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🧩 07-DARS: DJANGO FORMS

🎯 Dars Maqsadi

Bu darsda siz Django Forms bilan ishlashni o'rganasiz. User input qabul qilish, validatsiya, formalarni render qilish va ma'lumotlarni qayta ishlashni chuqur o'zlashtirasiz.

Dars oxirida siz:

✅ Django Forms nima ekanligini va afzalliklarini tushunasiz
✅ Form class yaratishni bilasiz
✅ ModelForm dan foydalanishni o'rganasiz
✅ Form validation (clean methods) ni bilasiz
✅ Template'da formalarni render qilishni o'rganasiz
✅ Form errors bilan ishlashni bilasiz
✅ Custom widgets va field'lar yaratishni o'rganasiz
✅ File upload formalarini yaratishni bilasiz

📚 Boshlashdan Oldin

Kerakli Bilimlar:

Django Views
Django Templates
Django Models
HTML Forms asoslari
HTTP POST/GET

Tayyorgarlik:

# forms.py fayl yarating
# app/forms.py

📝 1. DJANGO FORMS NIMA?

1.1 Forms Tushunchasi

Django Forms - user input qabul qilish va validatsiya qilish uchun kuchli vosita.

1.2 Forms Afzalliklari

Afzallik	Tavsif
Avtomatik HTML yaratish	Form fields → HTML input
Validation	Built-in va custom validation
Security	CSRF protection
Error handling	Automatic error messages
Reusability	Bir form ko'p joyda

1.3 Form vs ModelForm

Form	ModelForm
Oddiy form (model'siz)	Model'ga bog'langan form
Login, Contact forms	Create/Update model obyektlari
Manual field definition	Auto-generated from model

🎨 2. ODDIY FORM YARATISH

2.1 Form Class

blog/forms.py:

from django import forms

class ContactForm(forms.Form):
    """
    Aloqa formasi
    
    Django form - forms.Form dan meros oladi
    Har bir field = form input
    """
    # CharField - text input
    name = forms.CharField(
        max_length=100,
        label="Ismingiz",              # Label text
        help_text="To'liq ismingizni kiriting",  # Yordam matni
        required=True,                  # Majburiy
        widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={
            'class': 'form-control',
            'placeholder': 'John Doe'
        })
    )
    
    # EmailField - email input va validation
    email = forms.EmailField(
        label="Email",
        required=True,
        widget=forms.EmailInput(attrs={
            'class': 'form-control',
            'placeholder': 'john@example.com'
        })
    )
    
    # CharField with Textarea widget
    message = forms.CharField(
        label="Xabar",
        required=True,
        widget=forms.Textarea(attrs={
            'class': 'form-control',
            'rows': 5,
            'placeholder': 'Xabaringizni yozing...'
        })
    )
    
    # ChoiceField - dropdown select
    subject = forms.ChoiceField(
        label="Mavzu",
        choices=[
            ('general', 'Umumiy savol'),
            ('support', 'Texnik yordam'),
            ('feedback', 'Fikr-mulohaza'),
        ],
        widget=forms.Select(attrs={
            'class': 'form-control'
        })
    )
    
    # BooleanField - checkbox
    agree = forms.BooleanField(
        label="Shartlarni qabul qilaman",
        required=True
    )

2.2 Form Field Types

Field Type	HTML Input	Validation
CharField	`<input type="text">`	max_length, min_length
EmailField	`<input type="email">`	Email format
URLField	`<input type="url">`	URL format
IntegerField	`<input type="number">`	Integer
DecimalField	`<input type="number">`	Decimal
BooleanField	`<input type="checkbox">`	True/False
DateField	`<input type="date">`	Date format
DateTimeField	`<input type="datetime">`	DateTime format
ChoiceField	`<select>`	Choices
FileField	`<input type="file">`	File upload
ImageField	`<input type="file">`	Image file

2.3 View'da Form Ishlatish

blog/views.py:

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from django.contrib import messages
from .forms import ContactForm

def contact_view(request):
    """
    Contact form view
    
    GET - bo'sh forma ko'rsatish
    POST - forma submit bo'lganda
    """
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # POST data bilan form yaratish
        form = ContactForm(request.POST)
        
