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+
+# Methodology for Cornerstone U.S. National Model 
+
+Wesley Ingwersen, [WesIngwersen](https://github.com/orgs/cornerstone-data/people/WesIngwersen)
+
+Ben Young, [bl-young](https://github.com/orgs/cornerstone-data/people/bl-young)
+
+Mo Li, [MoLi7](https://github.com/orgs/cornerstone-data/people/MoLi7)
+
+Jorge Vendries, [jvendries](https://github.com/orgs/cornerstone-data/people/jvendries)
+
+Catherine Birney, [catherinebirney](https://github.com/orgs/cornerstone-data/people/catherinebirney)
+
+Brian Tobin, [briantobin-99](https://github.com/orgs/cornerstone-data/people/briantobin-99)
+
+This paper describes the methodological approach to building the detailed United States national environmentally-extended input-output (EEIO) model that is to be integrated into the Cornerstone (CS) global EEIO model, v1.0.
+This U.S. model is intended to meet the model requirements for the US national component described in the [v1 model requirements](https://github.com/cornerstone-data/methods/blob/main/ModelRequirements.md).
+This methodology draws on approaches used previously in the the USEEI0 and CEDA-US models. 
+The Cornerstone team first reviewed and identified all the differences between reference USEEIO and CEDA-US models, and the systematically assessed the differences both theoretically and quantitatively, as relevant. 
+That work is captured in a discussions and related scripts found in the [cornerstone-data/methods](https://github.com/cornerstone-data/methods) repository. References to those discussions are provided herein.
+
+The description of the methodology is split into three sections: (1) the economic data and steps used to forming the basis economic input-output table (IOT) matrices and associated economic datasets;
+(2) the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) model and the approach used to estimate industry GHG totals; and (3) the integration of the economic and environmental data to form model result matrices of direct GHG emissions per dollar. 
+
+Additional steps in the preparation of the EEIO model occur in concert with the development of the model for other countries and regions and their integration into the global model and are not described here.
+
+# Data Source and Procedures for Construction of IOTs
+
+Data are requiring for building the economic IOTs as well as for linking the environmental data to build the EEIO extensions.
+
+## Data Inputs to IOTs
+The data sources used are listed in [Table 1](#table-1.-economic-data-sources).
+
+### Table 1. Data Sources Used in IOT Construction
+| Name                                                       | Creator | Sources | DataYears |
+|:-----------------------------------------------------------|:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------|
+| Make and Use, Detail, After Redefinitions, Producer Price | BEA | [Bureau of Economic Analysis Industry Input-Output Accounts](https://www.bea.gov/industry/input-output-accounts-data) | 2017 |
+| Gross Output by Industry                                   | BEA | [Gross Output By Industry](https://www.bea.gov/data/industries/gross-output-by-industry) | 2017, 2023 |
+| Gross Output Chain Price Index                             | BEA | [Gross Output By Industry](https://www.bea.gov/data/industries/gross-output-by-industry) | 2012-2024 |
+| Make, Detail, Before Redefinitions, Producer Price         | BEA | [Bureau of Economic Analysis Industry Input-Output Accounts](https://www.bea.gov/industry/input-output-accounts-data) | 2017 |
+| Margins                                                    | BEA | [Bureau of Economic Analysis Industry Underlying Estimates](https://www.bea.gov/industry/industry-underlying-estimates) | 2017 |
+| Import Matrix, After Redefinitions                         | BEA | [Bureau of Economic Analysis Industry Input-Output Accounts](https://www.bea.gov/industry/input-output-accounts-data) | 2017 |
+| Summary Statistics for  Waste Sector (EC1756BASIC)                                              | Census Bureau | [2017 Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services (NAICS Sector 56)](https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2017/econ/economic-census/naics-sector-56.html) | 2017 |
+| Services Annual Survey                                              | Census Bureau | [Services Annual Survey (SAS)](https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/sas/tables/time-series/sas-latest/sas-22.xlsx) | 2017 |
+|  Biennial Report                                           |  EPA | [RCRAInfo Hazardous Waste Information Platform](https://rcrapublic.epa.gov/rcra-hwip/) | 2012 |
+
+The benchmark Make and Use matrices from the BEA, provided at 5 year intervals, were the fundamental US IOT inputs to USEEIO and CEDA models.
+The 2017 tables are the most recent official release.
+These tables are prepared in producer and purchaser price, as well as "Before redefinitions" (BR) and "After Redefinitions" (AR).
+We use the producer price version as was done previously both for USEEIO and CEDA. 
+The purchaser price version provide less transparency in the input requirements because for each value in the Use table for an industries' use of a commodity includes not just the value of the commodity used but also the value of added wholesale, retail and transportation costs.
+The producer price version is used to provide more transparency.
+
+We use the AR version of the Make and Use tables, which were previously used in CEDA. 
+See [discussion #3](https://github.com/cornerstone-data/methods/discussions/3) on the choice of AR tables.
+"Redefinitions" are defined by BEA in the [IO manual](https://www.bea.gov/resources/methodologies/concepts-methods-io-accounts) as "secondary products that are produced using input patterns that differ substantially from that of the primary product of the industry in which they are produced."
+In the AR Make table, the BEA takes selected commodity outputs from industries that are producing it as a secondary product and moves it to the primary producing industry (the industry with the same code as the commodity since in the BEA tables industries use the same codes as commodities). 
+The following list represents most of the redefinitions:
+- Construction activities performed by other industries are redefined to construction.
+- Manufacturing activities in non-manufacturing industries are redefined to manufacturing.
+- Trade activities in non-trade industries are redefined to trade. Redefinitions
+are not made between wholesale and retail trade.
+- Rental activities in non-rental industries are redefined to real estate and rental industries.
+- Service activities in non-service industries are redefined to services."
+
+The redefinitions shift around industry output but commodity output stays the same.
+In the AR Use table, uses of commodities are additionally moved away from industries where commodity output is removed, and to the industries where commodity output was added.
+The result of the redefinitions are commodities with input structures that more closely match the associated primary industry input structure.
+
+The BEA Gross Output by Industry is the authoritative dataset on both annual gross output and annual price index by detailed industry that most closely matches the Make and Use tables. 
+The Import Matrix (AR) is an accompanying table to the selected Use table with values for uses of imported commodities by industries and final users.
+The Margins table contain data on cost of transportation, wholesale and retail to move each commodity to each user corresponding with the benchmark Use table.
+The final three sources listed in Table 1 are used for the waste sector disaggregation.
+The Biennial Report is a collection of has data on the generation, handling and ultimate disposition of wastes that are according the U.S. [Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)](https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-resource-conservation-and-recovery-act) declared as hazardous waste in the U.S. 
+It includes data on specific waste generators, waste type generated, quantity generated, and disposition of the waste. 
+The EC1756BASIC is a set of summary statistics derived from the Economic Census of the Waste sector, reporting data such as costs, revenue, and number of establishments.
+All the uses of these tables are described below. 
+
+## Selected IOT Schema
+A complete list of commodities, industries, and final use types is given in the Appendix. 
+For all selected industries, value added and final demand components we use the BEA's code and name. 
+For all selected commodities we use the BEA code but assign a commodity-like name to differentiate them from industries as done in USEEIO v2.
+
+We use the vast majority of the industries and commodities as given in the 2017 benchmark Make and Use tables as is.
+However there are some cases in which industries or commodities are removed, combined with others, or split into multiple. 
+Those cases are described here. 
+
+### Combination of Industries
+Government industries that produce the same commodities as private industries are aggregated.
+_Federal electric utilities_ (BEA S00101) and _State and local government electric utilities_ (BEA S00202) are included in _Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution_ because all produce _Electricity_. 
+_State and local government passenger transit_ (BEA S00201) is included in _Transit and ground passenger transportation_ (BEA 485000).
+These aggregates are represented with the private industry name and code because this is also the code for the primary product they are producing. 
+ See Discussions [#7](https://github.com/cornerstone-data/methods/discussions/7) and [#44](https://github.com/cornerstone-data/methods/discussions/44).
+
+### Removal of Commodities
+Some items are present in the Make and Use tables as commodities only for accounting/balancing purposes and do not represent tangible commodities. 
