/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/list.rs b/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/list.rs
index 54fad4f61c..d93d583699 100644
--- a/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/list.rs
+++ b/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/list.rs
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ pub(super) fn get_primitive_type_id<T: Serializer>() -> TypeId {
         TypeId::INT32 | TypeId::VARINT32 => TypeId::INT32_ARRAY,
         // Handle INT64, VARINT64, and TAGGED_INT64 (i64 uses VARINT64 in xlang mode)
         TypeId::INT64 | TypeId::VARINT64 | TypeId::TAGGED_INT64 => TypeId::INT64_ARRAY,
+        TypeId::FLOAT16 => TypeId::FLOAT16_ARRAY,
         TypeId::FLOAT32 => TypeId::FLOAT32_ARRAY,
         TypeId::FLOAT64 => TypeId::FLOAT64_ARRAY,
         TypeId::UINT8 => TypeId::BINARY,
@@ -75,6 +76,7 @@ pub(super) fn is_primitive_type<T: Serializer>() -> bool {
             | TypeId::VARINT64
             | TypeId::TAGGED_INT64
             | TypeId::INT128
+            | TypeId::FLOAT16
             | TypeId::FLOAT32
             | TypeId::FLOAT64
             | TypeId::UINT8
diff --git a/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/skip.rs b/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/skip.rs
index b1b40352d5..b96d26e82c 100644
--- a/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/skip.rs
+++ b/rust/fory-core/src/serializer/skip.rs
@@ -534,6 +534,11 @@ fn skip_value(
             context.reader.read_tagged_u64()?;
         }
 
+        // ============ FLOAT16 (TypeId = 17) ============
+        types::FLOAT16 => {
+            <crate::float16::float16 as Serializer>::fory_read_data(context)?;
+        }
+
         // ============ FLOAT32 (TypeId = 17) ============
         types::FLOAT32 => {
             <f32 as Serializer>::fory_read_data(context)?;
@@ -688,6 +693,11 @@ fn skip_value(
             <Vec<u64> as Serializer>::fory_read_data(context)?;
         }
 