        # Validatsiya
        if form.is_valid():
            # Validatsiyadan o'tgan ma'lumotlar
            name = form.cleaned_data['name']
            email = form.cleaned_data['email']
            message = form.cleaned_data['message']
            subject = form.cleaned_data['subject']
            
            # Ma'lumotlarni qayta ishlash
            # Masalan: email yuborish, database'ga saqlash
            
            # Success message
            messages.success(request, 'Xabaringiz muvaffaqiyatli yuborildi!')
            
            # Redirect (PRG pattern - Post-Redirect-Get)
            return redirect('blog:contact')
    else:
        # GET - bo'sh forma
        form = ContactForm()
    
    context = {'form': form}
    return render(request, 'blog/contact.html', context)

2.4 Template'da Form Render

blog/templates/blog/contact.html:

{% extends 'base.html' %}

{% block content %}
<div class="container">
    <h2>Biz bilan bog'lanish</h2>
    
    <form method="POST" novalidate>
        {% csrf_token %}
        
        <!-- 1. Barcha formani bir vaqtda -->
        {{ form.as_p }}
        
        <!-- yoki -->
        
        <!-- 2. Har bir field alohida (ko'proq control) -->
        <div class="form-group">
            {{ form.name.label_tag }}
            {{ form.name }}
            {% if form.name.errors %}
                <div class="text-danger">
                    {{ form.name.errors }}
                </div>
            {% endif %}
            {% if form.name.help_text %}
                <small class="text-muted">{{ form.name.help_text }}</small>
            {% endif %}
        </div>
        
        <div class="form-group">
            {{ form.email.label_tag }}
            {{ form.email }}
            {% if form.email.errors %}
                <div class="text-danger">{{ form.email.errors }}</div>
            {% endif %}
        </div>
        
        <div class="form-group">
            {{ form.message.label_tag }}
            {{ form.message }}
            {% if form.message.errors %}
                <div class="text-danger">{{ form.message.errors }}</div>
            {% endif %}
        </div>
        
        <div class="form-group">
            {{ form.subject.label_tag }}
            {{ form.subject }}
        </div>
        
        <div class="form-check">
            {{ form.agree }}
            {{ form.agree.label_tag }}
        </div>
        
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Yuborish</button>
    </form>
</div>
{% endblock %}

2.5 Form Rendering Methods

<!-- As paragraph -->
{{ form.as_p }}

<!-- As table -->
<table>{{ form.as_table }}</table>

<!-- As unordered list -->
<ul>{{ form.as_ul }}</ul>

<!-- Manual rendering -->
{% for field in form %}
    <div class="form-group">
        {{ field.label_tag }}
        {{ field }}
        {{ field.errors }}
    </div>
{% endfor %}

🗄️ 3. MODELFORM - MODEL BILAN FORM

3.1 ModelForm Yaratish

blog/forms.py:

from django import forms
from .models import Post

class PostForm(forms.ModelForm):
    """
    Post modeli uchun form
    
    ModelForm - model'dan avtomatik form yaratadi
    """
    class Meta:
        model = Post           # Qaysi model
        fields = '__all__'     # Barcha maydonlar
        # yoki
        # fields = ['title', 'content', 'category']  # Aniq maydonlar
        # exclude = ['author', 'created_at']  # Bunlardan tashqari
        
        # Labels
        labels = {
            'title': 'Sarlavha',
            'content': 'Mazmun',
            'is_published': 'Nashr qilinganmi?',
        }
        
        # Help text
        help_texts = {
            'title': 'Maqola sarlavhasi (maksimal 200 belgi)',
            'content': 'Maqola to\'liq mazmuni',
        }
        
        # Error messages
        error_messages = {
            'title': {
                'required': 'Sarlavha kiritish shart!',
                'max_length': 'Sarlavha juda uzun!',
            },
        }
        