+These include:
+- _Customs duties_ (BEA 4200ID)
+- _Noncomparable imports_ (BEA S00300)
+- _Rest of the world adjustment_ (BEA S00900)
+
+_Customs duties_ are tariffs or taxes collected on imports. BEA defines _Rest of the world adjustment_ as "values for exports and imports that have offsetting adjustments to personal consumption expenditures (PCE) and government". _Noncomparable imports_ are "(1) Services that are produced and consumed abroad, such as airport expenditures by U.S. airlines in foreign countries; (2) services imports that are unique, such as payments for the rights to patents, copyrights, or industrial processes; and (3) services imports that cannot be identified by type, such as payments by U.S. companies to their foreign affiliates for an undefined “basket” of services". [BEA IO Manual](https://www.bea.gov/resources/methodologies/concepts-methods-io-accounts).
+
+These commodities are removed from the model as they are not intended to be use to characterize environmental impacts. See discussion [#1](https://github.com/cornerstone-data/methods/discussions/1). Removal details are specified below.
+
+The commodity _Scrap_ (BEA S00401) represents discarded materials but is not specific to any material or product and not determined to be useful for environmental characterization. See discussion [#5](https://github.com/cornerstone-data/methods/discussions/5). It is removed as described below.  
+
+### Addition of Industries and Commodities - Waste Sector
+
+The _Waste and Remediation_ (BEA 562000) industry and associated commodity is replaced with more specific industries and commodities. 
+For each new industry, new commodity is created. 
+
+### Table 2. Waste Sectors
+
+| Industry/Commodity Name                           |  USEEIO Code |
+|---------------------------------------------------|-------------|
+| Solid waste collection                            | 562111      |
+| Hazardous waste collection treatment and disposal | 562HAZ      |
+| Solid waste landfilling                           | 562212      |
+| Solid waste combustors and incinerators           | 562213      |
+| Remediation services                              | 562910      |
+| Material separation/recovery facilities           | 562920      |
+| Other waste collection and treatment services     | 562OTH      |
+
+These are the same waste commodities and industries present in [USEEIO v2.0](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-022-01293-7).
+This results in a net addition of 6 industries and 6 commodities. See discussion [#8](https://github.com/cornerstone-data/methods/discussions/8).
+
+## Treatment of Economic Data and IOT Construction
+
+We use matrix algebra to describe the treatment of the economic data to construct the US IOT. 
+Variables are defined in Table 3. 
+
+### Table 3. Variables.
+
+| Variable        | Contents                                                                               | Shape                 |
+|-----------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------|
+| **A**           | direct requirements matrix                                                             | commodity x commodity |
+| **$A_d$**       | domestic direct requirements matrix                                                    | commodity x commodity |
+| **B**           | direct environmental flows per commodity output matrix                                 | flow x commodity      |
+| **C**           | characterization factor matrix                                                         | indicator x flow      |
+| c               | subscript for commodity                                                                |                       |    
+| d               | subscript for domestic                                                                 |                       |    
+| **$\chi$**      | non-scrap output ratio vector                                                          | industry              |    
+| **i**           | vector of 1s                                                                           | varies                |
+| i               | subscript for industry                                                                 |                       |
+| **L**           | Leontief matrix                                                                        | commodity x commodity |
+| **$L_d$**       | Leontief matrix only including total domestic requirements                             | commodity x commodity |
+| **M**           | direct + indirect flows matrix, aka multipliers                                        | flow x commodity      |
+| m               | subscript for imports                                                                  |                       |
+| **O**           | correspondence matrix                                                                  | varies                |
+| **q** or **Q**  | commodity output vector or matrix                                                      | commodities or commodities x year          |
+| **$\Pi$**       | Price index matrix                                                                     | industry x year       |
+| **R**           | Redefinitions co-product ratios matrix                                                 | industry x commodity  |
+| **s**           | scrap production vector                                                                | industries            |
+| **$\rho$**      | inflation adjustment factor vector                                                     | industries            |
+| **T**           | Commodity mix matrix                                                                   | commodity x industry  |
+| **U**           | Use table industry transactions                                                        | commodity x industry  |
+| **V^**           | Make table                                                                            | industry x commodity  |
+| **W**           | Transformation matrix                                                                  | industry x commodity  |
+| **x** or **X**  | industry output vector or matrix                                                       | industries or industries x year           |
+| **y**           | total final demand vector                                                              | commodities           |
+| y               | subscript for year                                                                     |                       |
+| ^               | symbol that indicates diagonalized form (matrix form) of a vector                      |                       |
+| '               | symbol that indicates the transposition of a matrix of vector                          |                       |
+| -               | bar over to represent a variable before transformation into CS conventions             |                       |
+
+We start with the Make table from BEA, $\bar{V}$, and the Use table from BEA, $\bar{U}$.  
+To combine the government industries we use an industry x industry correspondence matrices, $O_i$, and a commodity by commodity correspondence matrix, $O_c$, to aggregate the sector in the Make (the rows) and Use. 
+In these correspondence matrices the CS sectors are on the rows and the BEA sectors on the columns. 
+This removes the rows and columns of special accounting industries and commodities from the matrices, and aggregates the government utilities. 
+Note that these correspondence matrices do not account for the additions of the waste sectors.
+
+$$ V = O_i \bar{V} O_c' $$
+
+$$ U = O_c \bar{U} O_i' $$
+
+Following this initial mapping to the CS schema, the _Waste and Remediation Services_ (562000) industry and commodity are disaggregated in the $U$ and $V$ tables to match those sectors give in Table 2. 
+ In the Use table, the Biennial Report data on waste shipped to and from the waste sectors is used to allocate the new waste management commodities across the new waste waste management industries based on the relative shares of the total waste shipped.
+ The new waste industries uses of non-waste commodities are estimated based on the detailed expenses from the SAS of the waste industries.
+ The uses of the new waste commodities by non-waste industries was estimated using the Economic Census data.
+ In the Make table, we assume that each new waste industry only produces its primary waste commodity.
+ Further details on this disaggregation procedure can be found in the the Disaggregation of the waste and remediation services sector section of the [USEEIO v2 documentation](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01293-7).
+
+The total commodity and industry output, $q$ and $x$, is derived from the Make table, where $q$ is the columns sums and $x$ is the row sums.
+Although the commodity, _Scrap_, is not part of the final sector schema, it does need to be included in order to adjust the IOT.  
+The scrap amounts produced by each industry, $s$, must be added to get the industry output.   
+
+$$ q = iV $$
+
+$$ x = Vi + s $$
+
+We calculate the non-scrap portion of industry output for each industry in the vector, $\chi$. 
+
+$$ \chi = (x-s){x}^-1 $$
+
+This vector is used to modify the commodity output normalized form of the Make matrix, also knows as the market shares matrix, to reflect an increased input of non-scrap commodities needed to fill the gap left from scrap removal in industry output. This new matrix is $W$.
+
+$$ W = \hat{\chi}^{-1} V\hat{q}^{-1} $$  
+
+The Use table is normalized by industry output and then post-multiplied by $W$ to get $A$ in commodity by commodity format.
+This method for creating the $A$ matrix is based on the _industry- technology_ assumption, wherein the manufacture of the primary and any secondary commodities by an industry uses the same production requirements, and the commodity requirements are based therefore on the mix of industries that produce that commodity, weighted by their relative share of total commodity output. See [Input Output Analysis by R. Miller and P. Blair 2022](https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108676212).
+
+$$ A = U\hat{x}^{-1}W $$
+
+$L$, the Leontief inverse, or the total requirements matrix, is obtained from $A$.
+$L$ is in commodity x commodity form and represents the total upstream inputs of commodities (rows) used to make a commodity (columns).
+
+$$ L = (I - A)^{-1} $$ 
+
+We also prepare domestic versions of the $A$ matrix.  This starts with using a version of the industry transactions in the Use table only with uses of domestic commodities, also known as the import matrix, $U_m$. 
+This has to be conformed to the CS model schema through an aggregation matrix.
+
+$$ U_m = O_c \bar{U_m} O_i' $$
+
+Then we subtracting it from from the Use matrix to estimate a domestic Use table, $U_d$.
+
+$$ U_d = U - U_m $$
+
+Then it can be used to derive the domestic version of the direct requirements, $A_d$.
+
+$$ A_d= U_d\hat{x}^{-1}W $$
+
+We also develop price adjustment factors to adjust for inflation, $\rho$.
+
+The factor are specific to each commodity and year. 
+
+$\rho_y$ is an inflation adjustment factor for commodities in the form of IO based year per given currency year (the columns of the matrix).
+
+$\rho$ is the ratio of the commodity gross output chain price index in IO base year, $by$, to that of year $y$.  
