-
+{{< glossary_language_switcher current="arabic" >}}
### لمحة عامّة
diff --git a/content/glossary/chinese/_index.md b/content/glossary/chinese/_index.md
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@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+---
+title: 术语表
+toc: true
+# View.
+# 1 = List
+# 2 = Compact
+# 3 = Card
+# 4 = Citation
+view: 1
+
+# Optional header image (relative to `static/media/` folder).
+header:
+ caption: ""
+ image: ""
+type: "glossary"
+---
+
+{{< glossary_language_switcher current="chinese" >}}
+
+### 简介
+
+过去十年间，开放科学运动引入并改进了许多研究实践。这些举措的涉及面之广、数量之繁多，令人应接不暇。因此，一份清晰易懂的入门介绍显得尤为重要 (例如，Crüwell et al. 2019; Kathawalla, Silverstein, & Syed, 2020)。只有对这些举措的目标形成共识，我们才能更有效地讨论各类实践的优势与局限，并最终朝着理想的学术生态迈进 (Nosek & Bar-Anan, 2012)。
+
+随着这场向更高透明度和严谨性转变的文化变革不断发展，研究实践与研究文化领域涌现出大量术语。对于不熟悉的人而言，这些新名词可能会成为他们理解和参与讨论的障碍；而对于熟悉的人来说，定义模糊或相互矛盾的术语则可能引发困惑和误解。
+
+为了降低理解和参与门槛，我们在此提供一份开放学术相关的术语表。我们希望这份术语表能够帮助厘清相关术语的含义，包括说明不同语境下的术语用法和互换关系，以及阐明某些术语在特定领域或学生群体中鲜为人知的情况。同时，我们也希望这份术语表能够成为初学者的重要参考资料，增强其参与开放学术讨论的信心。我们还期望这一术语表可以在指导和教学中发挥作用，让初学者和专家都能高效地沟通交流。
+
+{{% alert note %}}
+
+如果您以任何形式使用本术语表，请引用以下论文：
+
+Parsons, S., Azevedo, F., Elsherif, M. M., Guay, S., Shahim, O. N., Govaart, G. H., … & Aczel, B. (2022). A Community-Sourced Glossary of Open Scholarship Terms. *Nature Human Behaviour, 6*(3), 312–318. [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01269-4](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01269-4)
+
+👀 【可访问出版商网站上的[编辑后版本](https://rdcu.be/cHsqM)，以及与正式发表内容一致的作者[后印本 (postprint)](https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/kdqcw)。】
+
+{{% /alert %}}
+
+### 项目进展
+
+
+
+我们已顺利完成了第一阶段的工作 🎉！这意味着，我们从一个宏大的构想起步，最终将其发展成为了一个成熟的众包项目。***超过110位贡献者***经过多次深入讨论后达成共识，定义并审核了***250多个开放学术相关术语***。我们的成果已发表于 [***《自然·人类行为》(Nature Human Behaviour)***](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01269-4)，所有贡献者均为共同作者。🥳
+
+### 第二阶段
+
+
+
+[
🚨 FORRT 术语表项目的第二阶段现已开启 ！🚨
](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1BKzztg7srUeC_2Yn0b7cMbxp_vYMDlOnEYpxg_S2hWs/)
+
+
+
+在第一阶段取得成功后，我们诚邀您继续参与，与我们共同完善这一资源。我们欢迎各种形式的贡献，包括改进现有定义、扩展术语适用范围、以及将术语翻译成多种语言以提升其可及性等。
+
+---
+
+术语表的完整参考文献列表可在[此链接](/glossary/references)查看。
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/_\345\205\204\345\274\237_\345\274\217\345\274\200\346\224\276\347\247\221\345\255\246.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/_\345\205\204\345\274\237_\345\274\217\345\274\200\346\224\276\347\247\221\345\255\246.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0d1b9059c63
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/_\345\205\204\345\274\237_\345\274\217\345\274\200\346\224\276\347\247\221\345\255\246.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "“兄弟”式开放科学 [Bropenscience]",
+ "sort_key": "xiongdi”shikaifangkexue",
+ "definition": "这个具有讽刺意味的表达，意在引发人们对开放科学中多元声音缺失问题的关注（Bahlai, Bartlett, Burgio et al., 2019; Onie, 2020），以及对其存在的有害或排他性行为和沟通方式的反思。值得强调的是，“兄弟”不仅仅限于男性，而是泛指那些表现出狭隘思维、缺乏自省、敌意满满且排斥他人的个体（Pownall et al., 2021; Whitaker & Guest, 2020）。 这类人通常属于优势群体，是结构性特权的受益者。 面对“兄弟”式开放科学的挑战，研究人员需要反思并解决学术体系和机构中存在的结构性不平等。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Diversity",
+ "Inclusion",
+ "Intersectionality",
+ "Open Science"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Guest, O. [@o_guest]. (2017). Thanks! Hopefully this thread & many other similar discussions & blogs will help make it less Bropen Science and more Open Science. *hides* . Twitter. Retrieved from https://twitter.com/o_guest/status/871675631062458368",
+ "Whitaker, K., & Guest, O. (2020). #bropenscience is broken science. The Psychologist, 33, 34–37.",
+ "Pownall, M., Talbot, C. V., Henschel, A., Lautarescu, A., Lloyd, K. E., Hartmann, H., Darda, K. M., Tang, K. T. Y., Carmichael-Murphy, P., & Siegel, J. A. (2021). Navigating Open Science as Early Career Feminist Researchers. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 45(4), 526–539. https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843211029255 Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03616843211029255"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Zoe Flack"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Magdalena Grose-Hodge",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Bethan Iley",
+ "Tamara Kalandadze",
+ "Adam Parker",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Flávio Azevedo",
+ "Bradley Baker",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/_\346\227\247\351\207\221\345\261\261\347\247\221\347\240\224\350\257\204\344\274\260\345\256\243\350\250\200_.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/_\346\227\247\351\207\221\345\261\261\347\247\221\347\240\224\350\257\204\344\274\260\345\256\243\350\250\200_.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a517c17cb48
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/_\346\227\247\351\207\221\345\261\261\347\247\221\347\240\224\350\257\204\344\274\260\345\256\243\350\250\200_.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "《旧金山科研评估宣言》 [DORA]",
+ "sort_key": "jiujinshankeyanpingguxuanyan》",
+ "definition": "《旧金山科研评估宣言》（the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment，简称DORA）是一项全球倡议，旨在减少对期刊指标（例如，期刊影响因子和引用次数）的依赖，转而推崇一种重视科研内在价值的文化。DORA 面向科研资助者、出版商、科研机构与研究人员，签署它意味着承诺将在科研实践和评估程序中贯彻其原则。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Generalizability",
+ "Journal Impact Factor",
+ "Open Science"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Health Research Board. (n.d.). Declaration on Research Assessment. Retrieved from https://www.hrb.ie/funding/funding-schemes/before-you-apply/how-we-assess-applications/declaration-on-research-assessment/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Aoife O’Mahony"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Connor Keating",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/glossary/chinese/amnesia.md b/content/glossary/chinese/amnesia.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c9b3f2c6c82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/glossary/chinese/amnesia.md
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "AMNESIA",
+ "sort_key": "amnesia",
+ "definition": "AMNESIA 是一款免费的匿名化工具，用于移除数据中的身份识别信息。用户上传包含个人信息的数据集后，该工具会转换原始数据集，生成一个在个人和敏感信息方面实现匿名化的数据集。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Anonymity",
+ "Confidentiality",
+ "Research ethics"
+ ],
+ "references": [],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Norbert Vanek"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie",
+ "Myriam A. Baum",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/arrive\346\214\207\345\215\227.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/arrive\346\214\207\345\215\227.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4cc7be6b9fc
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/arrive\346\214\207\345\215\227.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "ARRIVE指南 [ARRIVE Guidelines]",
+ "sort_key": "arrivezhinan",
+ "definition": "ARRIVE指南（动物研究：在体实验报告）是一套基于清单的报告指南，旨在改进活体（即在体）动物研究的报告标准，并增强其可重复性。第二代ARRIVE指南，即ARRIVE 2.0，于2020年发布。新指南的表述更加清晰，条目内容被重新排序以突出优先级，新增了配套的“解释”和“阐述”文档用于说明每一条目的设立依据，并提供了一组推荐内容以帮助更好地呈现研究背景。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "PREPARE Guidelines",
+ "Reporting Guideline",
+ "STRANGE"
+ ],
+ "references": [],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Ben Farrar"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Elias Garcia-Pelegrin",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Wanyin Li",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/glossary/chinese/bizarre.md b/content/glossary/chinese/bizarre.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c4c0eccc058
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/glossary/chinese/bizarre.md
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "BIZARRE",
+ "sort_key": "bizarre",
+ "definition": "缩略词BIZARRE指的是贫乏的、制度化的、圈养的和其他罕见的饲养环境。目前大多数对黑猩猩的研究都是基于这种特定样本。这种做法限制了研究结果在黑猩猩群体中的普遍适用性。有人认为，BIZARRE样本被错误地视为黑猩猩的普遍代表（参见WEIRD群体被视为人类的普遍代表）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Populations",
+ "STRANGE",
+ "WEIRD"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Clark, H., Elsherif, M. M., & Leavens, D. A. (2019). Ontogeny vs. phylogeny in primate/canid comparisons: a meta-analysis of the object choice task. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 105, 178–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.001",
+ "Leavens, D. A., Bard, K. A., & Hopkins, W. D. (2010). BIZARRE chimpanzees do not represent “the chimpanzee.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33(2–3), 100–101. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X10000166"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Zoe Flack",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/coar\345\255\230\345\202\250\345\272\223\350\211\257\345\245\275\345\256\236\350\267\265\347\244\276\345\214\272\346\241\206\346\236\266.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/coar\345\255\230\345\202\250\345\272\223\350\211\257\345\245\275\345\256\236\350\267\265\347\244\276\345\214\272\346\241\206\346\236\266.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..68440364ecc
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/coar\345\255\230\345\202\250\345\272\223\350\211\257\345\245\275\345\256\236\350\267\265\347\244\276\345\214\272\346\241\206\346\236\266.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "COAR存储库良好实践社区框架 [COAR Community Framework for Good Practices in Repositories]",
+ "sort_key": "coarcunchukulianghaoshijianshequkuangjia",
+ "definition": "用于识别科学存储库最佳实践以及这些实践评估标准的框架。其灵活且多维的设计能适应多种存储库类型，包括托管出版物或数据的存储库，且适用于不同的地理位置和主题背景。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Metadata",
+ "Open Access",
+ "Open Data",
+ "Open Material",
+ "Repository",
+ "TRUST principles"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "of Open Access Repositories, C. (2020). COAR Community Framework for Best Practices in Repositories (Version 1). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4110829"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Aleksandra Lazić"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ashley Blake",
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Bethan Iley",
+ "Sam Parsons"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/fair\345\216\237\345\210\231.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/fair\345\216\237\345\210\231.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c7903b4b33f
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/fair\345\216\237\345\210\231.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "FAIR原则 [FAIR principles]",
+ "sort_key": "fairyuanze",
+ "definition": "FAIR原则描述了学术资料应可查找、可访问、可互操作和可重复使用。\"可查找\"和\"可访问\"关注资料的存储位置（例如，数据存储仓库），而\"可互操作\"和\"可重复使用\"则强调数据格式的重要性及其在未来的会如何变化。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Metadata",
+ "Open Access",
+ "Open Code",
+ "Open Data",
+ "Open Material",
+ "Repository"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Crüwell, S., van Doorn, J., Etz, A., Makel, M. C., Moshontz, H., Niebaum, J. C., Orben, A., Parsons, S., & Schulte-Mecklenbeck, M. (2019). Seven Easy Steps to Open Science: An Annotated Reading List. Zeitschrift Für Psychologie, 227(4), 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000387",
+ "Wilkinson, M. D., Dumontier, M., Aalbersberg, I. J., Appleton, G., Axton, M., Baak, A., & others. (2016). The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship. Scientific Data, 3(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Sonia Rishi"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/glossary/chinese/g_power.md b/content/glossary/chinese/g_power.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..756e2f6d07c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/glossary/chinese/g_power.md
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "G*Power",
+ "sort_key": "g*power",
+ "definition": "G*Power 是一款免费的统计软件，专用于进行功效分析。用户需选择统计检验类型（例如，t检验、回归、方差分析）以及以下四项中的三项：组数/观察数、效应量大小、显著性水平或统计功效，以便计算未指定的参数。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Power analysis",
+ "Sample size justification",
+ "Sample size planning",
+ "Statistical power"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146",
+ "Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 1149–1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Filip Dechterenko"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Thomas Rhys Evans",
+ "Kai Krautter",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/glossary/chinese/git.md b/content/glossary/chinese/git.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9eecf1d7514
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/glossary/chinese/git.md
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "Git",
+ "sort_key": "git",
+ "definition": "Git是一款由Linus Torvalds开发的，用于追踪本地文件集的更改（本地版本控制）的软件包。程序员通常使用Git在指定的目录、文件夹或文件系统中跟踪和开发计算机源代码。Git还支持远程存储库托管服务（例如，GitHub），通过从本地系统上传贡献来实现协作软件开发。Git 在科研领域被广泛应用，使开放数据、开放代码和可重复性分析成为可能。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "GitHub",
+ "Repository",
+ "Version control"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Kalliamvakou, E., Gousios, G., Blincoe, K., Singer, L., German, D. M., & Damian, D. (2014). The promises and perils of mining github. Proceedings of the 11th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories, 92–101.",
+ "Scopatz, A. M., & Huff, K. D. (2015). Effective Computation in Physics: Field Guide to Research with Python (1st ed.). O’Reilly Media. http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920033424.do",
+ "Vuorre, M., & Curley, J. P. (2018). Curating research assets: A tutorial on the Git version control system. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(2), 219–236. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918754826",
+ "git/git. (n.d.). Initial revision of ‘git’, the information manager from hell. GitHub. https://github.com/git/git/commit/e83c5163316f89bfbde7d9ab23ca2e25604af290"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Emma Norris"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Adrien Fillon",
+ "Bettina M.J. Kern",
+ "Dominik Kiersz",
+ "Robert M. Ross"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/h\346\214\207\346\225\260.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/h\346\214\207\346\225\260.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c3ab45ecbb7
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/h\346\214\207\346\225\260.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "H指数 [H-index]",
+ "sort_key": "hzhishu",
+ "definition": "Hirsch指数（简称“H指数”），旨在通过综合考察研究者发表论文的数量及其被引次数，来量化科研产出和学术影响力。该指数被定义为“被引次数大于等于h的论文数量” （Hirsch, 2005, p. 16569）。换句话说，H指数是指，某位研究者（或期刊）发表了至少 h 篇被引次数不少于h次的论文。相较于仅评估被引次数或发表论文数量的指标，H指数被视为是一种更优的评估标准，但其在研究者评价方面的适用性仍存在争议（如Wendl, 2007）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Citation",
+ "DORA",
+ "I10-index",
+ "Impact"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Hirsch, J. E. (2005). An index to quantify an individual’s scientific research output. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102(46), 16569–16572. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0507655102",
+ "Wendl, M. C. (2007). H-index: however ranked, citations need context. Nature, 449(7161), 403–403. https://doi.org/10.1038/449403b"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Jacob Miranda"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Bradley J. Baker",