        # Widgets
        widgets = {
            'title': forms.TextInput(attrs={
                'class': 'form-control',
                'placeholder': 'Maqola sarlavhasi'
            }),
            'content': forms.Textarea(attrs={
                'class': 'form-control',
                'rows': 10
            }),
            'category': forms.Select(attrs={
                'class': 'form-control'
            }),
        }

3.2 Create View (Yangi Obyekt Yaratish)

blog/views.py:

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from django.contrib import messages
from .forms import PostForm
from .models import Post

def post_create_view(request):
    """
    Yangi post yaratish
    """
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = PostForm(request.POST, request.FILES)  # FILES - rasm uchun
        
        if form.is_valid():
            # Formadan model obyekt yaratish
            post = form.save(commit=False)  # Hali database'ga saqlamaydi
            
            # Qo'shimcha ma'lumotlar qo'shish
            post.author = request.user
            post.slug = slugify(post.title)
            
            # Database'ga saqlash
            post.save()
            
            # Many-to-Many maydonlarni saqlash (agar commit=False bo'lsa)
            form.save_m2m()
            
            messages.success(request, 'Maqola muvaffaqiyatli yaratildi!')
            return redirect('blog:post_detail', post_id=post.id)
    else:
        form = PostForm()
    
    context = {'form': form}
    return render(request, 'blog/post_create.html', context)

3.3 Update View (Obyektni Yangilash)

blog/views.py:

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, get_object_or_404
from .forms import PostForm
from .models import Post

def post_update_view(request, post_id):
    """
    Mavjud postni yangilash
    """
    # Obyektni olish
    post = get_object_or_404(Post, id=post_id)
    
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # Mavjud obyekt bilan form yaratish
        form = PostForm(request.POST, request.FILES, instance=post)
        
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()  # Obyektni yangilaydi
            
            messages.success(request, 'Maqola yangilandi!')
            return redirect('blog:post_detail', post_id=post.id)
    else:
        # Mavjud ma'lumotlar bilan form
        form = PostForm(instance=post)
    
    context = {
        'form': form,
        'post': post
    }
    return render(request, 'blog/post_update.html', context)

✅ 4. FORM VALIDATION

4.1 Field-level Validation

from django import forms

class PostForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Post
        fields = ['title', 'content']
    
    def clean_title(self):
        """
        Title maydon uchun validation
        
        clean_<field_name> metod yaratish
        """
        title = self.cleaned_data.get('title')
        
        # Validation: Title kamida 10 belgi
        if len(title) < 10:
            raise forms.ValidationError(
                'Sarlavha kamida 10 belgidan iborat bo\'lishi kerak!'
            )
        
        # Validation: Title unique bo'lishi kerak
        if Post.objects.filter(title=title).exists():
            raise forms.ValidationError(
                'Bunday sarlavhali maqola allaqachon mavjud!'
            )
        
        # Validation: Bad words check
        bad_words = ['spam', 'fake']
        if any(word in title.lower() for word in bad_words):
            raise forms.ValidationError(
                'Sarlavhada noto\'g\'ri so\'zlar mavjud!'
            )
        
        return title

4.2 Form-level Validation

class RegistrationForm(forms.Form):
    username = forms.CharField(max_length=50)
    email = forms.EmailField()
    password1 = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput)
    password2 = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput)
    
    def clean(self):
        """
        Form-level validation
        Bir nechta maydonlarni birga tekshirish
        """
        cleaned_data = super().clean()
        
        password1 = cleaned_data.get('password1')
        password2 = cleaned_data.get('password2')
        
        # Parollar bir xil bo'lishi kerak
        if password1 and password2:
            if password1 != password2:
                raise forms.ValidationError(
                    'Parollar bir xil emas!'
                )
            
            # Parol kuchli bo'lishi kerak
            if len(password1) < 8:
                raise forms.ValidationError(
                    'Parol kamida 8 belgidan iborat bo\'lishi kerak!'
                )
        
        return cleaned_data

4.3 Custom Validators

from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError

def validate_even_number(value):
    """
    Juft son validation
    """
    if value % 2 != 0:
        raise ValidationError(
            f'{value} juft son emas!',
            params={'value': value}
        )

class MyForm(forms.Form):
    # Validator'ni field'ga qo'shish
    number = forms.IntegerField(
        validators=[validate_even_number]
    )