+
+$$ \rho_{y} = \frac{\Pi_{by}}{\Pi_{y}} $$
+
+where $\rho_{y}$ is a vector of inflation factors for every commodity.
+
+The price indices are derived from the BEA Gross Output Chain Price Index, which is a industry by year matrix, $\Pi_i$, of price indices reflecting the annual change in the price of industry gross output relative to the IO year, which is set to 100. 
+The commodity price indices are derived from $\Pi_i$ , using the $W$ transformation matrix after $\Pi$ has been conformed to the model schema.
+
+$$ \Pi_i = O_i \bar{\Pi_i} $$
+
+$$ \Pi_i = \Pi_i W $$
+
+The industry and commodity gross output are also estimated for non-IOT years. 
+The BEA provides a time-series of industry output that reflects output before redefinitions, \{bar}x.
+However, during redefinitions procedure some of industry output, reflecting co-production, is reallocated to the primary industry.
+We estimate this reallocation and thus non-IOT years using the following steps.
+
+Differences in co-product output before and after redefinitions are derived as:
+
+$$ V^*_{i,c} = (\bar{V_{i,c}} - V^b_{i,c}) : i \neq c $$
+
+$$ V^*_{i,c} = 0 : i=c $$
+
+where $\bar{V^b}$ is the Make table before redefinitions
+
+We create a matrix $R$ of redefinition ratios
+
+$$ R = \hat{\bar{x}}^{-1} V^* $$
+
+Now if we have industry output data for a non-IOT year, $\bar{x_y}$, we can adjust this for redefinitions using the redefinition ratios.
+
+We first estimate the equivalent of the Make difference in co-product output
+
+$$ V^*_y = \hat{\bar{x_y}} R$$
+
+Then the rows are summed and subtracted which represented removal of the co-product output from the producing industry.
+
+$$ x_y = \bar{x_y} - (V^*_y  i) $$
+
+The the columns are summed to add the new redefined co-product output to the primary industry
+
+$$ x_y = x_y + (i V^*_y) $$
+
+Note the final equation hold when commodity and industry indices of the Make table are identical as the total of the column sum is a commodity total and thus
+has to be added to the primary industry.
+
+Commodity output from each non IO year is estimated using the commodity mix matrix, $T$, to get the mix of commodities produced by each industry.
+
+$$ T = \hat{\chi}^{-1} V' \hat{x}^{-1} $$ 
+
+$$ q = T x $$
+
+The estimated industry output for all years is assembled into a $X$ matrix of industry output by year and commodity output into a $Q$ matrix.
+
+# GHG Emissions Model and Indicators
+
+The GHG emissions model is largely based on previously GHG attribution models led by EPA [cite Young and Ingwersen] using the FLOWSA python package [cite Birney].
+
+## Data Sources
+
+Table 4 has a list of the data sources used in the emissions model.
+
+### Table 4. Data Sources Used in GHG Emission Model
+
+| Name                                                       | Creator | Sources | DataYears |
+|:-----------------------------------------------------------|:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:----------|
+| GHG Inventory | EPA | [ Environmental Protection Agency Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks](https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/inventory-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions-and-sinks) | 2023 |
+| COA Cropland   | USDA | [Department of Agriculture Census of Agriculture](https://www.eia.gov/consumption/manufacturing/) | 2022 |
+| MECS  | EIA | [Energy Information Administration Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey](https://www.eia.gov/consumption/manufacturing/) | 2022 |
+
+The US GHG Inventory (GHGI) is an authoritative estimate of national GHG emissions and sinks for the U.S. that includes estimates of emissions by broad sectors as specific activities. 
+
+The GHGI is the primary source of all GHG emissions data.
+The specific tables from which data are used are included in Table 5. 
+Data from these tables were selected because they were determined to be the most relevant to estimate emissions by detailed sector corresponding with the industry data.
+
+### Table 5. GHG Inventory Tables Used
+No. | Name
+-- | --
+2-1 | Recent Trends in U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks (MMT $CO_2$  Eq.)
+3-8 | $CH_4$  Emissions from Stationary Combustion (MMT $CO_2$  Eq.)
+3-9 | $N_2O$ Emissions from Stationary Combustion (MMT $CO_2$  Eq.)
+3-13 | $CO_2$  Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion in Transportation End-Use Sector
+3-14 | $CH_4$  Emissions from Mobile Combustion (MMT $CO_2$  Eq.)
+3-15 | $N_2O$ Emissions from Mobile Combustion (MMT $CO_2$  Eq.)
+3-25 | 2023 Adjusted Non-Energy Use Fossil Fuel Consumption, Storage, and Emissions
+3-45 | $CH_4$  Emissions from Petroleum Systems (MMT $CO_2$  Eq.)
+3-47 | $CO_2$  Emissions from Petroleum Systems (MMT $CO_2$ )
+3-49 | $N_2O$ Emissions from Petroleum Systems (Metric Tons $CO_2$  Eq.)
+3-64 | $CH_4$  Emissions from Natural Gas Systems (MMT $CO_2$  Eq.)
+3-66 | $CO_2$  Emissions from Natural Gas Systems (MMT)
+3-68 | $N_2O$ Emissions from Natural Gas Systems (Metric Tons $CO_2$  Eq.)
+4-55 | $CO_2$  and $CH_4$  Emissions from Petrochemical Production (MMT $CO_2$  Eq.)
+4-59 | HFC-23 Emissions from HCFC-22 Production (MMT $CO_2$  Eq.)
+4-63 | Emissions of HFCs, PFCs, $SF_6$, and NF3 from production of Fluorochemicals Other Than HCFC-22 (MMT $CO_2$  Eq.)
+4-64 | Emissions of HFCs, PFCs, $SF_6$, and NF3 from production of Fluorochemicals Other Than HCFC-22 (Metric Tons)
+4-106 | $SF_6$, HFC-134a, FK 5-1-12 and $CO_2$  Emissions from Magnesium Production and Processing (MMT $CO_2$  Eq.)
+4-100 | PFC Emissions from Aluminum Production (MMT $CO_2$  Eq.)
+4-118 | PFC, HFC, $SF_6$, NF3, and $N_2O$ Emissions from Electronics Manufacture (MMT $CO_2$  Eq.)
+4-124 | Emissions of HFCs, PFCs, and $CO_2$  from ODS Substitutes (MMT $CO_2$  Eq.) by Sector
+4-132 | $SF_6$ and PFC Emissions from Other Product Use (MMT $CO_2$  Eq.)
+5-3 | $CH_4$  Emissions from Enteric Fermentation (MMT $CO_2$  Eq.)
+5-7 | $CH_4$  and $N_2O$ Emissions from Manure Management (MMT $CO_2$  Eq.)
+5-18 | Direct $N_2O$ Emissions from Agricultural Soils by Land Use Type and Nitrogen Input Type (MMT $CO_2$  Eq.)
+5-19 | Indirect $N_2O$ Emissions from Agricultural Soils (MMT $CO_2$  Eq.)
+5-29 | $CH_4$  and $N_2O$ Emissions from Field Burning of Agricultural Residues (MMT $CO_2$  Eq.)
+A-5 | 2023 Energy Consumption Data and $CO_2$  Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion by Fuel Type
+A-90 | HFC Emissions from Transportation Sources (MMT $CO_2$  Eq.)
+
+## Sector Attribution Model
+
+In the GHGI, U.S. GHG emissions are typically reported by emitting activity and gas.
+In some cases, those reporting activities align directly with an industry included in the model.
+For example, emissions of $CH_4$ from Landfills (Table 2-1) are assigned directly to 562212, while emissions of $CO_2$ from “Refining” in petroleum systems (Table 3-45) are assigned directly to 324110.
+However, in many cases, the reported emissions require a secondary dataset to accurately attribute them to an economic sector.
+For example, mobile emissions of $CH_4$ from agricultural equipment (Table 3-14) likely includes emissions from several economic sectors.
+In these cases, the potential target sectors are identified (i.e., sectors likely to have agricultural equipment use, 1111A0, 1111B0, 111200, 111300, 111400).
+Next a secondary dataset is identified to proportionally attribute the emissions across those sectors in an appropriate way.
+For example, purchases made from the "Farm machinery and equipment manufacturing" (333111) sector, as identified in the Use table, are used to attribute emissions from agricultural equipment.