+        // ============ FLOAT16_ARRAY (TypeId = 53) ============
+        types::FLOAT16_ARRAY => {
+            <Vec<crate::float16::float16> as Serializer>::fory_read_data(context)?;
+        }
+
         // ============ FLOAT32_ARRAY (TypeId = 51) ============
         types::FLOAT32_ARRAY => {
             <Vec<f32> as Serializer>::fory_read_data(context)?;
diff --git a/rust/tests/tests/test_array.rs b/rust/tests/tests/test_array.rs
index 76a8bf8b12..64be664b76 100644
--- a/rust/tests/tests/test_array.rs
+++ b/rust/tests/tests/test_array.rs
@@ -369,3 +369,26 @@ fn test_array_rc_trait_objects() {
         assert!((shape.area() - expected_areas[i]).abs() < 0.001);
     }
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_array_float16() {
+    use fory_core::float16::float16;
+    let fory = fory_core::fory::Fory::default();
+    let arr = [float16::from_f32(1.0), float16::from_f32(2.5), float16::from_f32(-1.5), float16::ZERO];
+    let bin = fory.serialize(&arr).unwrap();
+    let obj: [float16; 4] = fory.deserialize(&bin).expect("deserialize float16 array");
+    for (a, b) in arr.iter().zip(obj.iter()) { assert_eq!(a.to_bits(), b.to_bits()); }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_array_float16_special_values() {
+    use fory_core::float16::float16;
+    let fory = fory_core::fory::Fory::default();
+    let arr = [float16::INFINITY, float16::NEG_INFINITY, float16::MAX, float16::MIN_POSITIVE, float16::MIN_POSITIVE_SUBNORMAL];
+    let bin = fory.serialize(&arr).unwrap();
+    let obj: [float16; 5] = fory.deserialize(&bin).expect("deserialize float16 array specials");
+    assert!(obj[0].is_infinite() && obj[0].is_sign_positive());
+    assert!(obj[1].is_infinite() && obj[1].is_sign_negative());
+    assert_eq!(obj[2].to_bits(), float16::MAX.to_bits());
+    assert!(obj[4].is_subnormal());
+}
diff --git a/rust/tests/tests/test_list.rs b/rust/tests/tests/test_list.rs
index 87311cf354..90ce886525 100644
--- a/rust/tests/tests/test_list.rs
+++ b/rust/tests/tests/test_list.rs
@@ -138,3 +138,39 @@ fn test_struct_with_collections() {
     let obj: CollectionStruct = fory.deserialize(&bin).expect("deserialize");
     assert_eq!(data, obj);
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_vec_float16_basic() {
+    use fory_core::float16::float16;
+    let fory = fory_core::fory::Fory::default();
+    let vec: Vec<float16> = vec![float16::from_f32(1.0), float16::from_f32(2.5), float16::from_f32(-3.0), float16::ZERO];
+    let bin = fory.serialize(&vec).unwrap();
+    let obj: Vec<float16> = fory.deserialize(&bin).expect("deserialize float16 vec");
+    assert_eq!(vec.len(), obj.len());
+    for (a, b) in vec.iter().zip(obj.iter()) { assert_eq!(a.to_bits(), b.to_bits()); }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_vec_float16_special_values() {
+    use fory_core::float16::float16;
+    let fory = fory_core::fory::Fory::default();
+    let vec: Vec<float16> = vec![float16::INFINITY, float16::NEG_INFINITY, float16::NAN, float16::MAX, float16::MIN_POSITIVE, float16::MIN_POSITIVE_SUBNORMAL];
+    let bin = fory.serialize(&vec).unwrap();
+    let obj: Vec<float16> = fory.deserialize(&bin).expect("deserialize float16 special");
+    assert_eq!(vec.len(), obj.len());
+    assert!(obj[0].is_infinite() && obj[0].is_sign_positive());
+    assert!(obj[1].is_infinite() && obj[1].is_sign_negative());
+    assert!(obj[2].is_nan());
+    assert_eq!(obj[3].to_bits(), float16::MAX.to_bits());
+    assert!(obj[5].is_subnormal());
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_vec_float16_empty() {
+    use fory_core::float16::float16;
+    let fory = fory_core::fory::Fory::default();
+    let vec: Vec<float16> = vec![];
+    let bin = fory.serialize(&vec).unwrap();
+    let obj: Vec<float16> = fory.deserialize(&bin).expect("deserialize empty float16 vec");
+    assert_eq!(obj.len(), 0);
+}
diff --git a/testfile.txt b/testfile.txt
deleted file mode 100644
index 9daeafb986..0000000000
--- a/testfile.txt
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-test

From b46ab593ef885ce65d2a39325f205680c2ead743 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ashhar Ahmad Khan <145142826+AshharAhmadKhan@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 15:11:02 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 12/14] style: apply cargo fmt to float16 test files

