From 7da2cbc30c9015295e2dcfec270a51ca6b21f804 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henry Zhan <hengz@middlebury.edu>
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 2026 15:49:56 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Add {:unsafe_fragment, ...} support to RETURNING clause

This adds support for raw SQL fragments in the RETURNING clause,
matching the existing pattern used by conflict_target.

This enables use cases like returning computed expressions:
  RETURNING id, (price = EXCLUDED.price) AS was_skipped
---
 lib/ecto/adapters/postgres/connection.ex | 3 +++
 test/ecto/adapters/postgres_test.exs     | 4 ++++
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+)

diff --git a/lib/ecto/adapters/postgres/connection.ex b/lib/ecto/adapters/postgres/connection.ex
index c7f6282b..f5d3faf6 100644
--- a/lib/ecto/adapters/postgres/connection.ex
+++ b/lib/ecto/adapters/postgres/connection.ex
@@ -1204,6 +1204,9 @@ if Code.ensure_loaded?(Postgrex) do
     defp returning([]),
       do: []
 
+    defp returning({:unsafe_fragment, fragment}),
+      do: [" RETURNING ", fragment]
+
     defp returning(returning),
       do: [" RETURNING " | quote_names(returning)]
 
diff --git a/test/ecto/adapters/postgres_test.exs b/test/ecto/adapters/postgres_test.exs
index cea992a3..a9dd03bf 100644
--- a/test/ecto/adapters/postgres_test.exs
+++ b/test/ecto/adapters/postgres_test.exs
@@ -1877,6 +1877,10 @@ defmodule Ecto.Adapters.PostgresTest do
 
     query = insert("prefix", "schema", [], [[]], {:raise, [], []}, [])
     assert query == ~s{INSERT INTO "prefix"."schema" VALUES (DEFAULT)}
+
+    # With unsafe_fragment in returning
+    query = insert(nil, "schema", [:x, :y], [[:x, :y]], {:raise, [], []}, {:unsafe_fragment, ~s{"id", ("x" = "y") AS "was_equal"}})
+    assert query == ~s{INSERT INTO "schema" ("x","y") VALUES ($1,$2) RETURNING "id", ("x" = "y") AS "was_equal"}
   end
 
   test "insert with on conflict" do

From a9afee5db6cb94c99592d681cdd46a23cb60d844 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Henry Zhan <hengz@middlebury.edu>
Date: Wed, 18 Mar 2026 09:48:02 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Add {:unsafe_fragment, ...} support to RETURNING clause
 for TDS adapter

This mirrors the same change made to the PostgreSQL adapter, allowing raw SQL
expressions in the OUTPUT clause for SQL Server.
---
 lib/ecto/adapters/tds/connection.ex | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/lib/ecto/adapters/tds/connection.ex b/lib/ecto/adapters/tds/connection.ex
index 1c397f8e..be1cf229 100644
--- a/lib/ecto/adapters/tds/connection.ex
+++ b/lib/ecto/adapters/tds/connection.ex
@@ -1027,6 +1027,9 @@ if Code.ensure_loaded?(Tds) do
 
     defp returning([], _verb), do: []
 
+    defp returning({:unsafe_fragment, fragment}, _verb),
+      do: [" OUTPUT ", fragment]
+
     defp returning(returning, verb) when is_list(returning) do
       [" OUTPUT ", Enum.map_intersperse(returning, ", ", &[verb, ?., quote_name(&1)])]
     end