+The implicit assumption here is that those sectors that purchase a higher share of agricultural equipment are likely responsible for a higher share of mobile emissions from agricultural equipment.
+For consistency with the economic modeling, the After Redefinitions versions of the Make and Use are used for attribution, see discussion [#45](https://github.com/cornerstone-data/methods/discussions/45).
+The selection of target sectors and attribution approaches is done in a transparent and modular way to facilitate evaluation and sensitivity to these decisions.
+
+In addition to the Use table, other sources are used to attribute the broader emissions to specific industries when the GHGI does not provide the needed resolution.
+The Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey (MECS) is the summary results of a national survey of energy used by manufacturers in the U.S.
+Data used (Table 6) includes fuel use and nonfuel use of energy sources by industry.
+The Census of Agriculture (CoA) is the most extensive national survey of agriculture and forestry. From the CoA, various data are used for area of land for general agriculture and specific crop types, both by crop name and NAICS code.
+The measures used include "AREA", "AREA IRRIGATED", "AREA HARVESTED", "AREA HARVESTED, IRRIGATED", "AREA IN PRODUCTION, IRRIGATED", "AREA IN PRODUCTION", "AREA BEARING AND NON-BEARING", "AREA BEARING & NON-BEARING, IRRIGATED", "AREA GROWN","AREA GROWN, IRRIGATED", "FARM OPERATIONS", etc. as the measures available per crop type vary.
+
+The approach for building the GHG emissions model generally follows from that described in [cite Young] with some minor updates.
+The USGS Mineral Yearbook is dropped as an attribution source as emissions from lead production do not require attribution; primary lead production has not occured in the U.S. for many years (see discussion [#67](https://github.com/cornerstone-data/methods/discussions/67)).
+Data from EIA MECS are udpated to 2022 to better align with the temporal scope of the emissions data (see discussion [#68](https://github.com/cornerstone-data/methods/discussions/68)).
+Additional adjustments are performed to better align emissions to the target schema, e.g., in transportation (discussion [#39](https://github.com/cornerstone-data/methods/discussions/39)), natural gas (discussion [#34](https://github.com/cornerstone-data/methods/discussions/34)), and electricity (discussion [#33](https://github.com/cornerstone-data/methods/discussions/33)).
+Finally, the emissions attribution modeling in FLOWSA is built primarily on a NAICS schema [cite Birney] which can be aggreagated to the necssary [IOT sector schema](#selected-iot-schema).
+However to support cleaner aggregations where NAICS and the IOT schema do not align, a hybrid BEA schema is introduced into the emissions modeling, see discussion [#47](https://github.com/cornerstone-data/methods/discussions/47).
+In particular, new NAICS-like sector codes are incorporated for the Constrution (23*) and Government (92*) sectors in place of the appropriate NAICS.
+
+
+### Table 6. MECS Tables Used
+
+No. | Name
+-- | --
+2-2 | [Energy Used as a Nonfuel (Feedstock)](https://www.eia.gov/consumption/manufacturing/data/2022/xls/Table2_2.xlsx)  By Manufacturing Industry and Region (trillion Btu)
+3-2 | [Energy Consumption as a Fuel](https://www.eia.gov/consumption/manufacturing/data/2022/xls/Table3_2.xlsx) By Manufacturing Industry and Region (trillion Btu)
+
+# Creating the Environmentally-Extended IO model
+
+With the economic IOTs, GHG data, and indicators prepared, the data can be combined to form the EEIO model.
+
+## Preparing the GHG Data for use with the IOT
+The first step is to create the matrix of direct GHG emissions per commodity, $B$ from the $E$ matrix of GHGs by industry.
+This requires some adjustments due to the differences in data years of the IOT and the GHG data and the need to align the data with commodities and not industries. 
+The original relation between the environmental data in the form of national totals by industry, $E$, and the model economic data uses the model industry output, as described in the following equation.
+
+$$ B_{I,y} = E_{I,z}\hat{x}^{-1}_{ey,by} $$ 
+
+where $E_I$ is a emission x industry matrix of national totals of each flow by industry sector in emission year $ey$, and $x_{ey,by}$ is a vector of emission year gross output by industry given in base year, $by$, dollars. 
+The industries in the $E$ columns match the industries in $x$.
+
+For $x$ to be in year $by$ USD, the unit of the IOTs, $x$ must first be price adjusted using the same price index ratios for industries given above. 
+Note that these are the industry price indices rather than the commodity price industries that make up $\rho$. 
+
+$$ x_{ey,by} = x_{ey,ey} \frac{\Pi_{i,by}}{\Pi_{i,ey}} $$ 
+
+The final $B$ matrix is prepared using the following equation:
+
+$$ B = B_i W $$
+
+$B$ is in flow x commodity form after transforming $B_i$ into this form with the transformation matrix.
+We also refer to it as a flow coefficient matrix. 
+
+The resulting coefficients from these calculations can be interpreted as a measure of the environmental intensity of a sector in the year the environmental data are reported, but given in terms of the IO year dollar value.
+
+This approach to to prepare the $B$ matrix is the same as that used in USEEIO v2. A discussion of this approach is found in [#16](https://github.com/cornerstone-data/methods/discussions/16).
+
+# Appendix - Cornerstone Schema
+
+Lists of Commodities, Industries, Final Demand and Value Added Components of the Model
+
+## Commodities
+
+Code | Name
+-- | --
+1111A0 | Fresh soybeans, canola, flaxseeds, and other oilseeds
+1111B0 | Fresh wheat, corn, rice, and other grains
+111200 | Fresh vegetables, melons, and potatoes
+111300 | Fresh fruits and tree nuts
+111400 | Greenhouse crops, mushrooms, nurseries, and flowers
+111900 | Tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, peanuts, sugar beets, herbs and spices, and   other crops
+112120 | Dairies
+1121A0 | Cattle ranches and feedlots
+112300 | Poultry farms
+112A00 | Animal farms and aquaculture ponds (except cattle and poultry)
+113000 | Timber and raw forest products
+114000 | Wild-caught fish and game
+115000 | Agriculture and forestry support
+211000 | Unrefined oil and gas
+212100 | Coal
+212230 | Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc
+2122A0 | Iron, gold, silver, and other metal ores
+212310 | Dimensional stone
+2123A0 | Sand, gravel, clay, phosphate, other nonmetallic minerals
+213111 | Well drilling
+21311A | Other support activities for mining
+221100 | Electricity
+221200 | Natural gas
+221300 | Drinking water and wastewater treatment
+233210 | Health care buildings
+233262 | Schools and vocational buildings
+230301 | Nonresidential building repair and maintanence
+230302 | Residential building repair and maintanence
+2332A0 | Commercial structures, including farm structures
+233412 | Multifamily homes
+2334A0 | Other residential structures
+233230 | Manufacturing buildings
+2332D0 | Other nonresidential structures
+233240 | Utilities buildings and infrastructure
+233411 | Single-family homes
+2332C0 | Highways, streets, and bridges
+321100 | Lumber and treated lumber
+321200 | Plywood and veneer
+321910 | Wooden windows, door, and flooring
+3219A0 | Veneer, plywood, and engineered wood
+327100 | Clay and ceramic products
+327200 | Glass and glass products
+327310 | Cement
+327320 | Ready-mix concrete
+327330 | Concrete pipe, bricks, and blocks
+327390 | Other concrete products
+327400 | Lime and gypsum products
+327910 | Abrasive products
+327991 | Cut stone and stone products
+327992 | Ground or treated minerals and earth
+327993 | Mineral wool
+327999 | Other nonmetallic mineral products
+331110 | Primary iron, steel, and ferroalloy products