---
 rust/tests/tests/test_array.rs | 23 +++++++++++++++++++----
 rust/tests/tests/test_list.rs  | 24 ++++++++++++++++++++----
 2 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/rust/tests/tests/test_array.rs b/rust/tests/tests/test_array.rs
index 64be664b76..84e0201fe3 100644
--- a/rust/tests/tests/test_array.rs
+++ b/rust/tests/tests/test_array.rs
@@ -374,19 +374,34 @@ fn test_array_rc_trait_objects() {
 fn test_array_float16() {
     use fory_core::float16::float16;
     let fory = fory_core::fory::Fory::default();
-    let arr = [float16::from_f32(1.0), float16::from_f32(2.5), float16::from_f32(-1.5), float16::ZERO];
+    let arr = [
+        float16::from_f32(1.0),
+        float16::from_f32(2.5),
+        float16::from_f32(-1.5),
+        float16::ZERO,
+    ];
     let bin = fory.serialize(&arr).unwrap();
     let obj: [float16; 4] = fory.deserialize(&bin).expect("deserialize float16 array");
-    for (a, b) in arr.iter().zip(obj.iter()) { assert_eq!(a.to_bits(), b.to_bits()); }
+    for (a, b) in arr.iter().zip(obj.iter()) {
+        assert_eq!(a.to_bits(), b.to_bits());
+    }
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_array_float16_special_values() {
     use fory_core::float16::float16;
     let fory = fory_core::fory::Fory::default();
-    let arr = [float16::INFINITY, float16::NEG_INFINITY, float16::MAX, float16::MIN_POSITIVE, float16::MIN_POSITIVE_SUBNORMAL];
+    let arr = [
+        float16::INFINITY,
+        float16::NEG_INFINITY,
+        float16::MAX,
+        float16::MIN_POSITIVE,
+        float16::MIN_POSITIVE_SUBNORMAL,
+    ];
     let bin = fory.serialize(&arr).unwrap();
-    let obj: [float16; 5] = fory.deserialize(&bin).expect("deserialize float16 array specials");
+    let obj: [float16; 5] = fory
+        .deserialize(&bin)
+        .expect("deserialize float16 array specials");
     assert!(obj[0].is_infinite() && obj[0].is_sign_positive());
     assert!(obj[1].is_infinite() && obj[1].is_sign_negative());
     assert_eq!(obj[2].to_bits(), float16::MAX.to_bits());
diff --git a/rust/tests/tests/test_list.rs b/rust/tests/tests/test_list.rs
index 90ce886525..627dd62646 100644
--- a/rust/tests/tests/test_list.rs
+++ b/rust/tests/tests/test_list.rs
@@ -143,18 +143,32 @@ fn test_struct_with_collections() {
 fn test_vec_float16_basic() {
     use fory_core::float16::float16;
     let fory = fory_core::fory::Fory::default();
-    let vec: Vec<float16> = vec![float16::from_f32(1.0), float16::from_f32(2.5), float16::from_f32(-3.0), float16::ZERO];
+    let vec: Vec<float16> = vec![
+        float16::from_f32(1.0),
+        float16::from_f32(2.5),
+        float16::from_f32(-3.0),
+        float16::ZERO,
+    ];
     let bin = fory.serialize(&vec).unwrap();
     let obj: Vec<float16> = fory.deserialize(&bin).expect("deserialize float16 vec");
     assert_eq!(vec.len(), obj.len());
-    for (a, b) in vec.iter().zip(obj.iter()) { assert_eq!(a.to_bits(), b.to_bits()); }
+    for (a, b) in vec.iter().zip(obj.iter()) {
+        assert_eq!(a.to_bits(), b.to_bits());
+    }
 }
 
 #[test]
 fn test_vec_float16_special_values() {
     use fory_core::float16::float16;
     let fory = fory_core::fory::Fory::default();
-    let vec: Vec<float16> = vec![float16::INFINITY, float16::NEG_INFINITY, float16::NAN, float16::MAX, float16::MIN_POSITIVE, float16::MIN_POSITIVE_SUBNORMAL];
+    let vec: Vec<float16> = vec![
+        float16::INFINITY,
+        float16::NEG_INFINITY,
+        float16::NAN,
+        float16::MAX,
+        float16::MIN_POSITIVE,
+        float16::MIN_POSITIVE_SUBNORMAL,
+    ];
     let bin = fory.serialize(&vec).unwrap();
     let obj: Vec<float16> = fory.deserialize(&bin).expect("deserialize float16 special");
     assert_eq!(vec.len(), obj.len());
@@ -171,6 +185,8 @@ fn test_vec_float16_empty() {
     let fory = fory_core::fory::Fory::default();
     let vec: Vec<float16> = vec![];
     let bin = fory.serialize(&vec).unwrap();
-    let obj: Vec<float16> = fory.deserialize(&bin).expect("deserialize empty float16 vec");
+    let obj: Vec<float16> = fory
+        .deserialize(&bin)
+        .expect("deserialize empty float16 vec");
     assert_eq!(obj.len(), 0);
 }