+ "Mahmoud M. Elsherif",
+ "Brett J. Gall",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/i10\346\214\207\346\225\260.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/i10\346\214\207\346\225\260.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8d34b65488c
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/i10\346\214\207\346\225\260.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "i10指数 [i10-index]",
+ "sort_key": "i10zhishu",
+ "definition": "i10指数是谷歌学术创建的一项科研评价指标，用于衡量研究者发表的、被引次数达到10次及以上的论文的数量。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Citation",
+ "DORA",
+ "H-index",
+ "Impact"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "University, C. (2020). Measuring your research impact: i10 index. Cornell University Library. https://guides.library.cornell.edu/impact/author-impact-10"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Emma Norris"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Flávio Azevedo",
+ "Sam Parsons"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/glossary/chinese/jabref.md b/content/glossary/chinese/jabref.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2fb8f637b13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/glossary/chinese/jabref.md
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "JabRef",
+ "sort_key": "jabref",
+ "definition": "JabRef是一款开源、跨平台、免费的引文与参考文献管理工具。它支持编辑 BibTeX 文件、从在线科学数据库导入数据、以及管理和搜索 BibTeX 文件。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Open source software"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Team, J. D. (2021). JabRef - An open-source, cross-platform citation and reference management software. https://www.jabref.org"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Aleksandra Lazić"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Christopher Graham",
+ "Michele C. Lim",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Steven Verheyen"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/glossary/chinese/jamovi.md b/content/glossary/chinese/jamovi.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..736ffc1330b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/glossary/chinese/jamovi.md
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "Jamovi",
+ "sort_key": "jamovi",
+ "definition": "Jamovi是一款基于 R 语言的免费、开源数据分析软件。该软件具有图形用户界面，能够为数据分析提供 R 代码。Jamovi将数据、代码、分析过程与结果保存在一个文件中，支持了计算可重复性。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "JASP",
+ "Open source",
+ "R",
+ "Reproducibility"
+ ],
+ "references": [],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Amélie Beffara Bret"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Adrien Fillon",
+ "Alexander Hart",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/glossary/chinese/jasp.md b/content/glossary/chinese/jasp.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9ca2968e0d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/glossary/chinese/jasp.md
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "JASP",
+ "sort_key": "jasp",
+ "definition": "JASP以Sir Harold Jeffreys的名字命名，意为“Jeffrey开发的令人惊叹的统计程序”。它是一款免费、开源的数据分析软件，依赖于用户界面，提供零假设检验及其对应的贝叶斯检验。JASP将数据、代码、分析和结果都保存在同一文件中，支持了计算可重复性。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Jamovi",
+ "Open source"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Team, J. (2020). JASP (Version 0.14.1) [Computer software]."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Amélie Beffara Bret"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Adrien Fillon, Adam Parker",
+ "Sam Parsons"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/json_\346\226\207\344\273\266.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/json_\346\226\207\344\273\266.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6ce40faeee8
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/json_\346\226\207\344\273\266.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "JSON 文件 [JSON file]",
+ "sort_key": "json wenjian",
+ "definition": "JSON（JavaScript Object Notation）是一种用于结构化数据的数据格式，可用于表示“属性-值”对。其值可包含JSON符号（即嵌套信息）。JSON文件可被正式编码为文本字符串，因此具有可读性。除了存储信息，这一特性还可用于为其他内容添加注释。例如，在脑成像数据结构（Brain Imaging Data Structure，简称BIDS）中，可以通过使用JSON文件，按照标准化格式（dataset_description.json）来描述元数据集。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "BIDS data structure",
+ "Metadata"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "BIDS. (n.d.). Modality agnostic files. Retrieved from https://bids-specification.readthedocs.io/en/stable/03-modality-agnostic-files.html"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Tina Lonsdorf"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Alexander Hart",
+ "Matt Jaquiery",
+ "Emma Norris",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/glossary/chinese/manel.md b/content/glossary/chinese/manel.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d46afe2f1d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/glossary/chinese/manel.md
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "Manel",
+ "sort_key": "manel",
+ "definition": "Manel是“male panel”的合成词，通常指完全由男性（尤其是白人男性）组成的会议发言小组。这一术语经常出现在有关学术界性别差异的讨论中，例如女性通常不被同行视为专家，导致其职业发展机会较少。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Bropenscience",
+ "Diversity",
+ "Equity",
+ "Feminist psychology",
+ "Inclusion",
+ "Under-representation"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Bouvy, J. C., & Mujoomdar, M. (2019). All-Male Panels and Gender Diversity of Issue Panels and Plenary Sessions at ISPOR Europe. PharmacoEconomics-Open, 3(3), 419–422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41669-019-0153-0",
+ "Goodman, S. W., & Pepinsky, T. B. (2019). Gender Representation and Strategies for Panel Diversity: Lessons from the APSA Annual Meeting. PS: Political Science & Politics, 52(4), 669–676. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096519000908",
+ "Nittrouer, C., Hebl, M., Ashburn-Nardo, L., Trump-Steele, R., Lane, D., & Valian, V. (2018). Gender disparities in colloquium speakers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(1), 104–108. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708414115",
+ "Rodriguez, J. K., & Günther, E. A. (2020). What’s wrong with manels and what can we do about it. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/whats-wrong-with-manels-and-what-can-we-do-about-them-148068"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Sam Parsons"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Thomas Rhys Evans",
+ "Beatrice Valentini",
+ "Christopher Graham",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/m\347\261\273\351\224\231\350\257\257.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/m\347\261\273\351\224\231\350\257\257.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3c5a4edcc08
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/m\347\261\273\351\224\231\350\257\257.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "M类错误 [Type M error]",
+ "sort_key": "mleicuowu",
+ "definition": "M类错误指研究者对效应幅度的误判：认为观察效应小于或大于实际效应（例如，低估强效应或高估弱效应）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Statistical power",
+ "Type S error",
+ "Type I error",
+ "Type II error"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Gelman, A., & Carlin, J. (2014). Beyond Power Calculations: Assessing Type S (Sign) and Type M (Magnitude) Errors. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9(6), 641–651. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614551642",
+ "Lu, J., Qiu, Y., & Deng, A. (2018). A note on Type S/M errors in hypothesis testing. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 72(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/bmsp.12132"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Eduardo Garcia-Garzon"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Graham Reid",
+ "Mirela Zaneva"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/glossary/chinese/openneuro.md b/content/glossary/chinese/openneuro.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..262e351f487
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/glossary/chinese/openneuro.md
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "OpenNeuro",
+ "sort_key": "openneuro",
+ "definition": "OpenNeuro是一个免费的平台，研究人员可以在此免费、公开地分享、浏览、下载并再利用大脑影像数据（如MRI、MEG、EEG、iEEG、ECoG、ASL和PET数据）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "BIDS data structure",
+ "Open data",
+ "OpenfMRI"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Poldrack, R. A., Barch, D. M., Mitchell, J. P., Wager, T. D., Wagner, A. D., Devlin, J. T., Cumba, C., Koyejo, O., & Milham, M. P. (2013). Toward open sharing of task-based fMRI data: The OpenfMRI project. Frontiers in Neuroinformatics, 7, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fninf.2013.00012",
+ "Poldrack, R. A., & Gorgolewski, K. J. (2014). Making big data open: Data sharing in neuroimaging. Nature Neuroscience, 17(11), 1510–1517. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.3818",
+ "OpenNeuro. (n.d.). A free and open platform for sharing MRI, MEG, EEG, iEEG, ECoG, ASL, and PET data—OpenNeuro. OpenNeuro. https://openneuro.org/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Leticia Micheli, Gisela H. Govaart"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/p_\346\233\262\347\272\277.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/p_\346\233\262\347\272\277.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b7f817a86c4
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/p_\346\233\262\347\272\277.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "P-曲线 [P-curve]",
+ "sort_key": "p-quxian",
+ "definition": "P-曲线是一种用于识别潜在发表偏倚的工具，其通过分析一系列独立研究结果中显著性p值的分布特征来实现。该技术基于对预期右偏分布偏离程度的评估，来判断发表偏倚的存在及其程度：若曲线呈现右偏态，则表明存在更多低而显著的p值，反映潜在真实效应的存在；若曲线呈现左偏态，则说明许多p值仅略低于0.05，暗示结果几乎不显著，揭示了研究证据的不足，并表明可能暗藏p值操纵等不当研究行为。在不存在真实效应（即真零假设成立）的情况下，如果p值的报告是完全无偏的，那么p曲线应该是一条平坦的水平线，代表p值的典型分布。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "File-drawer",
+ "Hypothesis",
+ "*P*\\-hacking",
+ "*p*\\-value",
+ "Publication bias (File Drawer Problem)",
+ "Questionable Research Practices or Questionable Reporting Practices (QRPs)",
+ "Selective reporting",
+ "Z-curve"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Bruns, S. B., & Ioannidis, J. P. (2016). P-curve and p-hacking in observational research. PLoS ONE, 11(2), e0149144. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0149144",
+ "Simonsohn, U., Nelson, L. D., & Simmons, J. P. (2014). P-curve: a key to the file-drawer. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(2), 534. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030850",
+ "Simonsohn, U., Nelson, L. D., & Simmons, J. P. (2014). P-curve and effect size: Correcting for publication bias using only significant results. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9(6), 666–681. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614553988",
+ "Simonsohn, U., Nelson, L. D., & Simmons, J. P. (2019). P-curve won’t do your laundry, but it will distinguish replicable from non-replicable findings in observational research: Comment on Bruns & Ioannidis (2016). PLoS ONE, 14(3), e0213454. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213454"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Bettina M. J. Kern"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Sam Guay",
+ "Kamil Izydorczak",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Robert M. Ross",
+ "Olmo van den Akker"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/pci_\346\263\250\345\206\214\346\212\245\345\221\212.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/pci_\346\263\250\345\206\214\346\212\245\345\221\212.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d453afcc0db
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/pci_\346\263\250\345\206\214\346\212\245\345\221\212.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "PCI 注册报告 [PCI Registered Reports]",
+ "sort_key": "pci zhucebaogao",
+ "definition": "PCI注册报告倡议于2021年启动，致力于科学、技术、工程和数学（Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics，简称STEM）、医学、社会科学及人文学科的注册报告的接收、审查与推荐。PCI注册报告由“推荐者”监督（类似执行编辑），并由至少两名领域专家进行评审。它在各研究领域提供免费、透明的研究前（第一阶段）和研究后（第二阶段）评审。支持 PCI注册报告的期刊认可其评审标准，并承诺接受从中获得积极推荐的报告，而无需再进行额外的同行评审。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "In Principle Acceptance (IPA)",
+ "Open Access",
+ "PCI (Peer Community In)",
+ "Publication bias (File Drawer Problem)",
+ "Registered Report",
+ "Results blind",
+ "Stage 1 study review",
+ "Stage 2 study review",
+ "Transparency"
+ ],
+ "references": [],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Sarah Ashcroft-Jones",
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Helena Hartmann"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/prepare_\346\214\207\345\215\227.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/prepare_\346\214\207\345\215\227.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..034f141def8
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/prepare_\346\214\207\345\215\227.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "PREPARE 指南 [PREPARE Guidelines]",
+ "sort_key": "prepare zhinan",
+ "definition": "PREPARE 指南与检查清单（动物研究及实验程序规划：卓越研究建议）旨在协助规划动物实验研究，遵循“3R原则“ （替代、减少、优化），并提升动物实验研究的可重复性。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "ARRIVE Guidelines",
+ "Reporting Guideline",
+ "STRANGE"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Smith, A. J., Clutton, R. E., Lilley, E., Hansen, K. E. A., & Brattelid, T. (2018). PREPARE: Guidelines for planning animal research and testing. Laboratory Animals, 52(2), 135–141. https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677217724823"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Ben Farrar"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Gilad Feldman",
+ "Elias Garcia-Pelegrin"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/glossary/chinese/pubpeer.md b/content/glossary/chinese/pubpeer.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..11ffce1721b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/glossary/chinese/pubpeer.md
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "PubPeer",
+ "sort_key": "pubpeer",
+ "definition": "PuPeer是一个允许用户针对已发表研究发布匿名同行评审（即发表后同行评审）的网站。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Open Peer Review"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "PubPeer. (n.d.). PubPeer—Search publications and join the conversation. Pubpeer. https://www.pubpeer.com/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud ELsherif"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/glossary/chinese/python.md b/content/glossary/chinese/python.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..81afc1c1581
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/glossary/chinese/python.md
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "Python",
+ "sort_key": "python",
+ "definition": "Python是一种解释型通用编程语言，设计上追求用户友好性与代码可读性，由Guido van Rossum于1991年首次推出。Python拥有丰富多样的功能库，支持从数据分析到实验设计等各种任务，并配有可获取的文档，是数据科学、机器学习和网络开发领域中广受欢迎的一种编程语言。类似于R Markdown，Python可通过Jupyter notebook这一在线交互式平台，将代码、数据与文本结合在一起。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Jupyter",
+ "Matplotlib",
+ "NumPy",
+ "OpenSesame",
+ "PsychoPy",
+ "R"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Lutz, M. (2001). Programming Python. O’Reilly Media, Inc."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Shannon Francis"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "James E. Bartlett",