+331200 | Secondary steel products
+331313 | Primary aluminum
+33131B | Secondary aluminum
+331410 | Copper, gold and silver concentrates
+331420 | Secondary copper products
+331490 | Other secondary nonferrous metal products
+331510 | Cast iron and steel
+331520 | Nonferrous metal casts
+332114 | Custom metal rolls
+33211A | All other forging, stamping, and sintering
+332119 | Lids, jars, bottle caps, other metal closures and crowns
+332200 | Cutlery and handtools
+332310 | Metal structural products
+332320 | Metal windows, doors, and architectural products
+332410 | Power boilers and heat exchangers
+332420 | Heavy gauge metal tanks
+332430 | Light gauge metal cans, boxes, and containers
+332500 | Metal hinges, keys, lock, and other hardware
+332600 | Springs and wires
+332710 | Machine shops
+332720 | Screws, nuts, and bolts
+332800 | Metal coatings, engravings, and heat treatments
+332913 | Metal plumbing drains, faucets, valves, and other fittings
+33291A | Valve and fittings (except for plumbing)
+332991 | Ball and roller bearings
+332996 | Fabricated pipe and pipe fittings
+33299A | Ammunition, arms, ordnance, and related accessories
+332999 | Misc. fabricated metal products
+333111 | Farm machinery and equipment
+333112 | Lawn and garden equipment
+333120 | Construction machinery
+333130 | Mining and oil/gas field machinery
+333242 | Semiconductor machinery
+33329A | Machinery for the paper, textile, food or other industries (except   semiconductor machinery)
+333314 | Optical instruments and lenses
+333316 | Photography and photocopying equipment
+333318 | Other commercial and service industry machinery
+333414 | Heating equipment other than warm air furnaces
+333415 | Air conditioning, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment
+333413 | Air purification and ventilation equipment
+333511 | Industrial molds
+333514 | Special tools, dies, jigs, and fixtures
+333517 | Metal cutting and forming machine tools
+33351B | Cutting and machine tool accessory, rolling mill, and other metalworking   machines
+333611 | Turbines and turbine generator sets
+333612 | Speed changers, industrial high-speed drives, and gears
+333613 | Mechanical power transmission equipment
+333618 | Other engine equipment
+333912 | Air and gas compressors
+333914 | Pumps and pumping equipment
+333920 | Material handling equipment
+333991 | Power tools
+333993 | Packaging machinery
+333994 | Industrial process furnaces and ovens
+33399A | Welding and Soldering Equipment, Scales and Balances, and other general   purpose machinery
+33399B | Hydraulic pumps, motors, cylinders and actuators
+334111 | Computers
+334112 | Computer storage device readers
+334118 | Computer terminals and other computer peripheral equipment
+334210 | Telephones
+334220 | Wireless communications
+334290 | Communications equipment
+334413 | Semiconductors
+334418 | Printed circuit and electronic assembly
+33441A | Electronic capacitors, resistors, coils, transformers, connectors and   other components (except    semiconductors and printed circuit assemblies)
+334510 | Electromedical appartuses
+334511 | Navigation instruments
+334512 | Automatic controls for HVAC and refrigeration equipment
+334513 | Industrial process variable instruments
+334514 | Fluid meters and counting devices
+334515 | Signal testing instruments
+334516 | Analytical laboratory instruments
+334517 | Irradiation apparatuses
+33451A | Watches, clocks, and other measuring and controlling devices
+334300 | Audio and video equipment
+334610 | External hard drives, CDs, other storage media
+335110 | Light bulbs
+335120 | Light fixtures
+335210 | Small electrical appliances
+335220 | Major home appliances
+335311 | Specialty transformers
+335312 | Motors and generators
+335313 | Switchgear and switchboards
+335314 | Relay and industrial controls
+335911 | Storage batteries
+335912 | Primary batteries
+335920 | Communication and energy wire and cable
+335930 | Wiring devices
+335991 | Carbon and graphite products
+335999 | Other miscellaneous electrical equipment and components
+336111 | Automobiles
+336112 | Pickup trucks, vans, and SUVs
+336120 | Heavy duty trucks
+336211 | Vehicle bodies
+336212 | Truck trailers
+336213 | Motor homes
+336214 | Travel trailer and campers
+336310 | Vehicle engines and engine parts
+336320 | Vehicle electrical and electronic equipment
+336350 | Transmission and power train parts
+336360 | Vehicle seating and interior trim (upholstery)
+336370 | Vehicle metal stamping
+336390 | Other vehicle parts
+3363A0 | Motor vehicle steering, suspension components (except spring), and brake   systems
+336411 | Aircraft
+336412 | Aircraft engines and parts
+336413 | Other aircraft parts
+336414 | Guided missiles and space vehicles
+33641A | Propulsion units and parts for space vehicles and guided missiles
+336500 | Railroad rolling stock
+336611 | Ships and ship repair
+336612 | Boats
+336991 | Motorcycle, bicycle, and parts
+336992 | Military armored vehicles and tanks
+336999 | Other transportation equipment
+337110 | Wood kitchen cabinets and countertops
+337121 | Home furniture - upholstered
+337122 | Home furniture - wood, nonupholstered
+337127 | Institutional furniture
+33712N | Home furniture - Cabinets and non-wood, nonupholstered
+337215 | Shelving and lockers
+33721A | Office furniture and custom architectural woodwork and millwork
+337900 | Mattresses, blinds and shades
+339112 | Surgical and medical instruments
+339113 | Surgical appliance and supplies
+339114 | Dental equipment and supplies
+339115 | Ophthalmic goods
+339116 | Dental laboratories
+339910 | Jewelry and silverware
+339920 | Sporting and athletic goods
+339930 | Dolls, toys, and games
+339940 | Office supplies (not paper)
+339950 | Signs
+339990 | Gaskets, seals, musical instruments, fasteners, brooms, brushes, mop and   other misc. goods
+311111 | Dog and cat food
+311119 | Other animal food
+311210 | Flours and malts
+311221 | Corn products
+311225 | Refined vegetable, olive, and seed oils
+311224 | Vegetable oils and by-products
+311230 | Breakfast cereals
+311300 | Sugar, candy, and chocolate
+311410 | Frozen food
+311420 | Fruit and vegetable preservation
+311513 | Cheese
+311514 | Dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy
+31151A | Fluid milk and butter
+311520 | Ice cream and frozen desserts
+311615 | Packaged poultry
+31161A | Packaged meat (except poultry)
+311700 | Seafood
+311810 | Bread and other baked goods
+3118A0 | Cookies, crackers, pastas, and tortillas
+311910 | Snack foods
+311920 | Coffee and tea
+311930 | Flavored drink concentrates
+311940 | Seasonings and dressings
+311990 | All other foods
+312110 | Soft drinks, bottled water, and ice
+312120 | Breweries and beer
+312130 | Wineries and wine
+312140 | Distilleries and spirits
+312200 | Tobacco products
+313100 | Fiber, yarn, and thread
+313200 | Fabric
+313300 | Finished and coated fabric
+314110 | Carpets and rugs
+314120 | Curtains and linens
+314900 | Other textiles
+315000 | Clothing
+316000 | Leather
+322110 | Wood pulp
+322120 | Paper
+322130 | Cardboard
+322210 | Cardboard containers
+322220 | Paper bags and coated paper
+322230 | Stationery
+322291 | Sanitary paper (tissues, napkins, diapers, etc.)
+322299 | All other converted paper products
+323110 | Books, newspapers, magazines, and other print media
+323120 | Printing support
+324110 | Gasoline, fuels, and by-products of petroleum refining
+324121 | Asphalt pavement
+324122 | Asphalt shingles
+324190 | Other petroleum and coal products
+325110 | Petrochemicals
+325120 | Compressed Gases
+325130 | Synthetic dyes and pigments
+325180 | Other basic inorganic chemicals
+325190 | Other basic organic chemicals
+325211 | Plastics
+3252A0 | Synthetic rubber and artificial and synthetic fibers
+325411 | Medicinal and botanical ingredients
+325412 | Pharmaceutical products (pills, powders, solutions, etc.)