From 25e894b12af4c6d37aa92327a13b8ce76017b54e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ashhar Ahmad Khan <145142826+AshharAhmadKhan@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 2026 19:43:20 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 13/14] fix: add float16 to PRIMITIVE_TYPE_NAMES,
 get_primitive_type_id, get_type_id_by_name, and array type mapping in
 fory-derive util.rs

---
 rust/fory-derive/src/object/util.rs | 11 +++++++----
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/rust/fory-derive/src/object/util.rs b/rust/fory-derive/src/object/util.rs
index 39c07c3187..07c40b4959 100644
--- a/rust/fory-derive/src/object/util.rs
+++ b/rust/fory-derive/src/object/util.rs
@@ -531,6 +531,7 @@ pub(super) fn generic_tree_to_tokens(node: &TypeNode) -> TokenStream {
                     "i32" => quote! { fory_core::types::TypeId::INT32_ARRAY as u32 },
                     "i64" => quote! { fory_core::types::TypeId::INT64_ARRAY as u32 },
                     "i128" => quote! { fory_core::types::TypeId::INT128_ARRAY as u32 },
+                    "float16" => quote! { fory_core::types::TypeId::FLOAT16_ARRAY as u32 },
                     "f32" => quote! { fory_core::types::TypeId::FLOAT32_ARRAY as u32 },
                     "f64" => quote! { fory_core::types::TypeId::FLOAT64_ARRAY as u32 },
                     "u8" => quote! { fory_core::types::TypeId::BINARY as u32 },
@@ -696,8 +697,9 @@ fn extract_option_inner(s: &str) -> Option<&str> {
     s.strip_prefix("Option<")?.strip_suffix(">")
 }
 
-const PRIMITIVE_TYPE_NAMES: [&str; 13] = [
-    "bool", "i8", "i16", "i32", "i64", "i128", "f32", "f64", "u8", "u16", "u32", "u64", "u128",
+const PRIMITIVE_TYPE_NAMES: [&str; 14] = [
+    "bool", "i8", "i16", "i32", "i64", "i128", "float16", "f32", "f64", "u8", "u16", "u32", "u64",
+    "u128",
 ];
 
 fn get_primitive_type_id(ty: &str) -> u32 {
@@ -709,6 +711,7 @@ fn get_primitive_type_id(ty: &str) -> u32 {
         "i32" => TypeId::VARINT32 as u32,
         // Use VARINT64 for i64 to match Java xlang mode and Rust type resolver registration
         "i64" => TypeId::VARINT64 as u32,
+        "float16" => TypeId::FLOAT16 as u32,
         "f32" => TypeId::FLOAT32 as u32,
         "f64" => TypeId::FLOAT64 as u32,
         "u8" => TypeId::UINT8 as u32,
@@ -983,7 +986,7 @@ pub(crate) fn get_type_id_by_name(ty: &str) -> u32 {
         "Vec<i32>" => return TypeId::INT32_ARRAY as u32,
         "Vec<i64>" => return TypeId::INT64_ARRAY as u32,
         "Vec<i128>" => return TypeId::INT128_ARRAY as u32,
-        "Vec<f16>" => return TypeId::FLOAT16_ARRAY as u32,
+        "Vec<float16>" => return TypeId::FLOAT16_ARRAY as u32,
         "Vec<f32>" => return TypeId::FLOAT32_ARRAY as u32,
         "Vec<f64>" => return TypeId::FLOAT64_ARRAY as u32,
         "Vec<u16>" => return TypeId::UINT16_ARRAY as u32,
@@ -1005,7 +1008,7 @@ pub(crate) fn get_type_id_by_name(ty: &str) -> u32 {
                 "i32" => return TypeId::INT32_ARRAY as u32,
                 "i64" => return TypeId::INT64_ARRAY as u32,
                 "i128" => return TypeId::INT128_ARRAY as u32,
-                "f16" => return TypeId::FLOAT16_ARRAY as u32,
+                "float16" => return TypeId::FLOAT16_ARRAY as u32,
                 "f32" => return TypeId::FLOAT32_ARRAY as u32,
                 "f64" => return TypeId::FLOAT64_ARRAY as u32,
                 "u16" => return TypeId::UINT16_ARRAY as u32,