+ "Alexander Hart",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Dominik Kiersz",
+ "Graham Reid",
+ "Andrew J. Stewart"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/p\345\200\274.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/p\345\200\274.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..73508ed674e
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/p\345\200\274.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "p值 [p-value]",
+ "sort_key": "pzhi",
+ "definition": "p值是零假设显著性检验（Null Hypothesis Significance Testing，简称NHST）中，用于评估检验结果是否显著的关键统计量。它指的是在零假设成立的情况下，观察到某种效应或更极端效应的可能性（Lakens, 2021b）。美国统计协会声明（Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016）指出，p值不能作为零假设真假的指标，并将其定义为：“通俗地来说，p值是指定统计模型中，数据的某个统计量（如两个比较组的样本均值差）等于或比其观测值更极端的概率”（p. 131）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Null Hypothesis Statistical Testing (NHST)",
+ "statistical significance"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "psyTeachR Team. (n.d.). P | Glossary. psyTeachR. https://psyteachr.github.io/glossary",
+ "Lakens, D. (2021). The Practical Alternative to the p Value Is the Correctly Used p Value. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 16(3), 639–648. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620958012",
+ "Wasserstein, R. L., & Lazar, N. A. (2016). The ASA Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose. The American Statistician, 70, 129–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2016.1154108"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Alaa AlDoh; Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Suzanne L. K. Stewart",
+ "Robbie C.M. van Aert",
+ "Marcel A.L.M. van Assen",
+ "Martin Vasilev"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/p\345\200\274\346\223\215\347\272\265.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/p\345\200\274\346\223\215\347\272\265.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8ced19ba406
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/p\345\200\274\346\223\215\347\272\265.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "p值操纵 [p-hacking]",
+ "sort_key": "pzhicaozong",
+ "definition": "p值操纵是指利用某些技术手段，人为提高研究结果达到统计学显著性标准（通常为α = .05）的可能性。比如，通过多次分析后只报告p < .05的结果，选择性地删除数据直到p < .05，或者仅基于统计显著性选择用于分析的变量。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Analytic flexibility",
+ "Fishing",
+ "Garden of forking paths",
+ "HARKing",
+ "Questionable Research Practices or Questionable Reporting Practices (QRPs)",
+ "Selective reporting"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Hardwicke, T. E., Jameel, L., Jones, M., Walczak, E. J., & Weinberg, L. M. (2014). Only human: Scientists, systems, and suspect statistics. Opticon1826, 16, 25. https://doi.org/10.5334/OPT.CH",
+ "Neuroskeptic. (2012). The nine circles of scientific hell. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(6), 643–644. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612459519"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Tamara Kalandadze",
+ "William Ngiam",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Martin Vasilev"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/glossary/chinese/r.md b/content/glossary/chinese/r.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ff838061d2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/glossary/chinese/r.md
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "R",
+ "sort_key": "r",
+ "definition": "R是一种免费开源的编程语言和软件环境，可用于统计分析和数据可视化，由奥克兰大学的Ross Ihaka和Robert Gentleman开发。R支持研究者共享可重复的分析脚本，从而提高研究透明度。研究者常会配合集成开发环境（integrated development environment，简称IDE）使用R，例如RStudio、Visual Studio Code或Tinn-R，以简化操作。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Open-source",
+ "Statistical analysis"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "R Project for Statistical Computing. (n.d.). R: The R Project for Statistical Computing. R Project. https://www.r-project.org/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Lisa Spitzer"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Bradley Baker",
+ "Alexander Hart",
+ "Joanne McCuaig",
+ "Andrew J. Stewart"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/replicats\351\241\271\347\233\256.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/replicats\351\241\271\347\233\256.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e77720df099
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/replicats\351\241\271\347\233\256.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "RepliCATs项目 [RepliCATs project]",
+ "sort_key": "replicatsxiangmu",
+ "definition": "CATs（Collaborative Assessment for Trustworthy Science）项目是指对值得信赖的科学的协作评估。RepliCATs 项目的目标是通过众包方式预测已发表研究的可靠性和可重复性，该项目主要关注8个社会科学领域，包括商业研究、犯罪学、经济学、教育学、政治学、心理学、公共管理和社会学。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Replicability",
+ "Trustworthiness"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Fraser, H., Bush, M., Wintle, B., Mody, F., Smith, E., Hanea, A., & others. (2021). Predicting reliability through structured expert elicitation with repliCATS (Collaborative Assessments for Trustworthy Science)."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Tamara Kalandadze"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Sarah Ashcroft-Jones",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Gilad Feldman",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/glossary/chinese/reproducibilitea.md b/content/glossary/chinese/reproducibilitea.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..574d197e18e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/glossary/chinese/reproducibilitea.md
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "ReproducibiliTea",
+ "sort_key": "reproducibilitea",
+ "definition": "ReproducibiliTea 是一项旨在帮助研究人员在大学中建立本地期刊俱乐部的基层倡议，以讨论开放研究和学术相关的广泛议题。每次会议通常围绕一篇特定论文展开，讨论内容可能涵盖可重复性、研究实践、研究质量、社会正义与包容性，以及改进科学的创新思路。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Grassroots initiative",
+ "Journal club",
+ "Open science",
+ "Reproducibility"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Orben, A. (2019). A journal club to fix science. Nature, 573(7775), 465–466. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-02842-8"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Emma Norris"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Gilad Feldman",
+ "Connor Keating",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/riot\347\247\221\345\255\246\344\277\261\344\271\220\351\203\250.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/riot\347\247\221\345\255\246\344\277\261\344\271\220\351\203\250.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..06964b8b4f2
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/riot\347\247\221\345\255\246\344\277\261\344\271\220\351\203\250.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "RIOT科学俱乐部 [RIOT Science Club]",
+ "sort_key": "riotkexuejulebu",
+ "definition": "RIOT科学俱乐部是一个多地举办的系列研讨会，旨在提升对可重复、可解释、开放和透明科学实践的认知，并提供培训。它定期提供讲座、研讨会和会议，所有这些内容均公开可用，并可在相关网站和Youtube上重播观看。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Early career researchers (ECRs)",
+ "Interpretability",
+ "Openness",
+ "Reproducibility",
+ "Transparency"
+ ],
+ "references": [],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Tamara Kalandadze"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Emma Henderson",
+ "Joanne McCuaig",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/glossary/chinese/sherpa_romeo.md b/content/glossary/chinese/sherpa_romeo.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..80da78990ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/glossary/chinese/sherpa_romeo.md
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "Sherpa Romeo",
+ "sort_key": "sherpa romeo",
+ "definition": "Sherpa Romeo是一个在线平台，汇总并展示全球出版商的开放获取政策，提供各期刊在版权与开放获取存档政策方面的概览信息。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Embargo period",
+ "Open access",
+ "Paywall",
+ "Preprint",
+ "Repository"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Anon. (n.d.). Welcome to Sherpa Romeo - v2.sherpa. Retrieved from https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Aleksandra Lazić"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Christopher Graham",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Martin Vasilev"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/glossary/chinese/strange.md b/content/glossary/chinese/strange.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9238d5849e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/glossary/chinese/strange.md
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "STRANGE",
+ "sort_key": "strange",
+ "definition": "STRANGE“框架”是一套旨在帮助动物行为研究人员在规划、执行和解释动物研究时，考量抽样偏差的提案及系列问题。STRANGE是一个缩写词，揭示了动物研究中抽样偏差的潜在来源，例如动物的社会背景（Social background）、可捕获性与自主选择性（Trappability and self-selection）、饲养史（Rearing history）、适应性与习惯化（Acclimation and habituation）、反应能力的自然波动（Natural changes in responsiveness）、遗传背景（Genetic make-up）以及个体经历（Experience）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Bias",
+ "Constraints on Generality (COG)",
+ "Populations",
+ "Sampling bias",
+ "WEIRD"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Webster, M. M., & Rutz, C. (2020). How STRANGE are your study animals? Nature, 582, 337–340. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-01751-5"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ben Farrar",
+ "Zoe Flack",
+ "Elias Garcia-Pelegrin",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Graham Reid"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/glossary/chinese/studyswap.md b/content/glossary/chinese/studyswap.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bd63a18c4b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/glossary/chinese/studyswap.md
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "StudySwap",
+ "sort_key": "studyswap",
+ "definition": "StudySwap 是一个免费在线平台，研究人员可以在此发布他们拥有且愿意共享的研究项目或资源信息，或寻求其他研究者可能提供的项目或资源。StudySwap 作为一种众包研究机制，既能减少研究资源的闲置，又能帮助更多研究者获取所需资源。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Collaboration",
+ "Crowdsourcing",
+ "Team science"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Chartier, C. R., Riegelman, A., & McCarthy, R. J. (2018). StudySwap: A platform for interlab replication, collaboration, and resource exchange. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(4), 574–579. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918808767"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Emma Henderson",
+ "Graham Reid"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/s\347\261\273\351\224\231\350\257\257.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/s\347\261\273\351\224\231\350\257\257.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b7734789df8
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/s\347\261\273\351\224\231\350\257\257.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "S类错误 [Type S error]",
+ "sort_key": "sleicuowu",
+ "definition": "S类错误指研究者对效应方向的误判：认为观察效应与实际效应方向相反（例如，将正向效应误判为负向）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Statistical power",
+ "Type M error",
+ "Type I error",
+ "Type II error"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Gelman, A., & Carlin, J. (2014). Beyond Power Calculations: Assessing Type S (Sign) and Type M (Magnitude) Errors. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9(6), 641–651. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614551642",
+ "Lu, J., Qiu, Y., & Deng, A. (2018). A note on Type S/M errors in hypothesis testing. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 72(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/bmsp.12132"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Eduardo Garcia-Garzon"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Graham Reid",
+ "Mirela Zaneva"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/s\350\256\241\345\210\222.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/s\350\256\241\345\210\222.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..def2b88fd5f
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/s\350\256\241\345\210\222.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "S计划 [Plan S]",
+ "sort_key": "sjihua",
+ "definition": "S 计划是由研究资助机构联盟 cOAlition S 于2018年9月发起的一项倡议，旨在加速实现全面、即时的开放获取。从2021年起，参与该计划的资助机构要求受资助者将研究成果发表在符合要求的开放获取期刊或平台上，或存入开放获取存储库使其公开、可即时获取。cOAlition S 的资助机构承诺，不会为订阅期刊中的“混合”开放获取的出版费用提供资金支持。然而，作者可以通过按照“转型方案”在订阅期刊中发表开放获取文章来遵守S计划（具体细节详见实施指南）。S 计划中的 “S” 喻指“冲击（shock）” 。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Open Access",
+ "DORA",
+ "Repository"
+ ],
+ "references": [],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Olmo van den Akker"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Halil E. Kocalar",
+ "Birgit Schmidt"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/glossary/chinese/tenzing.md b/content/glossary/chinese/tenzing.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4041712088c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/glossary/chinese/tenzing.md
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "Tenzing",
+ "sort_key": "tenzing",
+ "definition": "Tenzing是一个在线应用程序和R包，可以帮助研究人员使用CRediT分类法高效追踪和报告研究团队成员的贡献。团队成员可通过在线电子表格模板勾选其在各CRediT角色中的贡献，并提供姓名、单位、作者排序、邮箱和ORCID iD等信息。在撰写稿件时，Tenzing能自动生成每个CRediT角色的贡献者名单，便于写入稿件的贡献部分，并生成标题页。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Authorship",
+ "Consortium authorship",
+ "Contributions",
+ "CRediT"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Holcombe, A. O., Kovacs, M., Aust, F., & Aczel, B. (2020). Documenting contributions to scholarly articles using CRediT and tenzing. Plos One, 15(12), e0244611."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Marton Kovacs"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Balazs Aczel",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Graham Reid",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/trust\345\216\237\345\210\231.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/trust\345\216\237\345\210\231.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..aab56719bef
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/trust\345\216\237\345\210\231.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "TRUST原则 [TRUST Principles]",
+ "sort_key": "trustyuanze",
+ "definition": "TRUST原则是一套评估、开发和维护数字数据存储库（尤指研究数据存储库）可信度的指导原则，强调透明度（Transparency）、责任（Responsibility）、用户中心（User focus）、可持续性（Sustainability）和技术（Technology）5项核心要素。该原则对FAIR数据原则形成补充。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "FAIR principles",
+ "Metadata",
+ "Open Access",
+ "Open Data",
+ "Open Material",
+ "Repository"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Lin, D., Crabtree, J., Dillo, I., Downs, R. R., Edmunds, R., Giaretta, D., De Giusti, M., L’Hours, H., Hugo, W., Jenkyns, R., Khodiyar, V., Martone, M. E., Mokrane, M., Navale, V., Petters, J., Sierman, B., Sokolova, D. V., Stockhause, M., & Westbrook, J. (2020). The TRUST Principles for digital repositories. Scientific Data, 7(1), 144. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0486-7"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Aleksandra Lazić"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Sam Parsons"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/glossary/chinese/zenodo.md b/content/glossary/chinese/zenodo.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f7f4f32d296
