feat: implement phase 2 ORM improvements (#24)

* Implement phase 2 ORM improvements

* Refine phase 2 query helpers

* Fix cs fixer formatting

Author: davebarnwell

.php-cs-fixer.dist.php

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 <?php
 
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
 $finder = PhpCsFixer\Finder::create()
     ->in([
         __DIR__ . '/src',

EXAMPLE.md

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ echo $category->created_at;
 echo $category->updated_at;
 ```
 
-`save()` inserts when the primary key is empty and updates when the primary key is present.
+`save()` inserts when the primary key is `null` and updates when the primary key is present.
 
 ## Load a record by primary key
 
@@ -93,17 +93,7 @@ $count = Category::count();
 
 ## Dynamic finders
 
-Snake_case methods:
-
-```php
-$all = Category::find_by_name('Fiction');
-$one = Category::findOne_by_name('Fiction');
-$first = Category::first_by_name(['Fiction', 'Fantasy']);
-$last = Category::last_by_name(['Fiction', 'Fantasy']);
-$count = Category::count_by_name('Fiction');
-```
-
-CamelCase alternatives:
+Preferred camelCase methods:
 
 ```php
 $all = Category::findByName('Fiction');
@@ -113,6 +103,30 @@ $last = Category::lastByName(['Fiction', 'Fantasy']);
 $count = Category::countByName('Fiction');
 ```
 
+Legacy snake_case dynamic methods still work during the transition, but they are deprecated and should be migrated.
+
+## Focused query helpers
+
+Check existence:
+
+```php
+$hasCategories = Category::exists();
+$hasFiction = Category::existsWhere('name = ?', ['Fiction']);
+```
+
+Fetch ordered results:
+
+```php
+$alphabetical = Category::fetchAllWhereOrderedBy('name', 'ASC');
+$latest = Category::fetchOneWhereOrderedBy('id', 'DESC');
+```
+
+Pluck one column:
+
+```php
+$names = Category::pluck('name', '', [], 'name', 'ASC', 10);
+```
+
 ## Custom WHERE clauses
 
 Fetch a single matching record:
@@ -181,21 +195,43 @@ $rows = $statement->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
 
 ## Validation
 
-Override `validate()` to enforce model rules before insert and update:
+Use instance-aware hooks to enforce model rules before insert and update:
 
 ```php
 class Category extends Freshsauce\Model\Model
 {
     protected static $_tableName = 'categories';
 
-    public static function validate()
+    protected function validateForSave(): void
     {
-        return true;
+        if (trim((string) $this->name) === '') {
+            throw new RuntimeException('Name is required');
+        }
     }
 }
 ```
 
-Throw an exception from `validate()` whenever your application-specific rule fails, and the write will be aborted before insert or update.
+Override `validateForInsert()` or `validateForUpdate()` when the rules are operation-specific.
+
+The legacy static `validate()` method remains supported for backward compatibility.
+
+## Strict field mode
+
+Enable strict field mode when you want unknown assignments to fail immediately instead of being silently ignored on persistence:
+
+```php
+class Category extends Freshsauce\Model\Model
+{
+    protected static $_tableName = 'categories';
+    protected static bool $_strict_fields = true;
+}
+```
+
+Or enable it temporarily:
+
+```php
+Category::useStrictFields(true);
+```
 
 ## MySQL example connection
 

README.md

@@ -8,6 +8,16 @@ Model ORM for PHP
 
 If you want database-backed PHP models without pulling in a heavyweight stack, this library is built for that job.
 
+## When it fits
+
+Use this library when you want:
+
+- Active-record style models without adopting a full framework ORM
+- Direct access to SQL and PDO when convenience helpers stop helping
+- A small API surface that stays easy to understand in legacy or custom PHP apps
+
+Skip it if you need relationship graphs, migrations, or a chainable query builder comparable to framework ORMs.
+
 ## Why teams pick it
 
 - Lightweight by design: point a model at a table and start reading and writing records.
@@ -110,6 +120,22 @@ Category::countByName('Science Fiction');
 
 Legacy snake_case dynamic methods still work during the transition, but they are deprecated and emit `E_USER_DEPRECATED` notices.
 
+If you still have legacy calls such as `find_by_name()`, treat them as migration work rather than the preferred API.
+
+### Focused query helpers
+
+For common read patterns that do not justify raw SQL:
+
+```php
+Category::exists();
+Category::existsWhere('name = ?', ['Science Fiction']);
+
+$ordered = Category::fetchAllWhereOrderedBy('name', 'ASC');
+$latest = Category::fetchOneWhereOrderedBy('id', 'DESC');
+
+$names = Category::pluck('name', '', [], 'name', 'ASC', 10);
+```
+
 ### Flexible SQL when convenience methods stop helping
 
 Use targeted where clauses:
@@ -133,21 +159,39 @@ $rows = $statement->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);
 
 ### Validation hooks
 
-Override `validate()` in your model when writes need application rules:
+Use instance-aware hooks when writes need application rules:
 
 ```php
 class Category extends Freshsauce\Model\Model
 {
     protected static $_tableName = 'categories';
 
-    public static function validate()
+    protected function validateForSave(): void
     {
-        return true;
+        if (trim((string) $this->name) === '') {
+            throw new RuntimeException('Name is required');
+        }
     }
 }
 ```
 
-Throw an exception from `validate()` to block invalid inserts or updates.
+Use `validateForInsert()` or `validateForUpdate()` when the rules differ by operation.
+
+The legacy static `validate()` method still works for backward compatibility, but new code should prefer the instance hooks.
+
+### Strict field mode
+
+Unknown properties are permissive by default for compatibility. If you want typo-safe writes, enable strict field mode:
+
+```php
+class Category extends Freshsauce\Model\Model
+{
+    protected static $_tableName = 'categories';
+    protected static bool $_strict_fields = true;
+}
+```
+
+You can also opt in at runtime with `Category::useStrictFields(true)`.
 
 ### Predictable exceptions
 

src/Model/Exception/ConfigurationException.php

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 <?php
 
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
 namespace Freshsauce\Model\Exception;
 
 class ConfigurationException extends ModelException

src/Model/Exception/ConnectionException.php

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 <?php
 
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
 namespace Freshsauce\Model\Exception;
 
 class ConnectionException extends ModelException

src/Model/Exception/InvalidDynamicMethodException.php

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 <?php
 
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
 namespace Freshsauce\Model\Exception;
 
 class InvalidDynamicMethodException extends ModelException

src/Model/Exception/MissingDataException.php

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 <?php
 
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
 namespace Freshsauce\Model\Exception;
 
 class MissingDataException extends ModelException

src/Model/Exception/ModelException.php

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 <?php
 
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
 namespace Freshsauce\Model\Exception;
 
 class ModelException extends \RuntimeException

src/Model/Exception/UnknownFieldException.php

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 <?php
 
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
 namespace Freshsauce\Model\Exception;
 
 class UnknownFieldException extends ModelException