🎨 5. WIDGETS - INPUT CUSTOMIZATION

5.1 Built-in Widgets

from django import forms

class MyForm(forms.Form):
    # TextInput
    name = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput)
    
    # Textarea
    bio = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea)
    
    # PasswordInput
    password = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput)
    
    # EmailInput
    email = forms.EmailField(widget=forms.EmailInput)
    
    # URLInput
    website = forms.URLField(widget=forms.URLInput)
    
    # NumberInput
    age = forms.IntegerField(widget=forms.NumberInput)
    
    # DateInput
    birth_date = forms.DateField(widget=forms.DateInput)
    
    # TimeInput
    time = forms.TimeField(widget=forms.TimeInput)
    
    # Select
    country = forms.ChoiceField(
        choices=[('uz', 'Uzbekistan'), ('us', 'USA')],
        widget=forms.Select
    )
    
    # RadioSelect
    gender = forms.ChoiceField(
        choices=[('m', 'Male'), ('f', 'Female')],
        widget=forms.RadioSelect
    )
    
    # CheckboxInput
    agree = forms.BooleanField(widget=forms.CheckboxInput)
    
    # CheckboxSelectMultiple
    interests = forms.MultipleChoiceField(
        choices=[('tech', 'Technology'), ('sport', 'Sport')],
        widget=forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple
    )
    
    # FileInput
    document = forms.FileField(widget=forms.FileInput)
    
    # ClearableFileInput
    image = forms.ImageField(widget=forms.ClearableFileInput)
    
    # HiddenInput
    hidden_field = forms.CharField(widget=forms.HiddenInput)

5.2 Widget Attributes

class ContactForm(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField(
        widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={
            'class': 'form-control',
            'id': 'name-field',
            'placeholder': 'Ismingizni kiriting',
            'autocomplete': 'name',
            'required': True,
            'autofocus': True,
            'maxlength': 100,
        })
    )
    
    email = forms.EmailField(
        widget=forms.EmailInput(attrs={
            'class': 'form-control',
            'placeholder': 'email@example.com',
        })
    )
    
    message = forms.CharField(
        widget=forms.Textarea(attrs={
            'class': 'form-control',
            'rows': 5,
            'cols': 40,
            'placeholder': 'Xabaringiz...',
        })
    )

📤 6. FILE UPLOAD FORMS

6.1 File Upload Form

blog/forms.py:

from django import forms
from .models import Post

class PostForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Post
        fields = ['title', 'content', 'image']
        
        widgets = {
            'image': forms.FileInput(attrs={
                'class': 'form-control',
                'accept': 'image/*'  # Faqat rasmlar
            })
        }

blog/views.py:

def post_create_view(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        # MUHIM: request.FILES ham kerak!
        form = PostForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
        
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return redirect('blog:post_list')
    else:
        form = PostForm()
    
    return render(request, 'blog/post_create.html', {'form': form})

Template:

<!-- MUHIM: enctype="multipart/form-data" -->
<form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {{ form.as_p }}
    <button type="submit">Yuborish</button>
</form>

6.2 Multiple File Upload

class MultipleFileForm(forms.Form):
    files = forms.FileField(
        widget=forms.ClearableFileInput(attrs={
            'multiple': True,
            'class': 'form-control'
        })
    )

# View
def upload_files(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = MultipleFileForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
        if form.is_valid():
            files = request.FILES.getlist('files')
            for file in files:
                # Har bir faylni saqlash
                pass
    else:
        form = MultipleFileForm()
    
    return render(request, 'upload.html', {'form': form})

🎯 AMALIYOT TOPSHIRIQLARI

📝 Topshiriq 1: Contact Form (Oson)

Vazifalar:

ContactForm yarating (name, email, subject, message)
View yarating (GET va POST)
Template yarating
Email yuborish (print qiling)
Success message

📝 Topshiriq 2: Blog Post Form (O'rta)

Vazifalar:

PostForm (ModelForm)
Create va Update views
Field validation (title min 10 chars)
Image upload
Category select
CSRF protection