--- /dev/null
+++ b/content/glossary/chinese/zenodo.md
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "Zenodo",
+ "sort_key": "zenodo",
+ "definition": "Zenodo是一个开放科学资料库，研究人员可在其中存放论文、报告、数据集、研究软件等各种与研究相关的数字资料。Zenodo为每份提交内容分配一个持久的 DOI（数字对象标识符），确保其可被引用。该平台由欧洲OpenAIRE开发，并由CERN运营。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "DOI (digital object identifier)",
+ "figshare",
+ "Open data",
+ "Open Science Framework",
+ "Preprint"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Zenodo. (n.d.). Zenodo—Research. Shared. https://www.zenodo.org/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/z\346\233\262\347\272\277.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/z\346\233\262\347\272\277.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..534b1d1b1dc
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/z\346\233\262\347\272\277.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "Z曲线 [Z-Curve]",
+ "sort_key": "zquxian",
+ "definition": "Z分数计算是一种统计方法，主要用于估算一组研究报告的“估计重复率”（Estimated Replication Rate，简称ERR）和“预期发现率”（Expected Discovery Rate，简称EDR）。对于一组具有统计显著性的研究，其Z曲线计算过程包括：将报告的p值转换为Z分数，将有限混合模型拟合到这些Z分数的分布上，并基于该混合模型估算平均统计功效。该计算可通过R语言的一个专用包zcurve实现（https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/zcurve/index.html）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Altmetrics",
+ "File drawer ratio",
+ "P-curve",
+ "P-hacking",
+ "Replication",
+ "Statistical power"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Bartoš, F., & Schimmack, U. (2020). Z-Curve 2.0: Estimating replication rates and discovery rates. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/urgtn",
+ "Brunner, J., & Schimmack, U. (2020). Estimating population mean power under conditions of heterogeneity and selection for significance. Meta-Psychology, 4, MP.2018.874. https://doi.org/10.15626/MP.2018.874"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Bradley J. Baker"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Kamil Izydorczak",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Mirela Zaneva"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\344\270\200\347\261\273\351\224\231\350\257\257.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\270\200\347\261\273\351\224\231\350\257\257.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1316825f232
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\270\200\347\261\273\351\224\231\350\257\257.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "一类错误 [Type I error]",
+ "sort_key": "yileicuowu",
+ "definition": "一类错误指“错误地拒绝零假设”（Simmons et al., 2011, p. 1359），即当证据支持保留“无效应”的零假设时，却错误地拒绝了它（例如，法官误判无辜者有罪）。此时，观察到的显著效应实属偶然，却被当作真实效应并据此拒绝了零假设。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Frequentist statistics",
+ "Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST)",
+ "Null Result",
+ "*P* value",
+ "Questionable Research Practices or Questionable Reporting Practices (QRPs)",
+ "Reproducibility crisis (aka Replicability or replication crisis)",
+ "Scientific integrity",
+ "Statistical power",
+ "True positive result",
+ "Type II error"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Simmons, J. P., Nelson, L. D., & Simonsohn, U. (2011). False-positive psychology: Undisclosed flexibility in data collection and analysis allows presenting anything as significant. Psychological Science, 22(11), 1359–1366. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611417632"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Lisa Spitzer"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Adrien Fillon",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Matt Jaquiery",
+ "Mariella Paul",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Graham Reid",
+ "Olly Robertson",
+ "Mirela Zaneva"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\344\270\211\345\244\247\351\232\220\346\202\243.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\270\211\345\244\247\351\232\220\346\202\243.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1b1c78ab710
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\270\211\345\244\247\351\232\220\346\202\243.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "三大隐患 [The Troubling Trio]",
+ "sort_key": "sandayinhuan",
+ "definition": "三大隐患指统计功效不足、结果令人意外以及p值仅略低于0.05的现象。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Replication",
+ "Reproducibility",
+ "Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST)",
+ "*P*\\-hacking",
+ "Questionable Research Practices or Questionable Reporting Practices (QRPs)"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Lindsay, D. S. (2015). Replication in Psychological Science . Psychological Science, 26(12), 1827–1832. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797615616374"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Halil Emre Kocalar"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "",
+ "Catia M. Oliveira",
+ "Adam Parker",
+ "Sam Parsons;Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\344\270\211\347\233\262\345\220\214\350\241\214\350\257\204\345\256\241.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\270\211\347\233\262\345\220\214\350\241\214\350\257\204\345\256\241.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8b0b0e0cd29
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\270\211\347\233\262\345\220\214\350\241\214\350\257\204\345\256\241.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "三盲同行评审 [Triple-blind peer review]",
+ "sort_key": "sanmangtonghangpingshen",
+ "definition": "三盲同行评审指在专家评审阶段，作者信息对审稿人和编辑均匿名。“编辑和审稿人无从知晓作者身份及其所属机构，以此消除机构、个人及性别偏见”（Tvina et al., 2019, p. 1082）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Double-blind peer review",
+ "Open Peer Review",
+ "Single-blind peer review"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Largent, E. A., & Snodgrass, R. T. (2016). Blind peer review by academic journals. In C. T. Robertson & A. S. Kesselheim (Eds.), Blinding as a solution to bias: Strengthening biomedical science, forensic science, and law (pp. 75–95). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802460-7.00005-X",
+ "Tvina, A., Spellecy, R., & Palatnik, A. (2019). Bias in the peer review process: can we do better? Obstetrics & Gynecology, 133(6), 1081–1083. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003260"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Bradley Baker",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Christopher Graham"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\344\270\215\345\275\223\346\265\213\351\207\217\350\241\214\344\270\272.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\270\215\345\275\223\346\265\213\351\207\217\350\241\214\344\270\272.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f78dc5ebe5d
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\270\215\345\275\223\346\265\213\351\207\217\350\241\214\344\270\272.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "不当测量行为 [Questionable Measurement Practices (QMP)]",
+ "sort_key": "budangceliangxingwei",
+ "definition": "不当测量行为（Questionable Measurement Practices，简称QMP）是指研究者作出的、导致研究测量效度乃至最终结论有效性遭受质疑的一系列决策（Flake & Fried, 2020）。这些问题源于测量实践的报告缺乏透明度、忽视构建效度、疏忽大意、无知或故意歪曲。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Construct validity",
+ "Measurement schmeasurement",
+ "*P*\\-hacking",
+ "Psychometrics",
+ "Questionable Research Practices or Questionable Reporting Practices (QRPs)",
+ "Validity"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Flake, J. K., & Fried, E. I. (2020). Measurement schmeasurement: Questionable measurement practices and how to avoid them. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 3(4), 456–465. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245920952393"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Halil Emre Kocalar"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Annalise A. LaPlume",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Mirela Zaneva",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\344\270\215\345\275\223\347\240\224\347\251\266\350\241\214\344\270\272\346\210\226\344\270\215\345\275\223\346\212\245\345\221\212\350\241\214\344\270\272.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\270\215\345\275\223\347\240\224\347\251\266\350\241\214\344\270\272\346\210\226\344\270\215\345\275\223\346\212\245\345\221\212\350\241\214\344\270\272.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6af24eec81f
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\270\215\345\275\223\347\240\224\347\251\266\350\241\214\344\270\272\346\210\226\344\270\215\345\275\223\346\212\245\345\221\212\350\241\214\344\270\272.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "不当研究行为或不当报告行为 [Questionable Research Practices or Questionable Reporting Practices (QRPs)]",
+ "sort_key": "budangyanjiuxingweihuobudangbaogaoxingwei",
+ "definition": "不当研究行为或报告不当行为（Questionable Research Practices or Questionable Reporting Practices，简称QRPs）指有意或无意地歪曲数据以支持研究者假设，或隐瞒此类行为的一系列行动，包括选择性纳入数据、结果已知后假设（hypothesising after the results are known，简称HARKing）、p值操纵等。该概念由John等（2012）推广。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Creative use of outliers",
+ "Fabrication",
+ "File-drawer",
+ "Garden of forking paths",
+ "HARKing",
+ "Nonpublication of data",
+ "*P*\\-hacking",
+ "*P*\\-value fishing",
+ "Partial publication of data",
+ "Post-hoc storytelling",
+ "Preregistration",
+ "Questionable Measurement Practices (QMP)",
+ "Researcher degrees of freedom",
+ "Reverse *p*\\-hacking",
+ "Salami slicing"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Banks, G. C., Rogelberg, S. G., Woznyj, H. M., Landis, R. S., & Rupp, D. E. (2016). Editorial: Evidence on questionable research practices: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Journal of Business and Psychology, 31(3), 323–338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-016-9456-7",
+ "Fiedler, K., & Schwarz, N. (2016). Questionable research practices revisited. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 7(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550615612150",
+ "Hardwicke, T. E., Jameel, L., Jones, M., Walczak, E. J., & Weinberg, L. M. (2014). Only human: Scientists, systems, and suspect statistics. Opticon1826, 16, 25. https://doi.org/10.5334/OPT.CH",
+ "John, L. K., Loewenstein, G., & Prelec, D. (2012). Measuring the prevalence of questionable research practices with incentives for truth telling. Psychological Science, 23(5), 524–532. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611430953",
+ "Neuroskeptic. (2012). The nine circles of scientific hell. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(6), 643–644. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612459519",
+ "Sijtsma, K. (2016). Playing with data—Or how to discourage questionable research practices and stimulate researchers to do things right. Psychometrika, 81(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-015-9446-0"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Tamara Kalandadze",
+ "William Ngiam",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Mariella Paul",
+ "Eike Mark Rinke",
+ "Timo Roettger",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\344\272\213\345\220\216.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\272\213\345\220\216.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2a3284cba46
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\272\213\345\220\216.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "事后 [Post Hoc]",
+ "sort_key": "shihou",
+ "definition": "Post Hoc 这个词借用于拉丁语，意指“在此之后”。在统计学中，事后（或事后分析）是指对数据分析前未预设的假设进行检验。在频率主义统计学中，分析程序会因假设是预先设定还是事后提出而有所不同（例如，通过采用更严格的误差控制）。相比之下，贝叶斯统计与似然估计方法则不会因假设提出的时间点不同而改变分析方式。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "A priori, Ad hoc",
+ "HARKing",
+ "P-hacking"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Dienes, Z. (2008). Understanding psychology as a science: An introduction to scientific and statistical inference. Macmillan International Higher Education."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Alaa Aldoh"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Bethan Iley",
+ "Halil E. Kocalar",
+ "Graham Reid",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\344\272\214\347\261\273\351\224\231\350\257\257.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\272\214\347\261\273\351\224\231\350\257\257.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..933149d6e32
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\272\214\347\261\273\351\224\231\350\257\257.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "二类错误 [Type II error]",
+ "sort_key": "erleicuowu",
+ "definition": "二类错误，即假阴性结果，是指备择假设在总体中成立，但分析中错误地接受零假设的情况（Hartgerink et al., 2017）。换言之，真实效应存在却得出统计不显著的结果（例如，法官误判罪犯无罪）。相较于阳性结果，假阴性研究更少被重复验证（Fiedler et al., 2012），至今仍是科学研究的一个未解决的问题（Hartgerink et al., 2017）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Effect size",
+ "Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST)",
+ "Questionable Research Practices or Questionable Reporting Practices (QRPs)",
+ "Reproducibility crisis (aka Replicability or replication crisis)",
+ "Scientific integrity",
+ "Statistical power",
+ "True positive result",
+ "Type I error"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Fiedler, K., Kutzner, F., & Krueger, J. I. (2012). The long way from α-error control to validity proper: Problems with a short-sighted false-positive debate. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(6), 661–669. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612462587",
+ "Hartgerink, C. H., Wicherts, J. M., & Van Assen, M. A. L. M. (2017). Too good to be false: Nonsignificant results revisited. Collabra: Psychology, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.71"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Olly Robertson"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\344\272\244\344\272\222\350\260\254\350\257\257.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\272\244\344\272\222\350\260\254\350\257\257.md"
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\272\244\344\272\222\350\260\254\350\257\257.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "交互谬误 [Interaction Fallacy]",
+ "sort_key": "jiaohumiuwu",
+ "definition": "交互谬误是一种统计错误，指未经过正式检验就判定一个显著的相关与一个不显著的相关（或其他指标，例如优势比）之间存在差异。当研究者假定一个显著的相关系数与一个不显著的相关系数之间存在统计学上的显著差异，却未对这一比较进行明确统计检验时，就会出现此类错误。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Comparison of Correlations",
+ "Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST)",
+ "Statistical Validity",
+ "Type I error",
+ "Type II error"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Gelman, A., & Stern, H. (2006). The difference between “significant” and “not significant” is not itself statistically significant. The American Statistician, 60(4), 328–331. https://doi.org/10.1198/000313006X152649",
+ "Morabia, A., Have, T. T., & Landis, J. R. (1997). Interaction Fallacy. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 50(7), 809–812. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0895-4356(97)00053-X",
+ "Nieuwenhuis, S., Forstmann, B. U., & Wagenmakers, E. J. (2011). Erroneous analyses of interactions in neuroscience: a problem of significance. Nature Neuroscience, 14(9), 1105–1107. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.2886"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Graham Reid"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Kai Krautter",