From ff09c5e9c6594ea8f4ff7732041149d51c3c94cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Ashhar Ahmad Khan <145142826+AshharAhmadKhan@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 21 Feb 2026 19:45:42 +0530
Subject: [PATCH 14/14] fix: handle float16 default init in fory-derive
 read.rs; add ForyObject struct test with float16 fields

- Add float16 special case in declare_var to use float16::ZERO instead of 0 as float16
- Add test_struct_with_float16_fields: ForyObject struct with scalar, Vec<float16>, [float16;3] fields
---
 rust/fory-derive/src/object/read.rs    |  4 +++
 rust/tests/tests/test_simple_struct.rs | 42 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 46 insertions(+)

diff --git a/rust/fory-derive/src/object/read.rs b/rust/fory-derive/src/object/read.rs
index 4f931bd493..7873347305 100644
--- a/rust/fory-derive/src/object/read.rs
+++ b/rust/fory-derive/src/object/read.rs
@@ -186,6 +186,10 @@ pub(crate) fn declare_var(source_fields: &[SourceField<'_>]) -> Vec<TokenStream>
                         quote! {
                             let mut #var_name: Option<#ty> = None;
                         }
+                    } else if extract_type_name(&field.ty) == "float16" {
+                        quote! {
+                            let mut #var_name: fory_core::float16::float16 = fory_core::float16::float16::ZERO;
+                        }
                     } else if extract_type_name(&field.ty) == "bool" {
                         quote! {
                             let mut #var_name: bool = false;
diff --git a/rust/tests/tests/test_simple_struct.rs b/rust/tests/tests/test_simple_struct.rs
index f96f1a4d33..33b1ac5616 100644
--- a/rust/tests/tests/test_simple_struct.rs
+++ b/rust/tests/tests/test_simple_struct.rs
@@ -207,3 +207,45 @@ fn test_compatible_map_to_empty_struct() {
     let _result: EmptyData = fory2.deserialize(&bytes).unwrap();
     // If we get here without panic, the test passes
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn test_struct_with_float16_fields() {
+    use fory_core::float16::float16;
+
+    #[derive(ForyObject, Debug)]
+    struct Float16Data {
+        scalar: float16,
+        vec_field: Vec<float16>,
+        arr_field: [float16; 3],
+    }
+
+    let mut fory = Fory::default();
+    fory.register::<Float16Data>(200).unwrap();
+
+    let obj = Float16Data {
+        scalar: float16::from_f32(1.5),
+        vec_field: vec![
+            float16::from_f32(1.0),
+            float16::from_f32(2.0),
+            float16::INFINITY,
+        ],
+        arr_field: [float16::from_f32(-1.0), float16::MAX, float16::ZERO],
+    };
+
+    let bin = fory.serialize(&obj).unwrap();
+    let obj2: Float16Data = fory.deserialize(&bin).expect("deserialize Float16Data");
+
+    assert_eq!(obj2.scalar.to_bits(), float16::from_f32(1.5).to_bits());
+    assert_eq!(obj2.vec_field.len(), 3);
+    assert_eq!(
+        obj2.vec_field[0].to_bits(),
+        float16::from_f32(1.0).to_bits()
+    );
+    assert!(obj2.vec_field[2].is_infinite() && obj2.vec_field[2].is_sign_positive());
+    assert_eq!(
+        obj2.arr_field[0].to_bits(),
+        float16::from_f32(-1.0).to_bits()
+    );
+    assert_eq!(obj2.arr_field[1].to_bits(), float16::MAX.to_bits());
+    assert_eq!(obj2.arr_field[2].to_bits(), float16::ZERO.to_bits());
+}