📝 Topshiriq 3: User Registration (Qiyin)

Vazifalar:

RegistrationForm (username, email, password1, password2)
Custom validation (password match, username unique)
Profile picture upload
Terms checkbox
Email confirmation
Custom error messages

📋 TEZKOR SINTAKSIS

# ========== FORM CLASS ==========
from django import forms

class MyForm(forms.Form):
    name = forms.CharField(max_length=100)
    email = forms.EmailField()
    message = forms.CharField(widget=forms.Textarea)

# ========== MODELFORM ==========
class PostForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Post
        fields = '__all__'
        widgets = {
            'title': forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'})
        }

# ========== VIEW ==========
def my_view(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = MyForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
        if form.is_valid():
            data = form.cleaned_data
            # Process data
            return redirect('success')
    else:
        form = MyForm()
    return render(request, 'form.html', {'form': form})

# ========== TEMPLATE ==========
<form method="POST" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {{ form.as_p }}
    <button type="submit">Submit</button>
</form>

# ========== VALIDATION ==========
def clean_field_name(self):
    data = self.cleaned_data['field_name']
    if condition:
        raise forms.ValidationError("Error message")
    return data

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README.md

🧩 07-DARS: DJANGO FORMS

🎯 Dars Maqsadi

📚 Boshlashdan Oldin

Kerakli Bilimlar:

Tayyorgarlik:

📝 1. DJANGO FORMS NIMA?

1.1 Forms Tushunchasi

1.2 Forms Afzalliklari

1.3 Form vs ModelForm

🎨 2. ODDIY FORM YARATISH

2.1 Form Class

2.2 Form Field Types

2.3 View'da Form Ishlatish

2.4 Template'da Form Render

2.5 Form Rendering Methods

🗄️ 3. MODELFORM - MODEL BILAN FORM

3.1 ModelForm Yaratish

3.2 Create View (Yangi Obyekt Yaratish)

3.3 Update View (Obyektni Yangilash)

✅ 4. FORM VALIDATION

4.1 Field-level Validation

4.2 Form-level Validation

4.3 Custom Validators

🎨 5. WIDGETS - INPUT CUSTOMIZATION

5.1 Built-in Widgets

5.2 Widget Attributes

📤 6. FILE UPLOAD FORMS

6.1 File Upload Form

6.2 Multiple File Upload

🎯 AMALIYOT TOPSHIRIQLARI

📝 Topshiriq 1: Contact Form (Oson)

📝 Topshiriq 2: Blog Post Form (O'rta)

📝 Topshiriq 3: User Registration (Qiyin)

📋 TEZKOR SINTAKSIS

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README.md

🧩 07-DARS: DJANGO FORMS

🎯 Dars Maqsadi

📚 Boshlashdan Oldin

Kerakli Bilimlar:

Tayyorgarlik:

📝 1. DJANGO FORMS NIMA?

1.1 Forms Tushunchasi

1.2 Forms Afzalliklari

1.3 Form vs ModelForm

🎨 2. ODDIY FORM YARATISH

2.1 Form Class

2.2 Form Field Types

2.3 View'da Form Ishlatish

2.4 Template'da Form Render

2.5 Form Rendering Methods

🗄️ 3. MODELFORM - MODEL BILAN FORM

3.1 ModelForm Yaratish

3.2 Create View (Yangi Obyekt Yaratish)

3.3 Update View (Obyektni Yangilash)

✅ 4. FORM VALIDATION

4.1 Field-level Validation

4.2 Form-level Validation

4.3 Custom Validators

🎨 5. WIDGETS - INPUT CUSTOMIZATION

5.1 Built-in Widgets

5.2 Widget Attributes

📤 6. FILE UPLOAD FORMS

6.1 File Upload Form

6.2 Multiple File Upload

🎯 AMALIYOT TOPSHIRIQLARI

📝 Topshiriq 1: Contact Form (Oson)

📝 Topshiriq 2: Blog Post Form (O'rta)

📝 Topshiriq 3: User Registration (Qiyin)

📋 TEZKOR SINTAKSIS