+ "Sam Parsons"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\344\272\244\345\217\211\346\200\247.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\272\244\345\217\211\346\200\247.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e31ca5ea84a
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\272\244\345\217\211\346\200\247.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "交叉性 [Intersectionality]",
+ "sort_key": "jiaochaxing",
+ "definition": "交叉性这一术语源自黑人女权主义思想，描述了社会身份如何存在于“相互交织的压迫系统“与（不）平等结构中（Crenshaw, 1989）。交叉性提供了一个视角，用于揭示多种形式的不平等如何共同作用、相互叠加或加剧。它指出多重并存的身份可能产生乘法效应，而非各组成部分的简单相加。这一视角启示，不能孤立研究单一因素（例如，种族、性取向、阶级），而需综合考虑相互重叠的多重身份。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Bropenscience",
+ "Diversity",
+ "Inclusion",
+ "Interlocking",
+ "Open Science"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Crenshaw, K. W. (1989). Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine. University of Chicago Legal Forum, 1989(8), 139–168.",
+ "Grzanka, P. R. (2020). From buzzword to critical psychology: An invitation to take intersectionality seriously. Women & Therapy, 43(3–4), 244–261.",
+ "Ledgerwood, A., Hudson, S. T. J., Lewis, Jr., N. A., Maddox, K. B., Pickett, C., Remedios, J. D., & Wilkins, C. L. (2021). The Pandemic as a Portal: Reimagining Psychological Science as Truly Open and Inclusive. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gdzue"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Madeleine Pownall"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie",
+ "Bradley Baker",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Wanyin Li",
+ "Ryan Millager",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\344\272\272\350\272\253\345\201\217\350\247\201.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\272\272\350\272\253\345\201\217\350\247\201.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6115537c02d
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\272\272\350\272\253\345\201\217\350\247\201.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "人身偏见 [Ad hominem bias]",
+ "sort_key": "renshenpianjian",
+ "definition": "源自拉丁语，意为“针对个人”，指对某个论点或研究工作的评价受到提出者个人特征而非论点本身的影响。人身偏见可能是负面的，例如对竞争对手或个人方案对象的研究工作进行比其实际质量更苛刻的批评；也可能是正面的，例如对朋友的研究工作给予过分好评。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Peer review"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Barnes, R. M., Johnston, H. M., MacKenzie, N., Tobin, S. J., & Taglang, C. M. (2018). The effect of ad hominem attacks on the evaluation of claims promoted by scientists. PloS One, 13(1), e0192025. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192025",
+ "Tvina, A., Spellecy, R., & Palatnik, A. (2019). Bias in the peer review process: can we do better? Obstetrics & Gynecology, 133(6), 1081–1083. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003260"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Bradley Baker",
+ "Filip Dechterenko",
+ "Bethan Iley",
+ "Madeleine Ingham",
+ "Graham Reid"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\344\273\216\345\261\236\345\201\217\350\247\201.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\273\216\345\261\236\345\201\217\350\247\201.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..865a2bef07a
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\273\216\345\261\236\345\201\217\350\247\201.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "从属偏见 [Affiliation bias]",
+ "sort_key": "congshupianjian",
+ "definition": "当个人对研究质量的评判受到作者所属机构的影响时会产生这种偏见。在发表手稿时，从属偏见的一个潜在例子是编辑往往更倾向于发表来自知名机构的研究工作（Tvina et al., 2019）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Peer review"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Tvina, A., Spellecy, R., & Palatnik, A. (2019). Bias in the peer review process: can we do better? Obstetrics & Gynecology, 133(6), 1081–1083. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003260"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Christopher Graham",
+ "Madeleine Ingham",
+ "Adam Parker",
+ "Graham Reid"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\344\273\230\350\264\271\345\242\231.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\273\230\350\264\271\345\242\231.md"
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\273\230\350\264\271\345\242\231.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "付费墙 [Paywall]",
+ "sort_key": "fufeiqiang",
+ "definition": "这是一道技术壁垒，只有个人或组织支付指定费用或订阅后才能获取信息。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Accessibility",
+ "Open Access"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Day, S., Rennie, S., Luo, D., & Tucker, J. D. (2020). Open to the public: Paywalls and the public rationale for open access medical research publishing. Research Involvement and Engagement, 6(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40900-020-0182-y"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Bradley Baker"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Julia Wolska"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\344\273\243\347\240\201\345\256\241\346\237\245.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\273\243\347\240\201\345\256\241\346\237\245.md"
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index 00000000000..9873ba9c616
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\273\243\347\240\201\345\256\241\346\237\245.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "代码审查 [Code review]",
+ "sort_key": "daimashencha",
+ "definition": "审查其他研究人员的编程内容（尤其是计算机源代码）的过程，包括但不限于统计代码和数据建模代码。代码审查的目的是发现并解决错误，从而提升代码质量。在实践中，现代的同行评审过程可通过GitHub、GitLab或SourceForge等在线存储库进行。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Reproducibility",
+ "Version control"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Petre, M., & Wilson, G. (2014). Code review for and by scientists. arXiv Preprint arXiv:1407.5648. https://arxiv.org/abs/1407.5648",
+ "Scopatz, A. M., & Huff, K. D. (2015). Effective Computation in Physics: Field Guide to Research with Python (1st ed.). O’Reilly Media. http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920033424.do"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Filip Dechterenko"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie",
+ "Dominik Kiersz",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
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diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\344\273\243\350\241\250\346\200\247\344\270\215\350\266\263.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\273\243\350\241\250\346\200\247\344\270\215\350\266\263.md"
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\273\243\350\241\250\346\200\247\344\270\215\350\266\263.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "代表性不足 [Under-representation]",
+ "sort_key": "daibiaoxingbuzu",
+ "definition": "代表性不足指并非所有群体成员的声音、观点都能得到充分代表的现象。当某一群体主导话语权而其他群体被边缘化时即形成此现象，受影响的通常是基于某些个人特征而处于少数地位的群体。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Equity",
+ "Fairness",
+ "Inequality",
+ "WEIRD"
+ ],
+ "references": [],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Madeleine Pownall"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Bethan Iley",
+ "Adam Parker",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington, Mirela Zaneva"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
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diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\344\274\227\345\214\205\347\240\224\347\251\266.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\274\227\345\214\205\347\240\224\347\251\266.md"
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index 00000000000..9c2b77cadee
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\274\227\345\214\205\347\240\224\347\251\266.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "众包研究 [Crowdsourced Research]",
+ "sort_key": "zhongbaoyanjiu",
+ "definition": "众包研究是一种科研组织模式，通过大规模合作的方式开展，让多个团队以独立而协调的方式进行一个或多个研究项目。众包研究旨在通过整合资源、提升透明度和包容性来提升效率和可扩展性，并通过增强统计效力和促进相互的社会审查来提高研究的严谨性、可靠性和可信度。这种模式与传统由个人或小型研究团队独立开展（“小科研”）的学术研究模式不同。众包研究的典型范例包括：“多实验室重复性研究”（Klein et al., 2018）、“多分析师同数据集研究”（Silberzahn et al., 2018）、分布式协作网络（Moshontz et al., 2018），以及大规模开放在线论文（MOOPs）等开放式协作写作项目（Himmelstein et al., 2019; Tennant et al., 2019）。另外，众包研究也可指通过Amazon Mechanical Turk或Prolific等在线劳动力市场雇用大量研究“众包工作者”进行数据收集，如进行内容分析（Benoit et al., 2016; Lind et al., 2017）或实验研究（Peer et al., 2017）。那些通过开放参与以及共享中间产出而实现开放的众包研究，被称为众包科学（Franzoni & Sauermann, 2014）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Citizen science",
+ "Collaboration",
+ "Crowdsourcing",
+ "Team science"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Benoit, K., Conway, D., Lauderdale, B. E., Laver, M., & Mikhaylov, S. (2016). Crowd-sourced text analysis: Reproducible and agile production of political data. American Political Science Review, 110(2), 278–295. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055416000058",
+ "Breznau, N. (2021). I saw you in the crowd: Credibility, reproducibility, and meta-utility. PS: Political Science & Politics, 54(2), 309–313. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096520000980",
+ "Franzoni, C., & Sauermann, H. (2014). Crowd science: The organization of scientific research in open collaborative projects. Research Policy, 43(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2013.07.005",
+ "Himmelstein, D. S., Rubinetti, V., Slochower, D. R., Hu, D., Malladi, V. S., Greene, C. S., & Gitter, A. (2019). Open collaborative writing with Manubot. PLOS Computational Biology, 15(6), e1007128. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007128",
+ "Klein, R. A., Vianello, M., Hasselman, F., Adams, B. G., Adams, R. B., Alper, S., & … Nosek, B. A. (2018). Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(4), 443–490. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918810225",
+ "Lind, F., Gruber, M., & Boomgaarden, H. G. (2017). Content analysis by the crowd: Assessing the usability of crowdsourcing for coding latent constructs. Communication Methods and Measures, 11(3), 191–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312458.2017.1317338",
+ "Moshontz, H., Campbell, L., Ebersole, C. R., IJzerman, H., Urry, H. L., Forscher, P. S., & Chartier, C. R. (2018). The Psychological Science Accelerator: Advancing psychology through a distributed collaborative network. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(4), 501–515. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918797607",
+ "Peer, E., Brandimarte, L., Samat, S., & Acquisti, A. (2017). Beyond the Turk: Alternative platforms for crowdsourcing behavioral research. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 70, 153–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2017.01.006",
+ "Silberzahn, R., Uhlmann, E. L., Martin, D. P., Anselmi, P., Aust, F., Awtrey, E., Bahník, Š., Bai, F., Bannard, C., Bonnier, E., & others. (2018). Many Analysts, One Data Set: Making Transparent How Variations in Analytic Choices Affect Results. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 337–356. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245917747646",
+ "Stewart, N., Chandler, J., & Paolacci, G. (2017). Crowdsourcing samples in cognitive science. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 21(10), 736–748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2017.06.007",
+ "Tennant, J., Bielczyk, N. Z., Cheplygina, V., Greshake Tzovaras, B., Hartgerink, C. H. J., Havemann, J., Masuzzo, P., & Steiner, T. (2019). Ten simple rules for researchers collaborating on Massively Open Online Papers (MOOPs). MetaArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/et8ak",
+ "Uhlmann, E. L., Ebersole, C. R., Chartier, C. R., Errington, T. M., Kidwell, M. C., Lai, C. K., McCarthy, R. J., Riegelman, A., Silberzahn, R., & Nosek, B. A. (2019). Scientific utopia III: Crowdsourcing science. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 14(5), 711–733. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691619850561",
+ "Week, C. (2021). What is Crowdsourcing? https://crowdsourcingweek.com/what-is-crowdsourcing/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Eike Mark Rinke"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Suzanne L. K. Stewart",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\344\274\252\351\207\215\345\244\215.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\274\252\351\207\215\345\244\215.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "伪重复 [Pseudoreplication]",
+ "sort_key": "weichongfu",
+ "definition": "伪重复，是指数据缺乏统计独立性，导致样本量被夸大的现象（即重复测量次数）。例如，从同一实验单元（例如，参与者或农作物）中收集多个数据点。为克服此问题可以对重复测量样本取平均值（例如，计算参与者的平均反应时），或构建混合效应模型，通过随机效应结构校正伪重复（例如，将同一参与者的所有反应时归为一组）。需注意，前一种方法可能会导致信息与统计功效的损失。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Confounding",
+ "Generalizability",
+ "Replication",
+ "Validity"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Davies, G. M., & Gray, A. (2015). Don’t let spurious accusations of pseudoreplication limit our ability to learn from natural experiments (and other messy kinds of ecological monitoring). Ecology and Evolution, 5(22), 5295–5304. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1782",
+ "Hurlbert, S. H. (1984). Pseudoreplication and the Design of Ecological Field Experiments. Ecological Monographs, 54(2), 187–211. https://doi.org/10.2307/1942661",
+ "Lazic, S. E. (2019). Genuine replication and pseudoreplication: What’s the difference? In BMJ Open Science. https://blogs.bmj.com/openscience/2019/09/16/genuine-replication-and-pseudoreplication-whats-the-difference/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Ben Farrar"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Elias Garcia-Pelegrin",
+ "Annalise A. LaPlume"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
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diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\344\274\274\347\204\266\345\207\275\346\225\260.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\274\274\347\204\266\345\207\275\346\225\260.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "似然函数 [Likelihood function]",
+ "sort_key": "shiranhanshu",
+ "definition": "似然函数是频率分析和贝叶斯分析中常用的数据统计模型，通常定义到一个比例常数。似然函数表示在给定数据的分布中，不同参数的似然值。由于概率分布存在未知的总体参数，似然函数能够反映样本数据对这些参数的概括程度。因此，在给定未知总体参数值的情况下，似然函数可以评估模型与样本数据的拟合优度。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Bayes factor",
+ "Bayesian inference",
+ "Bayesian parameter estimation",
+ "Posterior distribution",
+ "Prior distribution"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Dienes, Z. (2008). Understanding psychology as a science: An introduction to scientific and statistical inference. Macmillan International Higher Education.",
+ "Hogg, D., Bovy, J., & Lang, D. (2010). Data analysis recipes: Fitting a model to data. arXiv:1008.4686 [astro-ph.IM].",
+ "Geyer, C. J. (2003). Maximum Likelihood in R (pp. 1–9). Open Science Framework.",
+ "Geyer, C. J. (2007). Stat 5102 Notes: Maximum Likelihood (pp. 1–8). Open Science Framework.",
+ "Huber, C. (2016). The Stata Blog: Introduction to Bayesian statistics, part 1: The basic concepts. In The Stata Blog. https://blog.stata.com/2016/11/01/introduction-to-bayesian-statistics-part-1-the-basic-concepts/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Alaa AlDoh"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Dominik Kiersz",