+325413 | Blood sugar, pregnancy, and other diagnostic test kits
+325414 | Vaccines and other biological medical products
+325310 | Fertilizers
+325320 | Pesticides
+325510 | Paints and coatings
+325520 | Adhesives
+325610 | Soap and cleaning compounds
+325620 | Toiletries
+325910 | Ink and ink cartridges
+3259A0 | Chemicals (except basic chemicals, agrichemicals, polymers, paints,   pharmaceuticals,soaps, cleaning compounds)
+326110 | Plastic bags, films, and sheets
+326120 | Plastic pipe, fittings, and sausage casings
+326130 | Laminated plastic plates and shapes
+326140 | Polystyrene foam products
+326150 | Urethane and other foam products
+326160 | Plastic bottles
+326190 | Other plastic products
+326210 | Rubber tires
+326220 | Rubber and plastic belts and hoses
+326290 | Other rubber products
+423100 | Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies
+423400 | Professional and commercial equipment and supplies
+423600 | Household appliances and electrical and electronic goods
+423800 | Machinery, equipment, and supplies
+423A00 | Other durable goods merchant wholesalers
+424200 | Drugs and druggists sundries
+424400 | Grocery and related product wholesalers
+424700 | Petroleum and petroleum products
+424A00 | Other nondurable goods merchant wholesalers
+425000 | Wholesale electronic markets and agents and brokers
+4200ID | Customs duties
+441000 | Vehicles and parts sales
+445000 | Food and beverage stores
+452000 | General merchandise stores
+444000 | Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers
+446000 | Health and personal care stores
+447000 | Gasoline stations
+448000 | Clothing and clothing accessories stores
+454000 | Nonstore retailers
+4B0000 | Other retail
+481000 | Air transport
+482000 | Rail transport
+483000 | Water transport (boats, ships, ferries)
+484000 | Truck transport
+485000 | Passenger ground transport
+486000 | Pipeline transport
+48A000 | Scenic and sightseeing transportation and support activities for   transportation
+492000 | Couriers and messengers
+493000 | Warehousing
+511110 | Newspapers
+511120 | Magazines and journals
+511130 | Books
+5111A0 | Directory, mailing list, and other publishers
+511200 | Software
+512100 | Movies and film
+512200 | Sound recording
+515100 | Radio and television
+515200 | Cable and subscription programming
+517110 | Telecommunications
+517210 | Wireless telecommunications
+517A00 | Satellite, telecommunications resellers, and all other telecommunications
+518200 | Data processing and hosting
+519130 | Internet publishing and broadcasting
+5191A0 | News syndicates, libraries, archives, Internet publishing and all other   information services
+522A00 | Nondepository credit intermediation and related activities
+52A000 | Monetary authorities and depository credit intermediation
+523900 | Investment advice, portfolio management, and other financial advising   services
+523A00 | Securities and commodities brokerage and exchanges
+524113 | Direct life insurance carriers
+5241XX | Insurance carriers, except direct life
+524200 | Insurance agencies and brokerages
+525000 | Funds, trusts, and financial vehicles
+531HSO | Owner-occupied housing
+531HST | Tenant-occupied housing
+531ORE | Other real estate
+532100 | Vehicle rental and leasing
+532400 | Commercial equipment rental
+532A00 | Consumer goods and general rental centers
+533000 | Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets
+541100 | Legal services
+541511 | Custom computer programming
+541512 | Computer systems design
+54151A | Other computer related services, including facilities management
+541200 | Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll
+541300 | Architectural, engineering, and related services
+541610 | Management consulting
+5416A0 | Environmental and other technical consulting services
+541700 | Scientific research and development
+541800 | Advertising and public relations
+541400 | Specialized design
+541920 | Photographers
+541940 | Veterinarians
+5419A0 | Marketing research and all other miscellaneous professional, scientific,   and technical services
+550000 | Company and enterprise management
+561300 | Employment services
+561700 | Buildings and dwellings services
+561100 | Office administration
+561200 | Facilities support
+561400 | Business support
+561500 | Travel arrangement and reservation
+561600 | Investigation and security
+561900 | Other support services
+562111 | Solid waste collection
+562HAZ | Hazardous waste collection treatment and disposal
+562212 | Solid waste landfilling
+562213 | Solid waste combustors and incinerators
+562910 | Remediation services
+562920 | Material separation/recovery facilities
+562OTH | Other waste collection and treatment services
+611100 | Elementary and secondary schools
+611A00 | Colleges, universities, junior colleges, and professional schools
+611B00 | Other educational services
+621100 | Physicians
+621200 | Dentists
+621300 | Healthcare practitioners (except physicians and dentists)
+621400 | Outpatient healthcare
+621500 | Medical laboratories
+621600 | Home healthcare
+621900 | Ambulances
+622000 | Hospitals
+623A00 | Nursing and community care facilities
+623B00 | Residential mental retardation, mental health, substance abuse and other   facilities
+624100 | Individual and family services
+624400 | Child day care
+624A00 | Community food, housing, and other relief services, including   rehabilitation services
+711100 | Performances
+711200 | Sports
+711500 | Independent artists, writers, and performers
+711A00 | Promoters and agents
+712000 | Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks
+713100 | Amusement parks and arcades
+713200 | Gambling establishments (except casino hotels)
+713900 | Golf courses, marinas, ski resorts, fitness and other rec centers and   industries
+721000 | Hotels and campgrounds
+722110 | Full-service restaurants
+722211 | Limited-service restaurants
+722A00 | All other food and drinking places
+811100 | Vehicle repair
+811200 | Electronic  equipment repair and   maintenance
+811300 | Commercial machinery repair
+811400 | Household goods repair
+812100 | Salons and barber shops
+812200 | Funerary services
+812300 | Dry-cleaning and laundry
+812900 | Pet care, photofinishing, parking and other sundry services
+813100 | Religious organizations
+813A00 | Grantmaking, giving, and social advocacy organizations
+813B00 | Civic, social, professional, and similar organizations
+814000 | Household employees
+S00500 | Federal general government (defense)
+S00600 | Federal general government (nondefense)
+491000 | Postal service
+S00102 | Other federal government enterprises
+GSLGE | State and local government educational services
+GSLGH | State and local government hospitals and health services
+GSLGO | State and local government other services
+S00203 | Other state and local government enterprises
+S00402 | Used and secondhand goods
+
+## Industries
+
+Code | Name
+-- | --
+1111A0 | Oilseed farming
+1111B0 | Grain farming
+111200 | Vegetable and melon farming
+111300 | Fruit and tree nut farming
+111400 | Greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture production
+111900 | Other crop farming
+112120 | Dairy cattle and milk production
+1121A0 | Beef cattle ranching and farming, including feedlots and dual-purpose   ranching and farming
+112300 | Poultry and egg production
+112A00 | Animal production, except cattle and poultry and eggs
+113000 | Forestry and logging
+114000 | Fishing, hunting and trapping
+115000 | Support activities for agriculture and forestry
+211000 | Oil and gas extraction
+212100 | Coal mining
+212230 | Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc mining
+2122A0 | Iron, gold, silver, and other metal ore mining
+212310 | Stone mining and quarrying
+2123A0 | Other nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying
+213111 | Drilling oil and gas wells
+21311A | Other support activities for mining
+221100 | Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution
+221200 | Natural gas distribution
+221300 | Water, sewage and other systems
+233210 | Health care structures
+233262 | Educational and vocational structures
+230301 | Nonresidential maintenance and repair
+230302 | Residential maintenance and repair
+2332A0 | Office and commercial structures
+233412 | Multifamily residential structures
+2334A0 | Other residential structures
+233230 | Manufacturing structures
+2332D0 | Other nonresidential structures
+233240 | Power and communication structures
+233411 | Single-family residential structures
+2332C0 | Transportation structures and highways and streets
+321100 | Sawmills and wood preservation
+321200 | Veneer, plywood, and engineered wood product manufacturing
+321910 | Millwork
+3219A0 | All other wood product manufacturing
+327100 | Clay product and refractory manufacturing
+327200 | Glass and glass product manufacturing
+327310 | Cement manufacturing
+327320 | Ready-mix concrete manufacturing
+327330 | Concrete pipe, brick, and block manufacturing
+327390 | Other concrete product manufacturing
+327400 | Lime and gypsum product manufacturing
+327910 | Abrasive product manufacturing
+327991 | Cut stone and stone product manufacturing
+327992 | Ground or treated mineral and earth manufacturing
+327993 | Mineral wool manufacturing
+327999 | Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products
+331110 | Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy manufacturing
+331200 | Steel product manufacturing from purchased steel
+331314 | Secondary smelting and alloying of aluminum
+331313 | Alumina refining and primary aluminum production
+33131B | Aluminum product manufacturing from purchased aluminum
+331410 | Nonferrous metal (except aluminum) smelting and refining