+ "Graham Reid",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\344\274\274\347\204\266\345\216\237\347\220\206.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\274\274\347\204\266\345\216\237\347\220\206.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "似然原理 [Likelihood Principle]",
+ "sort_key": "shiranyuanli",
+ "definition": "似然原理表明，数据中包含的所有与推理相关的信息都由似然提供。该原理表明，似然函数可用于比较不同参数值的合理性。虽然贝叶斯主义者和似然论者都认同似然原理，但奈曼-皮尔逊（Neyman-Pearson）理论者（频率主义者）并不认同，因为他们的显著性检验会考虑似然之外的其他信息，这就违背了似然原理。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Bayesian inference",
+ "Likelihood Function"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Dienes, Z. (2008). Understanding psychology as a science: An introduction to scientific and statistical inference. Macmillan International Higher Education.",
+ "Geyer, C. J. (2003). Maximum Likelihood in R (pp. 1–9). Open Science Framework.",
+ "Geyer, C. J. (2007). Stat 5102 Notes: Maximum Likelihood (pp. 1–8). Open Science Framework."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Alaa Aldoh"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\344\275\234\350\200\205\347\275\262\345\220\215.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\275\234\350\200\205\347\275\262\345\220\215.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "作者署名 [Authorship]",
+ "sort_key": "zuozheshuming",
+ "definition": "作者署名既代表了对研究成果（如手稿、数据和软件）的贡献认可，也意味着对内容的责任承担（McNutt et al., 2018; Patience et al., 2019）。 不同学科、文化和研究团队在以下方面的惯例可能存在差异：如哪些工作可获得作者署名的资格、作者顺序的含义（如有）、通讯作者所承担的责任范围，以及作者对自己未直接参与的部分的责任程度等。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Co-authorship",
+ "Consortium authorship",
+ "Contributorship",
+ "CRediT",
+ "First-last-author-emphasis norm (FLAE)",
+ "Gift (or Guest) Authorship",
+ "Sequence-determines-credit approach (SDC)"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Academies, A. A. E. (2017). The European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity. Revised Edition. Retrieved from https://allea.org/code-of-conduct/",
+ "German Research Foundation. (2019). Guidelines for Safeguarding Good Research Practice. Code of Conduct.",
+ "McNutt, M. K., Bradford, M., Drazen, J. M., Hanson, B., Howard, B., Jamieson, K. H., Kiermer, V., Marcus, E., Pope, B. K., Schekman, R., Swaminathan, S., Stang, P. J., & Verma, I. M. (2018). Transparency in authors’ contributions and responsibilities to promote integrity in scientific publication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115(11), 2557–2560. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1715374115",
+ "Patience, G. S., Galli, F., Patience, P. A., & Boffito, D. C. (2019). Intellectual contributions meriting authorship: Survey results from the top cited authors across all science categories. PLoS One, 14(1), e0198117. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198117"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Jacob Miranda"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Bradley Baker",
+ "Brett J. Gall",
+ "Matt Jaquiery",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Flávio Azevedo",
+ "Birgit Schmidt",
+ "Yuki Yamada"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\344\277\241\345\272\246.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\277\241\345\272\246.md"
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+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\344\277\241\345\272\246.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "信度 [Reliability]",
+ "sort_key": "xindu",
+ "definition": "信度是指重复测量获得相同结果的程度。在心理测量学中，信度是指参与者多次填写同一份问卷所得分数的一致性程度。需要注意的是，信度并不等同于效度。信度包含多种类型，除内部一致性信度外，还有重测信度、复本信度和评分者信度等。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Consistency",
+ "Internal consistency",
+ "Quality Criteria",
+ "Replicability",
+ "Reproducibility",
+ "Validity"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural Equations with Latent Variables (pp. 179–225). John Wiley & Sons.",
+ "Drost, E. A. (2011). Validity and reliability in social science research. Education Research and Perspectives, 38(1), 105–123."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Annalise A. LaPlume"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Eduardo Garcia-Garzon",
+ "Kai Krautter",
+ "Olmo van den Akker"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
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diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\201\207\345\220\215\345\214\226.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\201\207\345\220\215\345\214\226.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "假名化 [Pseudonymisation]",
+ "sort_key": "jiaminghua",
+ "definition": "假名化处理是指通过替换或删除可识别研究对象身份的信息，同时保留编码与标识符组合以实现可追溯性的技术。该流程包含三个步骤：（1）从研究数据集中删除所有直接标识符；（2）为每位参与者分配专属标识符（假名）并标记研究记录；（3）在与数据集物理隔离的独立文档中保存密以关联编码和参与者。假名化处理是伦理委员会对人类参与者研究或涉密信息研究的基本要求，以确保数据隐私保护。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Anonymity",
+ "Confidentiality",
+ "Data privacy",
+ "De-identification",
+ "Pseudonymisation",
+ "Research ethics"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Mourby, M., Mackey, E., Elliot, M., Gowans, H., Wallace, S. E., Bell, J., Smith, H., Aidinlis, S., & Kaye, J. (2018). Are ‘pseudonymised’ data always personal data? Implications of the GDPR for administrative data research in the UK. Computer Law & Security Review, 34(2), 222–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2018.01.002",
+ "Medical Research Council. (2019). Identifiability, anonymisation and pseudonymisation. Medical Research Council. https://mrc.ukri.org/documents/pdf/gdpr-guidance-note-5-identifiability-anonymisation-and-pseudonymisation/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Catia M. Oliveira"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Birgit Schmidt"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
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@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "假设 [Hypothesis]",
+ "sort_key": "jiashe",
+ "definition": "假设是指关于变量间关系的待验证命题（Glass & Hall, 2008），其提出基础可以是先前经验、科学知识、初步观察、理论和/或逻辑推理。在科学检验中，假设可分为方向性假设（例如，存在正相关关系）和非方向性假设（例如，存在相关关系）。Popper（1959）提出假设必须具有可证伪性，即必须存在证明该假设不成立的可能性。然而，基于证伪的假设检验也被认为存在模糊性，因为其依赖于假设中诸多未经检验的辅助假设。Longino （1990, 1992）提出，在生物科学领域应更重视本体异质性而非本体简单性，这意味着我们需要探究生物体之间及内部的差异性。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Auxiliary Hypothesis",
+ "Confirmatory analyses",
+ "False negative result",
+ "False positive result",
+ "Modelling",
+ "Predictions",
+ "Quantitative research",
+ "Theory",
+ "Theory building",
+ "Type I error",
+ "Type II error"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Beller, S., & Bender, A. (2017). Theory, the final frontier? A corpus-based analysis of the role of theory in psychological articles. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 951. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00951",
+ "Glass, D. J., & Hall, N. (2008). A brief history of the hypothesis. Cell, 134(3), 378–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2008.07.033",
+ "Longino, H. E. (1990). Science as Social Knowledge: Values and Objectivity in Scientific Inquiry. Princeton University Press.",
+ "Longino, H. E. (1992). Taking gender seriously in philosophy of science. PSA, 2, 333–340.",
+ "Popper, K. (1959). The logic of scientific discovery. Routledge."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Ana Barbosa Mendes"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Graham Reid",
+ "Olly Robertson"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
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diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\205\203\345\210\206\346\236\220.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\205\203\345\210\206\346\236\220.md"
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+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "元分析 [Meta-analysis]",
+ "sort_key": "yuanfenxi",
+ "definition": "元分析是一种统计方法，用以整合研究同一现象的多个研究结果。元分析方法多种多样，包括随机效应模型、固定效应模型、元回归等，均能够检验调节效应。通过汇总多个研究的数据，元分析可以提供相比单个研究更精确的现象估计（例如，治疗类型）。其结果通常以森林图的形式可视化。元分析还可以帮助检验研究结果之间的异质性。元分析通常与系统综述一起进行，同样需要系统地检索和筛选研究文献。在元分析中，出版偏倚也是常被检验的内容，通过漏斗图进行视觉呈现。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "CONSORT",
+ "Correlational Meta-Analysis",
+ "Effect size",
+ "Evidence synthesis",
+ "Non-Intervention, Reproducible, and Open Systematic Reviews (NIRO-SR)",
+ "PRISMA",
+ "Publication bias (File Drawer Problem)",
+ "STROBE",
+ "Systematic Review"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P., & Rothstein, H. R. (2011). Introduction to meta-analysis. John Wiley & Sons.",
+ "Yeung, S. K., Feldman, G., Fillon, A., Protzko, J., Elsherif, M. M., Xiao, Q., & Pickering, J. (2020). Experimental Studies Meta-Analysis Registered Report Templates. https://osf.io/ytgrp/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Martin Vasilev; Siu Kit Yeung"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Thomas Rhys Evans",
+ "Tamara Kalandadze",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Mirela Zaneva"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
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diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\205\203\346\225\260\346\215\256.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\205\203\346\225\260\346\215\256.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "元数据 [Metadata]",
+ "sort_key": "yuanshuju",
+ "definition": "一种结构化数据，用来描述和整合其他数据。元数据可以帮助研究者查找、整理和理解数据。元数据的内容包括创建者、标题、贡献者、关键词、标签等，以及用于验证和理解研究结论的其他信息，例如编码表中的数据标签、说明、样本和数据收集过程等。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Data",
+ "Open Data"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Gollwitzer, M., Abele-Brehm, A., Fiebach, C., Ramthun, R., Scheel, A. M., Schönbrodt, F. D., & Steinberg, U. (2020). Data Management and Data Sharing in Psychological Science: Revision of the DGPs Recommendations."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Matt Jaquiery"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Tina Lonsdorf",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Mirela Zaneva"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
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diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\205\203\347\247\221\345\255\246\346\210\226\345\205\203\347\240\224\347\251\266.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\205\203\347\247\221\345\255\246\346\210\226\345\205\203\347\240\224\347\251\266.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "元科学或元研究 [Meta-science or Meta-research]",
+ "sort_key": "yuankexuehuoyuanyanjiu",
+ "definition": "对科学本身进行的科学研究，旨在描述、解释、评估和/或改进科学实践。元科学通常研究科学方法、数据分析、数据报告、研究结果的可重复性与可复现性，以及激励机制。",
+ "related_terms": [],
+ "references": [
+ "Ioannidis, J. P., Fanelli, D., Dunne, D. D., & Goodman, S. N. (2015). Meta-research: Eevaluation and improvement of research methods and practices. PLoS Biology, 13(10), e1002264. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002264",
+ "Peterson, D., & Panofsky, A. (2020). Metascience as a scientific social movement. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/4dsqa"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Elizabeth Collins"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Tamara Kalandadze",
+ "Lisa Spitzer",
+ "Olmo van den Akker"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
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diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\205\210\351\252\214\345\210\206\345\270\203.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\205\210\351\252\214\345\210\206\345\270\203.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "先验分布 [Prior distribution]",
+ "sort_key": "xianyanfenbu",
+ "definition": "先验分布指研究者在纳入新证据前对统计模型参数的预设认知。“先验”以概率分布形式呈现，确定先验分布的方式多样（如基于既往研究、主观评估、或约束条件下的最大化熵等原理），通常通过贝叶斯定理与似然函数结合，最终导出后验分布。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Bayes Factor",
+ "Bayesian inference",
+ "Bayesian Parameter Estimation",
+ "Likelihood function",
+ "Posterior distribution"
+ ],
+ "references": [],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Alaa AlDoh"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Martin Vasilev"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
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@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "公众对科学的信任 [Public Trust in Science]",
+ "sort_key": "gongzhongduikexuedexinren",
+ "definition": "公众对科学的信任是指，公众对科学家为公民社会利益所创造的知识、指南与建议的信任（Hendriks et al., 2016）。这还涵盖公众对基于科学的公共卫生（例如，全民医疗、干细胞研究、联邦资助的妇女生殖权利、传染病预防、疫苗接种）、气候变化、经济政策（例如，福利、不平等和贫困控制）及其交叉领域的建议的信任。研究表明，公众对科学的信任受多种因素影响，如年龄（Anderson et al., 2012）、性别（Von Roten, 2004）、科学规范排斥（Lewandowsky & Oberauer, 2021）、政治意识形态（Azevedo & Jost, 2021; Brewer & Ley, 2012; Leiserowitz et al., 2010）、右翼威权主义和社会支配倾向（Kerr & Wilson, 2021）、教育（Bak, 2001; Hayes & Tariq, 2000）、收入（Anderson et al., 2012）、科学知识（Evans & Durant, 1995; Nisbet et al., 2002）、社交媒体使用（Huber et al., 2019）及宗教信仰（Azevedo, 2021; Brewer & Ley, 2013; Liu & Priest, 2009）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Credibility of scientific claims",
+ "Epistemic Trust"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Anderson, M. S., Ronning, E. A., Devries, R., & Martinson, B. C. (2010). Extending the Mertonian norms: Scientists’ subscription to norms of research. Journal of Higher Education, 81(3), 366–393. https://doi.org/10.1353/jhe.0.0095",
+ "Azevedo, F., & Jost, J. T. (2021). The ideological basis of antiscientific attitudes: Effects of authoritarianism, conservatism, religiosity, social dominance, and system justification. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 24(4), 518–549. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430221990104",
+ "Bak, H.-J. (2001). Education and Public Attitudes toward Science: Implications for the ‘Deficit Model’ of Education and Support for Science and Technology. Social Science Quarterly, 82(4), 779–795. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42955760",
+ "Brewer, P. R., & Ley, B. L. (2013). Whose Science Do You Believe? Explaining Trust in Sources of Scientific Information About the Environment. Science Communication, 35(1), 115–137. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547012441691",
+ "Evans, G., & Durant, J. (1995). The relationship between knowledge and attitudes in the public understanding of science in Britain. Public Understanding of Science, 4(1), 57–74. https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/4/1/004",
+ "Hayes, B. C., & Tariq, V. N. (2000). Gender differences in scientific knowledge and attitudes toward science: A comparative study of four Anglo-American nations. Public Understanding of Science, 9(4), 433–447. https://doi.org/10.1088/0963-6625/9/4/306",
+ "Hendriks, F., Kienhues, D., & Bromme, R. (2016). Trust in science and the science of trust. Trust and Communication in a Digitized World, 143–159.",
+ "Huber, B., Barnidge, M., Gil de Zúñiga, H., & Liu, J. (2019). Fostering public trust in science: The role of social media. Public Understanding of Science, 28(7), 759–777. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662519869097",
+ "Kerr, J. R., & Wilson, M. S. (2021). Right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation predict rejection of science and scientists. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 24(4), 550–567. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430221992126",
+ "Lewandowsky, S., & Oberauer, K. (2021). Worldview-motivated rejection of science and the norms of science. Cognition, 215, 104820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2021.104820",
+ "Liu, H., & Priest, S. (2009). Understanding public support for stem cell research: Media communication, interpersonal communication and trust in key actors. Public Understanding of Science, 18(6), 704–718. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662508097625",
+ "Nisbet, M. C., Scheufele, D. A., Shanahan, J., Moy, P., Brossard, D., & Lewenstein, B. V. (2002). Knowledge, Reservations, or Promise?: A Media Effects Model for Public Perceptions of Science and Technology. Communication Research, 29(5), 584–608. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365002236196",
+ "Schneider, J., Merk, S., & Rosman, T. (2019). (Re)Building Trust? Investigating the effects of open science badges on perceived trustworthiness in journal articles. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/VGBRS",
+ "Wingen, T., Berkessel, J. B., & Englich, B. (2020). No Replication, No Trust? How Low Replicability Influences Trust in Psychology. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550619877412"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Tobias Wingen; Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Elias Garcia-Pelegrin",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Catia M. Oliveira",
+ "Olmo van den Akker"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
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diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\205\254\344\274\227\347\247\221\345\255\246.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\205\254\344\274\227\347\247\221\345\255\246.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "公众科学 [Citizen Science]",
+ "sort_key": "gongzhongkexue",
+ "definition": "公众科学是指那些积极吸引公众参与科学研究的项目，旨在推动科学的民主化。在这一过程中，公众科学家可以以合作者、贡献者或项目负责人的身份，参与研究的各个阶段。一个典型的大型公众科学项目的例子是让个体协助识别天体的研究（Lintott, 2008）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Crowd science",
+ "Crowdsourcing"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Cohn, J. P. (2008). Citizen science: Can volunteers do real research? BioScience, 58(3), 192–197. https://doi.org/10.1641/B580303",
+ "Lintott, C. J., Schawinski, K., Slosar, A., Land, K., Bamford, S., Thomas, D., & Vandenberg, J. (2008). Galaxy Zoo: morphologies derived from visual inspection of galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 389(3), 1179–1189. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13689.x"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif; Ana Barbosa Mendes"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Gisela H. Govaart",
+ "Tamara Kalandadze",
+ "Dominik Kiersz",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Robert M. Ross"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
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@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "公平 [Equity]",
+ "sort_key": "gongping",
+ "definition": "每个人都有不同的起点（参见“机会差距”）和需求。平等对待强调对所有人一视同仁，而公平对待通过积极增加代表性不足的少数群体的机会，来创造公平竞争的环境。公平关注通过“公正”实现平等，即考虑到每个人对支持的差异化需求，而不是仅仅关注多数群体的需求。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Diversity",
+ "Equality",
+ "Fairness",
+ "Inclusion",
+ "Social justice"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Albayrak-Aydemir, N. (2020). The hidden costs of being a scholar from the global south. Retrieved from https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/highereducation/2020/02/20/the-hidden-costs-of-being-a-scholar-from-the-global-south/",
+ "Posselt, J. R. (2020). Equity in Science: Representation, Culture, and the Dynamics of Change in Graduate Education. Stanford University Press. https://books.google.de/books?id=2CjwDwAAQBAJ"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Gisela H. Govaart"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Ryan Millager",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Beatrice Valentini",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
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diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\205\261\345\220\214\347\224\237\344\272\247.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\205\261\345\220\214\347\224\237\344\272\247.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "共同生产 [Co-production]",
+ "sort_key": "gongtongshengchan",
+ "definition": "共同生产是一种研究方法，其赋予非传统的利益相关者在项目启动或研究过程中参与合作的权力。比如，在健康研究中，医疗专业人员与患者共同参与；在教育研究中，教师与学生共同合作。这种研究方法遵循了尊重非研究人员的经验、解决权力不均问题以及建立互利关系等原则。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Citizen science",
+ "Collaboration",
+ "Collaborative research",
+ "Crowd science",
+ "Engaged scholarship",
+ "Integrated Knowledge Translation (IKT)",
+ "Mode 2 of knowledge production",
+ "Participatory research",
+ "Patient and Public Involvement (PPI)"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Filipe, A., Renedo, A., & Marston, C. (2017). The co-production of what? Knowledge, values, and social relations in health care. PLoS Biology, 15(5), e2001403. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2001403",
+ "Graham, I. D., McCutcheon, C., & Kothari, A. (2019). Exploring the frontiers of research co-production: the Integrated Knowledge Translation Research Network concept papers. Health Research Policy and Systems, 17, 88. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-019-0501-7",
+ "NIHR Guidance on Co-Producing a Research Project. (2021). https://www.learningforinvolvement.org.uk/?opportunity=nihr-guidance-on-co-producing-a-research-project",
+ "Co-Production Collective. (n.d.). Our Approach. Co-Production Collective. https://www.coproductioncollective.co.uk/championing-co-production/what-does-co-production-mean-to-us"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Emma Norris"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Gisela H. Govaart",
+ "Magdalena Grose-Hodge",
+ "Helena Hartmann;Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Sonia Rishi",
+ "Emily A. Williams"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
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diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\205\261\346\234\211\346\200\247.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\205\261\346\234\211\346\200\247.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "共有性 [Communality]",
+ "sort_key": "gongyouxing",
+ "definition": "共有性是指科学成果与方法的共同所有权及其衍生的自由共享义务。\"共有性\"规范建立在这样的认知基础上：每一项科学发现都应被视为众多参与者共同努力的产物。当科学家主动向同行公开分享其新发现时，便践行了这一准则。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Mertonian norms",
+ "Objectivity"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Anderson, M. S., Ronning, E. A., Devries, R., & Martinson, B. C. (2010). Extending the Mertonian norms: Scientists’ subscription to norms of research. Journal of Higher Education, 81(3), 366–393. https://doi.org/10.1353/jhe.0.0095",
+ "Hardwicke, T. E., Jameel, L., Jones, M., Walczak, E. J., & Weinberg, L. M. (2014). Only human: Scientists, systems, and suspect statistics. Opticon1826, 16, 25. https://doi.org/10.5334/OPT.CH",
+ "Merton, R. K. (1938). Science and the social order. Philosophy of Science, 5(3), 321–337. https://doi.org/10.1086/286513",
+ "Merton, R. K. (1942). A note on science and democracy. Journal of Legal and Political Sociology, 1, 115–126. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110375008-013"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "David Moreau"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ashley Blake",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Beatrice Valentini"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\206\205\345\256\271\346\225\210\345\272\246.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\206\205\345\256\271\346\225\210\345\272\246.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a8e517e4c11
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\206\205\345\256\271\346\225\210\345\272\246.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "内容效度 [Content validity]",
+ "sort_key": "neirongxiaodu",
+ "definition": "内容效度是指，测量工具能够在多大程度上涵盖研究者所宣称测量的概念的全部维度，它是“一种定性效度类型，需要明确概念的界定范围，并由研究者判断测量工具是否完整表征了该范围”（Bollen, 1989, p.185）。作为构念效度的组成部分，它可通过定量和定性方法（通常涉及专家评估）建立。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Construct validity",
+ "Validity"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Bollen, K. A. (1989). Structural Equations with Latent Variables (pp. 179–225). John Wiley & Sons.",
+ "Brod, M., Tesler, L., & Christensen, T. (2009). Qualitative research and content validity: Developing best practices based on science and experience. Quality of Life Research, 18(9), 1263–1278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-009-9540-9",
+ "Drost, E. A. (2011). Validity and reliability in social science research. Education Research and Perspectives, 38(1), 105–123.",
+ "Haynes, S. N., Richard, D. C. S., & Kubany, E. S. (1995). Content validity in psychological assessment: A functional approach to concepts and methods. Psychological Assessment, 7(3), 238–247. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.7.3.238"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Annalise A. LaPlume"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Wanyin Li",
+ "Aoife O’Mahony",
+ "Eike Mark Rinke",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Graham Reid"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\206\205\351\203\250\346\225\210\345\272\246.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\206\205\351\203\250\346\225\210\345\272\246.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..36a0172fda4
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\206\205\351\203\250\346\225\210\345\272\246.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "内部效度 [Internal Validity]",
+ "sort_key": "neibuxiaodu",
+ "definition": "内部效度是指研究结果能在多大程度上反映目标人群中的真实效应，而非由研究混杂因素（例如，方法缺陷）导致的偏差。它评估自变量（预测变量）与因变量（标准变量）之间的观测证据或共变关系，能否被视真实关联，而非因实验设置中的未控制因素导致的虚假效应。由于涉及研究本身的质量，内部效度是科学研究的首要考量。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "External validity",
+ "Validity",
+ "Construct validity"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1966). Experimental and Quasi Experimental Designs. Rand McNally."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Annalise A. LaPlume"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Oscar Lecuona",
+ "Meng Liu",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Graham Reid",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\210\206\346\236\220\347\201\265\346\264\273\346\200\247.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\210\206\346\236\220\347\201\265\346\264\273\346\200\247.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2d3c83f2303
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\210\206\346\236\220\347\201\265\346\264\273\346\200\247.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "分析灵活性 [Analytic Flexibility]",
+ "sort_key": "fenxilinghuoxing",
+ "definition": "分析灵活性是研究者自由度的一种（Simmons, Nelson, & Simonsohn, 2011），特指在数据预处理和统计分析期间研究者做出的大量选择。也即“不同的可接受的分析方法所产生的分析结果之间的差异范围”（Carp, 2012, p. 1）。分析灵活性可能会引发问题，因为分析策略的可变性可能会导致研究结果的可变性，尤其是在研究者尝试了多种分析策略但未透明报告的情况下（Masur, 2021）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Garden of forking paths",
+ "Multiverse analysis",
+ "Researcher degrees of freedom"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Breznau, N. (2021). I saw you in the crowd: Credibility, reproducibility, and meta-utility. PS: Political Science & Politics, 54(2), 309–313. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096520000980",
+ "Carp, J. (2012). On the plurality of (methodological) worlds: estimating the analytic flexibility of FMRI experiments. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 6, 149. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2012.00149",
+ "Jones, A., Dr, J., Duckworth, & Christiansen, P. (2020). May I have your attention, please? Methodological and Analytical Flexibility in the Addiction Stroop. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ws8xp",
+ "Masur, P. K. (2020). Understanding the Effects of Analytical Choices on Finding the Privacy Paradox: A Specification Curve Analysis of Large-Scale Survey Data. Preprint. https://osf.io/m72gb/",
+ "Simmons, J. P., Nelson, L. D., & Simonsohn, U. (2011). False-positive psychology: Undisclosed flexibility in data collection and analysis allows presenting anything as significant. Psychological Science, 22(11), 1359–1366. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611417632"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mariella Paul"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Adrien Fillon",
+ "Bettina M. J . Kern",
+ "Adam Parker",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\210\207\351\246\231\350\202\240\345\274\217\345\217\221\350\241\250.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\210\207\351\246\231\350\202\240\345\274\217\345\217\221\350\241\250.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e568bba4c75
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\210\207\351\246\231\350\202\240\345\274\217\345\217\221\350\241\250.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "切香肠式发表 [Salami slicing]",
+ "sort_key": "qiexiangchangshifabiao",
+ "definition": "切香肠式发表是一种学术研究或成果发表中的不当策略，主要表现为将单一研究数据进行拆分以增加论文产出。这种行为通常是在研究完成之后进行的操作，本质上属于对学术激励机制的不当利用。常见表现形式包括：利用同一数据集发表多篇独立论文，或基于不同数据采集地点拆分发表研究成果却未充分披露数据来源的关联性。这种学术不端行为会歪曲文献记录（尤其是元分析结果），因为研究者难以辨识这些成果是否源于同一数据源，从而掩盖了多篇独立发表论文之间的数据依赖性。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Gaming (the system)",
+ "Questionable Research Practices or Questionable Reporting Practices (QRPs)",
+ "Partial publication"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Fanelli, D. (2018). Opinion: Is science really facing a reproducibility crisis, and do we need it to? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(11), 2628–2631. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708272114"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Sarah Ashcroft-Jones",
+ "Adrien Fillon",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Matt Jaquiery",
+ "Tamara Kalandadze",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Graham Reid",
+ "Suzanne L. K. Stewart"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\210\222\347\225\214\346\240\207\345\207\206.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\210\222\347\225\214\346\240\207\345\207\206.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b994e35c53f
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\210\222\347\225\214\346\240\207\345\207\206.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "划界标准 [Demarcation criterion]",
+ "sort_key": "huajiebiaozhun",
+ "definition": "划界标准用于区分科学与非科学，旨在指明世界知识增长的最佳路径。在Popper的观点中，划界标准是可证伪性及证伪主义态度的应用。而Kuhn认为，标准是以理解自然为目的的解谜活动；Lakatos则主张，科学的标志在于在一个不断进步的研究纲领内开展工作。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Hypothesis",
+ "Falsification"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Dienes, Z. (2008). Understanding psychology as a science: An introduction to scientific and statistical inference. Macmillan International Higher Education."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Alaa AlDoh"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Bethan Iley",