+331420 | Copper rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying
+331490 | Nonferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding   and alloying
+331510 | Ferrous metal foundries
+331520 | Nonferrous metal foundries
+332114 | Custom roll forming
+33211A | All other forging, stamping, and sintering
+332119 | Metal crown, closure, and other metal stamping (except automotive)
+332200 | Cutlery and handtool manufacturing
+332310 | Plate work and fabricated structural product manufacturing
+332320 | Ornamental and architectural metal products manufacturing
+332410 | Power boiler and heat exchanger manufacturing
+332420 | Metal tank (heavy gauge) manufacturing
+332430 | Metal can, box, and other metal container (light gauge) manufacturing
+332500 | Hardware manufacturing
+332600 | Spring and wire product manufacturing
+332710 | Machine shops
+332720 | Turned product and screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing
+332800 | Coating, engraving, heat treating and allied activities
+332913 | Plumbing fixture fitting and trim manufacturing
+33291A | Valve and fittings other than plumbing
+332991 | Ball and roller bearing manufacturing
+332996 | Fabricated pipe and pipe fitting manufacturing
+33299A | Ammunition, arms, ordnance, and accessories manufacturing
+332999 | Other fabricated metal manufacturing
+333111 | Farm machinery and equipment manufacturing
+333112 | Lawn and garden equipment manufacturing
+333120 | Construction machinery manufacturing
+333130 | Mining and oil and gas field machinery manufacturing
+333242 | Semiconductor machinery manufacturing
+33329A | Other industrial machinery manufacturing
+333314 | Optical instrument and lens manufacturing
+333316 | Photographic and photocopying equipment manufacturing
+333318 | Other commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing
+333414 | Heating equipment (except warm air furnaces) manufacturing
+333415 | Air conditioning, refrigeration, and warm air heating equipment   manufacturing
+333413 | Industrial and commercial fan and blower and air purification equipment   manufacturing
+333511 | Industrial mold manufacturing
+333514 | Special tool, die, jig, and fixture manufacturing
+333517 | Machine tool manufacturing
+33351B | Cutting and machine tool accessory, rolling mill, and other metalworking   machinery manufacturing
+333611 | Turbine and turbine generator set units manufacturing
+333612 | Speed changer, industrial high-speed drive, and gear manufacturing
+333613 | Mechanical power transmission equipment manufacturing
+333618 | Other engine equipment manufacturing
+333912 | Air and gas compressor manufacturing
+333914 | Measuring, dispensing, and other pumping equipment manufacturing
+333920 | Material handling equipment manufacturing
+333991 | Power-driven handtool manufacturing
+333993 | Packaging machinery manufacturing
+333994 | Industrial process furnace and oven manufacturing
+33399A | Other general purpose machinery manufacturing
+33399B | Fluid power process machinery
+334111 | Electronic computer manufacturing
+334112 | Computer storage device manufacturing
+334118 | Computer terminals and other computer peripheral equipment manufacturing
+334210 | Telephone apparatus manufacturing
+334220 | Broadcast and wireless communications equipment
+334290 | Other communications equipment manufacturing
+334413 | Semiconductor and related device manufacturing
+334418 | Printed circuit assembly (electronic assembly) manufacturing
+33441A | Other electronic component manufacturing
+334510 | Electromedical and electrotherapeutic apparatus manufacturing
+334511 | Search, detection, and navigation instruments manufacturing
+334512 | Automatic environmental control manufacturing
+334513 | Industrial process variable instruments manufacturing
+334514 | Totalizing fluid meter and counting device manufacturing
+334515 | Electricity and signal testing instruments manufacturing
+334516 | Analytical laboratory instrument manufacturing
+334517 | Irradiation apparatus manufacturing
+33451A | Watch, clock, and other measuring and controlling device manufacturing
+334300 | Audio and video equipment manufacturing
+334610 | Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media
+335110 | Electric lamp bulb and part manufacturing
+335120 | Lighting fixture manufacturing
+335210 | Small electrical appliance manufacturing
+335220 | Major household appliance manufacturing
+335311 | Power, distribution, and specialty transformer manufacturing
+335312 | Motor and generator manufacturing
+335313 | Switchgear and switchboard apparatus manufacturing
+335314 | Relay and industrial control manufacturing
+335911 | Storage battery manufacturing
+335912 | Primary battery manufacturing
+335920 | Communication and energy wire and cable manufacturing
+335930 | Wiring device manufacturing
+335991 | Carbon and graphite product manufacturing
+335999 | All other miscellaneous electrical equipment and component manufacturing
+336111 | Automobile manufacturing
+336112 | Light truck and utility vehicle manufacturing
+336120 | Heavy duty truck manufacturing
+336211 | Motor vehicle body manufacturing
+336212 | Truck trailer manufacturing
+336213 | Motor home manufacturing
+336214 | Travel trailer and camper manufacturing
+336310 | Motor vehicle gasoline engine and engine parts manufacturing
+336320 | Motor vehicle electrical and electronic equipment manufacturing
+336350 | Motor vehicle transmission and power train parts manufacturing
+336360 | Motor vehicle seating and interior trim manufacturing
+336370 | Motor vehicle metal stamping
+336390 | Other motor vehicle parts manufacturing
+3363A0 | Motor vehicle steering, suspension component (except spring), and brake   systems manufacturing
+336411 | Aircraft manufacturing
+336412 | Aircraft engine and engine parts manufacturing
+336413 | Other aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment manufacturing
+336414 | Guided missile and space vehicle manufacturing
+33641A | Propulsion units and parts for space vehicles and guided missiles
+336500 | Railroad rolling stock manufacturing
+336611 | Ship building and repairing
+336612 | Boat building
+336991 | Motorcycle, bicycle, and parts manufacturing
+336992 | Military armored vehicle, tank, and tank component manufacturing
+336999 | All other transportation equipment manufacturing
+337110 | Wood kitchen cabinet and countertop manufacturing
+337121 | Upholstered household furniture manufacturing
+337122 | Nonupholstered wood household furniture manufacturing
+337127 | Institutional furniture manufacturing
+33712N | Other household nonupholstered furniture
+337215 | Showcase, partition, shelving, and locker manufacturing
+33721A | Office furniture and custom architectural woodwork and millwork   manufacturing
+337900 | Other furniture related product manufacturing
+339112 | Surgical and medical instrument manufacturing
+339113 | Surgical appliance and supplies manufacturing
+339114 | Dental equipment and supplies manufacturing
+339115 | Ophthalmic goods manufacturing
+339116 | Dental laboratories
+339910 | Jewelry and silverware manufacturing
+339920 | Sporting and athletic goods manufacturing
+339930 | Doll, toy, and game manufacturing
+339940 | Office supplies (except paper) manufacturing
+339950 | Sign manufacturing
+339990 | All other miscellaneous manufacturing
+311111 | Dog and cat food manufacturing
+311119 | Other animal food manufacturing
+311210 | Flour milling and malt manufacturing
+311221 | Wet corn milling
+311225 | Fats and oils refining and blending
+311224 | Soybean and other oilseed processing
+311230 | Breakfast cereal manufacturing
+311300 | Sugar and confectionery product manufacturing
+311410 | Frozen food manufacturing
+311420 | Fruit and vegetable canning, pickling, and drying
+311513 | Cheese manufacturing
+311514 | Dry, condensed, and evaporated dairy product manufacturing
+31151A | Fluid milk and butter manufacturing
+311520 | Ice cream and frozen dessert manufacturing
+311615 | Poultry processing
+31161A | Animal (except poultry) slaughtering, rendering, and processing
+311700 | Seafood product preparation and packaging
+311810 | Bread and bakery product manufacturing
+3118A0 | Cookie, cracker, pasta, and tortilla manufacturing
+311910 | Snack food manufacturing
+311920 | Coffee and tea manufacturing
+311930 | Flavoring syrup and concentrate manufacturing
+311940 | Seasoning and dressing manufacturing
+311990 | All other food manufacturing
+312110 | Soft drink and ice manufacturing
+312120 | Breweries
+312130 | Wineries
+312140 | Distilleries
+312200 | Tobacco manufacturing
+313100 | Fiber, yarn, and thread mills
+313200 | Fabric mills
+313300 | Textile and fabric finishing and fabric coating mills
+314110 | Carpet and rug mills
+314120 | Curtain and linen mills
+314900 | Other textile product mills
+315000 | Apparel manufacturing
+316000 | Leather and allied product manufacturing
+322110 | Pulp mills
+322120 | Paper mills
+322130 | Paperboard mills
+322210 | Paperboard container manufacturing
+322220 | Paper bag and coated and treated paper manufacturing
+322230 | Stationery product manufacturing
+322291 | Sanitary paper product manufacturing
+322299 | All other converted paper product manufacturing
+323110 | Printing
+323120 | Support activities for printing
+324110 | Petroleum refineries
+324121 | Asphalt paving mixture and block manufacturing
+324122 | Asphalt shingle and coating materials manufacturing
+324190 | Other petroleum and coal products manufacturing
+325110 | Petrochemical manufacturing
+325120 | Industrial gas manufacturing
+325130 | Synthetic dye and pigment manufacturing
+325180 | Other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing
+325190 | Other basic organic chemical manufacturing
+325211 | Plastics material and resin manufacturing
+3252A0 | Synthetic rubber and artificial and synthetic fibers and filaments   manufacturing
+325411 | Medicinal and botanical manufacturing
+325412 | Pharmaceutical preparation manufacturing
+325413 | In-vitro diagnostic substance manufacturing
+325414 | Biological product (except diagnostic) manufacturing
+325310 | Fertilizer manufacturing
+325320 | Pesticide and other agricultural chemical manufacturing
+325510 | Paint and coating manufacturing
+325520 | Adhesive manufacturing
+325610 | Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing
+325620 | Toilet preparation manufacturing
+325910 | Printing ink manufacturing
+3259A0 | All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing
+326110 | Plastics packaging materials and unlaminated film and sheet manufacturing
+326120 | Plastics pipe, pipe fitting, and unlaminated profile shape manufacturing
+326130 | Laminated plastics plate, sheet (except packaging), and shape   manufacturing
+326140 | Polystyrene foam product manufacturing
+326150 | Urethane and other foam product (except polystyrene) manufacturing
+326160 | Plastics bottle manufacturing
+326190 | Other plastics product manufacturing
+326210 | Tire manufacturing
+326220 | Rubber and plastics hoses and belting manufacturing
+326290 | Other rubber product manufacturing
+423100 | Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and supplies
+423400 | Professional and commercial equipment and supplies
+423600 | Household appliances and electrical and electronic goods
+423800 | Machinery, equipment, and supplies
+423A00 | Other durable goods merchant wholesalers
+424200 | Drugs and druggists' sundries
+424400 | Grocery and related product wholesalers
+424700 | Petroleum and petroleum products
+424A00 | Other nondurable goods merchant wholesalers
+425000 | Wholesale electronic markets and agents and brokers
+4200ID | Customs duties
+441000 | Motor vehicle and parts dealers
+445000 | Food and beverage stores
+452000 | General merchandise stores
+444000 | Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers
+446000 | Health and personal care stores
+447000 | Gasoline stations
+448000 | Clothing and clothing accessories stores
+454000 | Nonstore retailers
+4B0000 | All other retail
+481000 | Air transportation
+482000 | Rail transportation
+483000 | Water transportation
+484000 | Truck transportation
+485000 | Transit and ground passenger transportation
+486000 | Pipeline transportation
+48A000 | Scenic and sightseeing transportation and support activities
+492000 | Couriers and messengers
+493000 | Warehousing and storage
+511110 | Newspaper publishers
+511120 | Periodical Publishers
+511130 | Book publishers
+5111A0 | Directory, mailing list, and other publishers
+511200 | Software publishers
+512100 | Motion picture and video industries
+512200 | Sound recording industries
+515100 | Radio and television broadcasting
+515200 | Cable and other subscription programming
+517110 | Wired telecommunications carriers
+517210 | Wireless telecommunications carriers (except satellite)
+517A00 | Satellite, telecommunications resellers, and all other telecommunications
+518200 | Data processing, hosting, and related services
+519130 | Internet publishing and broadcasting and Web search portals
+5191A0 | News syndicates, libraries, archives and all other information services
+522A00 | Nondepository credit intermediation and related activities
+52A000 | Monetary authorities and depository credit intermediation
+523900 | Other financial investment activities
+523A00 | Securities and commodity contracts intermediation and brokerage
+524113 | Direct life insurance carriers
+5241XX | Insurance carriers, except direct life
+524200 | Insurance agencies, brokerages, and related activities
+525000 | Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles
+531HSO | Owner-occupied housing
+531HST | Tenant-occupied housing
+531ORE | Other real estate
+532100 | Automotive equipment rental and leasing
+532400 | Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment rental and leasing
+532A00 | General and consumer goods rental
+533000 | Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets
+541100 | Legal services
+541511 | Custom computer programming services
+541512 | Computer systems design services
+54151A | Other computer related services, including facilities management
+541200 | Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services
+541300 | Architectural, engineering, and related services
+541610 | Management consulting services
+5416A0 | Environmental and other technical consulting services
+541700 | Scientific research and development services
+541800 | Advertising, public relations, and related services
+541400 | Specialized design services
+541920 | Photographic services
+541940 | Veterinary services
+5419A0 | All other miscellaneous professional, scientific, and technical services
+550000 | Management of companies and enterprises
+561300 | Employment services
+561700 | Services to buildings and dwellings
+561100 | Office administrative services
+561200 | Facilities support services
+561400 | Business support services
+561500 | Travel arrangement and reservation services
+561600 | Investigation and security services
+561900 | Other support services
+562111 | Solid waste collection
+562HAZ | Hazardous waste collection treatment and disposal
+562212 | Solid waste landfilling
+562213 | Solid waste combustors and incinerators
+562910 | Remediation services
+562920 | Material separation/recovery facilities
+562OTH | Other waste collection and treatment services
+611100 | Elementary and secondary schools
+611A00 | Junior colleges, colleges, universities, and professional schools
+611B00 | Other educational services
+621100 | Offices of physicians
+621200 | Offices of dentists
+621300 | Offices of other health practitioners
+621400 | Outpatient care centers
+621500 | Medical and diagnostic laboratories
+621600 | Home health care services
+621900 | Other ambulatory health care services
+622000 | Hospitals
+623A00 | Nursing and community care facilities
+623B00 | Residential mental health, substance abuse, and other residential care   facilities
+624100 | Individual and family services
+624400 | Child day care services
+624A00 | Community food, housing, and other relief services, including vocational   rehabilitation services
+711100 | Performing arts companies
+711200 | Spectator sports
+711500 | Independent artists, writers, and performers
+711A00 | Promoters of performing arts and sports and agents for public figures
+712000 | Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks
+713100 | Amusement parks and arcades
+713200 | Gambling industries (except casino hotels)
+713900 | Other amusement and recreation industries
+721000 | Accommodation
+722110 | Full-service restaurants
+722211 | Limited-service restaurants
+722A00 | All other food and drinking places
+811100 | Automotive repair and maintenance (including car washes)
+811200 | Electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance
+811300 | Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment repair and maintenance
+811400 | Personal and household goods repair and maintenance
+812100 | Personal care services
+812200 | Death care services
+812300 | Dry-cleaning and laundry services
+812900 | Other personal services
+813100 | Religious organizations
+813A00 | Grantmaking, giving, and social advocacy organizations
+813B00 | Civic, social, professional, and similar organizations
+814000 | Private households
+S00500 | Federal general government (defense)
+S00600 | Federal general government (nondefense)
+491000 | Postal service
+S00102 | Other federal government enterprises
+GSLGE | State and local government (educational services)
+GSLGH | State and local government (hospitals and health services)
+GSLGO | State and local government (other services)
+S00203 | Other state and local government enterprises
+
+## Final Demand Components
+
+Code | Name | Group
+-- | -- | --
+F01000 | Personal consumption expenditures | Household
+F02E00 | Nonresidential private fixed investment in equipment | Investment
+F02N00 | Nonresidential private fixed investment in intellectual property products | Investment
+F02R00 | Residential private fixed investment | Investment
+F02S00 | Nonresidential private fixed investment in structures | Investment
+F03000 | Change in private inventories | ChangeInventories
+F04000 | Exports of goods and services | Export
+F05000 | Imports of goods and services | Import
+F06C00 | Federal Government defense: Consumption expenditures | Government
+F06E00 | Federal national defense: Gross investment in equipment | Government
+F06N00 | Federal national defense: Gross investment in intellectual property   products | Government
+F06S00 | Federal national defense: Gross investment in structures | Government
+F07C00 | Federal Government nondefense: Consumption expenditures | Government
+F07E00 | Federal nondefense: Gross investment in equipment | Government
+F07N00 | Federal nondefense: Gross investment in intellectual property products | Government
+F07S00 | Federal nondefense: Gross investment in structures | Government
+F10C00 | State and local government consumption expenditures | Government
+F10E00 | State and local: Gross investment in equipment | Government
+F10N00 | State and local: Gross investment in intellectual property products | Government
+F10S00 | State and local: Gross investment in structures | Government
+
+## Value Added Components
+
+Code | Name
+-- | --
+V00100 | Compensation of employees
+V00200 | Taxes on production and imports, less subsidies
+V00300 | Gross operating surplus
+
+
+
+
+