+ "Sara Middleton"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\210\233\351\200\240\346\200\247\347\240\264\345\235\217\345\274\217\347\232\204\345\244\215\347\216\260\346\226\271\346\263\225.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\210\233\351\200\240\346\200\247\347\240\264\345\235\217\345\274\217\347\232\204\345\244\215\347\216\260\346\226\271\346\263\225.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5c5ec42e498
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\210\233\351\200\240\346\200\247\347\240\264\345\235\217\345\274\217\347\232\204\345\244\215\347\216\260\346\226\271\346\263\225.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "创造性破坏式的复现方法 [Creative destruction approach to replication]",
+ "sort_key": "chuangzaoxingpohuaishidefuxianfangfa",
+ "definition": "复现研究不仅应旨在支持或质疑原始发现，还应致力于以经过修正的、更具解释力的理论来取代原有发现。因此，这种方法包括对现有理论进行“修剪”，系统比较所有替代理论，并使复现研究更具有生成性，积极参与理论构建（Tierney et al., 2020, 2021）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Crowdsourced research",
+ "Falsification",
+ "Replication",
+ "Theory"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Tierney, W., Hardy III, J. H., Ebersole, C. R., Leavitt, K., Viganola, D., Clemente, E. G., & others. (2020). Creative destruction in science. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 161, 291–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.07.002",
+ "Tierney, W., Hardy III, J., Ebersole, C. R., Viganola, D., Clemente, E. G., Gordon, M., & others. (2021). A creative destruction approach to replication: Implicit work and sex morality across cultures. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 93, 104060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104060"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Magdalena Grose-Hodge",
+ "Aoife O’Mahony",
+ "Adam Parker",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Sonia Rishi",
+ "Beatrice Valentini"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\210\251\347\233\212\345\206\262\347\252\201.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\210\251\347\233\212\345\206\262\347\252\201.md"
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\210\251\347\233\212\345\206\262\347\252\201.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "利益冲突 [Conflict of interest]",
+ "sort_key": "liyichongtu",
+ "definition": "利益冲突（conflict of interest，简称COI，或“竞争性利益”）是指可能影响作者、审稿人、编辑或编辑部成员客观性或专业判断的财务或非财务关系、活动或其他关联利益。出版伦理委员会、开放获取期刊目录、开放获取学术出版商协会和世界医学编辑协会联合发布的《学术出版透明度和最佳实践准则》指出，期刊应制定包含COI的出版伦理政策（DOAJ, 2018）。COI应透明化，以便读者能正确评估研究及潜在或实际的偏见。除了出版领域外，学术报告人、评审委员会成员和教育工作者也应声明COI。故意不披露COI可能被视为不当行为。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Objectivity",
+ "Peer review",
+ "Public Trust in Science",
+ "Publication ethics",
+ "Transparency"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Directory of Open Access Journals. (n.d.). https://doaj.org/apply/transparency/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Christopher Graham"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\211\252\350\241\245\346\263\225.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\211\252\350\241\245\346\263\225.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4e447d7d612
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\211\252\350\241\245\346\263\225.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "剪补法 [Trim-and-fill method]",
+ "sort_key": "jianbufa",
+ "definition": "剪补法用于估计漏斗图中因发表偏倚而缺失的研究，并据此对效应量的总体幅度进行校正。该方法会剔除分布在漏斗图左右两侧效应量最极端的部分研究，具体剔除数量需根据个案情况确定。其核心操作步骤是：首先通过修剪导致图形不对称的研究，确保剩余研究得出的效应量总体幅度不受发表偏倚影响。然而，若真实总体效应量不存在，则此步骤无法确定应剔除哪些研究。随后，依据经偏倚校正后的总体估计值，在漏斗图中对缺失研究进行数据填补。",
+ "related_terms": [],
+ "references": [],
+ "drafted_by": [],
+ "reviewed_by": [],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\213\230\350\257\257\350\241\250.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\213\230\350\257\257\350\241\250.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..51d2ec53927
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\213\230\350\257\257\350\241\250.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "勘误表 [Corrigendum]",
+ "sort_key": "kanwubiao",
+ "definition": "勘误表（corrigendum，复数为corrigenda，拉丁文意为“纠正”）记录已出版研究工作中的一个或多个错误，这些错误不会改变作品的核心主张或结论，因此无需撤回作品。勘误表通常会随原作一同发布，以确保透明度。一些出版商将此类文件称为正误表（erratum，复数为errata，拉丁文意为“错误”）；但另一些出版商将两者进行了区分，即认为勘误表呈现作者的错误，而正误表则呈现出版商的错误。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Correction",
+ "Errata",
+ "Retraction"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Anon. (2006). Correction or retraction? In Nature (Vol. 444, pp. 123–124). https://doi.org/10.1038/444123b"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Bradley Baker",
+ "Nick Ballou",
+ "Wanyin Li",
+ "Adam Parker",
+ "Emily A. Williams"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\214\205\345\256\271\346\200\247.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\214\205\345\256\271\346\200\247.md"
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index 00000000000..00285dae9c9
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\214\205\345\256\271\346\200\247.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "包容性 [Inclusion]",
+ "sort_key": "baorongxing",
+ "definition": "包容性，指特定合作项目或环境（例如学术界）中营造的欢迎、尊重的氛围。相较于仅强调背景、观点和经验多元化的“多样性（diversity）”，增强包容性的举措能够进一步促进不同个体（特别是易被边缘化的群体）的平等参与和价值认同。增强包容性通常需要弱化乃至消除那些阻碍公平参与的系统性壁垒。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Diversity",
+ "Equity",
+ "Social Justice"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Calvert, D. (2019). How to Make Inclusivity More Than Just an Office Buzzword. Retrieved from https://insight.kellogg.northwestern.edu/article/how-to-make-inclusivity-more-than-just-an-office-buzzword",
+ "Martinez-Acosta, V. G., & Favero, C. B. (2018). A discussion of diversity and inclusivity at the institutional level: The need for a strategic plan. Journal of Undergraduate Neuroscience Education, 16(3), A252."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Ryan Millager"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Graham Reid",
+ "Kai Krautter",
+ "Suzanne L. K. Stewart",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\214\277\345\220\215\346\200\247.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\214\277\345\220\215\346\200\247.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1548bedcc65
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\214\277\345\220\215\346\200\247.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "匿名性 [Anonymity]",
+ "sort_key": "nimingxing",
+ "definition": "匿名化数据是指移除、归纳、汇总或模糊任何可能识别参与者、审稿人和作者等身份的信息。数据应进行匿名化处理，以确保参与者个人身份无法被识别。最基本的匿名化是用化名（假名）替换参与者的真实姓名，并移除对具体地点的引用。匿名性在开放数据中尤为重要，有时出于匿名性的考虑，数据可能无法公开。定性研究通常侧重个人经历和观点，因此匿名性和开放数据受到了广泛讨论；在包含临床人群参与者的定量研究中也是如此。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Anonymising",
+ "Clinical populations",
+ "Confidentiality",
+ "Research ethics",
+ "Research participants",
+ "Vulnerable population"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2013). Successful Qualitative Research. SAGE Publications."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Claire Melia"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Tsvetomira Dumbalska",
+ "Bethan Iley",
+ "Tamara Kalandadze",
+ "Bettina M.J. Kern",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Flávio Azevedo",
+ "Madeleine Pownall",
+ "Birgit Schmidt"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\215\217\344\275\234\345\274\217\345\244\215\347\216\260\344\270\216\346\225\231\350\202\262\351\241\271\347\233\256.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\215\217\344\275\234\345\274\217\345\244\215\347\216\260\344\270\216\346\225\231\350\202\262\351\241\271\347\233\256.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..69cd47fde8d
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\215\217\344\275\234\345\274\217\345\244\215\347\216\260\344\270\216\346\225\231\350\202\262\351\241\271\347\233\256.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "协作式复现与教育项目 [Collaborative Replication and Education Project (CREP)]",
+ "sort_key": "xiezuoshifuxianyujiaoyuxiangmu",
+ "definition": "协作式复现与教育项目（Collaborative Replication and Education Project，简称CREP）是一项旨在系统组织和规范对高被引的心理学实证研究进行复现的倡议，旨在同时满足两个需求：一是增加高质量的直接复现，二是为心理学学生提供实证研究技能的培训。CREP致力于推动对高被引研究的复现，并为参与复现项目的学者提供培训、支持和专业成长的机会。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Direct replication",
+ "Exact replication"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Wagge, J. R., Baciu, C., Banas, K., Nadler, J. T., Schwarz, S., Weisberg, Y., & others. (2019). A demonstration of the collaborative replication and education project: Replication attempts of the red-romance effect. Collabra: Psychology, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.177"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Connor Keating"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Bradley Baker",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Zoe Flack",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\215\225\347\233\262\345\220\214\350\241\214\350\257\204\345\256\241.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\215\225\347\233\262\345\220\214\350\241\214\350\257\204\345\256\241.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c9943ba094e
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\215\225\347\233\262\345\220\214\350\241\214\350\257\204\345\256\241.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "单盲同行评审 [Single-blind peer review]",
+ "sort_key": "danmangtonghangpingshen",
+ "definition": "单盲同行评审是一种研究成果评估方式，由合格专家进行。在此过程中，审稿人知晓作者身份，但作者对审稿人身份不知情。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Anonymous review",
+ "Double-blind peer review",
+ "Masked review",
+ "Open Peer Review",
+ "Peer review",
+ "Triple-blind peer review"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Largent, E. A., & Snodgrass, R. T. (2016). Blind peer review by academic journals. In C. T. Robertson & A. S. Kesselheim (Eds.), Blinding as a solution to bias: Strengthening biomedical science, forensic science, and law (pp. 75–95). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802460-7.00005-X"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Bradley Baker"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ashley Blake",
+ "Christopher Graham",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Graham Reid"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\216\273\346\256\226\346\260\221\345\214\226.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\216\273\346\256\226\346\260\221\345\214\226.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..633b9e4bedf
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\216\273\346\256\226\346\260\221\345\214\226.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "去殖民化 [Decolonisation]",
+ "sort_key": "quzhiminhua",
+ "definition": "殖民性可以被描述为帝国主义、资本主义和民族主义等概念的自然化过程。这些概念交织在一起，形成了一个权力关系的矩阵，其根源可追溯到殖民时期。去殖民化旨在打破并分散这些权力关系，试图理解其持续存在的机制，并重构特定领域的规范与价值体系。在学术领域，去殖民化意味着重新思考教学、研究及共处的视角，使其超越西方中心主义和殖民视角的局限。学术界的去殖民化涉及重构既有的历史与文化框架，重新确立高校中的归属感，赋权并吸纳那些在历史上长期被排除在学术体系之外的声音和知识。这一过程要求人们以独立于社会主流视角的立场来面对过去、现在与未来，同时包容（而非排斥）个体在特定殖民背景下内化的规范与禁忌。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Diversity",
+ "Equity",
+ "Inclusion"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Albayrak, N. (2018). Diversity helps but decolonisation is the key to equality in higher education. Retrieved from https://lsepgcertcitl.wordpress.com/2018/04/16/diversity-helps-but-decolonisation-is-the-key-to-equality-in-higher-education/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Sarah Ashcroft-Jones",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Michele C. Lim",
+ "Emma Norris",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\202\344\270\216\345\274\217\347\240\224\347\251\266.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\202\344\270\216\345\274\217\347\240\224\347\251\266.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fd73ca423b8
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\202\344\270\216\345\274\217\347\240\224\347\251\266.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "参与式研究 [Participatory Research]",
+ "sort_key": "canyushiyanjiu",
+ "definition": "参与式研究是指在整个研究过程中纳入相关社区成员的观点，以实现研究者和社区的共同目标。这种方法强调合作，通过“系统性共同创造新知识”（Andersson, 2018），以减少研究者与被研究者的权力不平衡。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Collaborative research",
+ "Inclusion",
+ "Neurodiversity",
+ "Patient and Public Involvement (PPI)",
+ "Transformative paradigm"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Cornwall, A., & Jewkes, R. (1995). What is participatory research? Social Science & Medicine, 41(12), 1667–1676. https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)00127-S",
+ "Fletcher-Watson, S., Adams, J., Brook, K., Charman, T., Crane, L., Cusack, J., Leekam, S., Milton, D., Parr, J. R., & Pellicano, E. (2019). Making the Future Together: Shaping Autism Research Through Meaningful Participation. Autism, 23(4), 943–953.",
+ "Kiernan, C. (1999). Participation in research by people with learning disability: Origins and issues. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 27(2), 43–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.1999.tb00084.x",
+ "Leavy, P. (2017). Research Design: Quantitative, Qualitative, Mixed Methods, Arts-Based, and Community-Based Participatory Research Approaches. The Guilford Press.",
+ "Ottmann, G., Laragy, C., Allen, J., & Feldman, P. (2011). Coproduction in practice: Participatory action research to develop a model of community aged care. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 24, 413–427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213-011-9192-x",
+ "Rose, D. (2018). Participatory research: Real or imagined. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 53, 765–771. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-018-1549-3"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Tamara Kalandadze"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Bethan Iley",
+ "Halil E. Kocalar",
+ "Michele C. Lim"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\202\344\270\216\350\200\205\345\222\214\345\205\254\344\274\227\345\217\202\344\270\216.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\202\344\270\216\350\200\205\345\222\214\345\205\254\344\274\227\345\217\202\344\270\216.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..24b1c99a74b
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\202\344\270\216\350\200\205\345\222\214\345\205\254\344\274\227\345\217\202\344\270\216.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "参与者和公众参与 [Patient and Public Involvement (PPI)]",
+ "sort_key": "canyuzhehegongzhongcanyu",
+ "definition": "积极与目标人群携手合作开展研究，而不是单方面研究他们。研究人员能够在研究的各个阶段引入参与者和公众的生活经验和专业知识。比如，请研究参与者协助制定研究问题，评估研究设计的合理性，批准用于资助/伦理申请和传播的简明英文摘要，参与数据收集和分析，甚至协助撰写发表的项目报告。这种做法正逐渐成为资助者强烈推荐甚至要求的做法（Boivin et al., 2018）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Co-production",
+ "Participatory research"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Boivin, A., Richards, T., Forsythe, L., Gregoire, A., L’Esperance, A., Abelson, J., & Carman, K. L. (2018). Evaluating the patient and public involvement in research. British Medical Journal, 363, k5147. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k5147",
+ "INVOLVE. (n.d.). INVOLVE – Supporting public involvement in NHS, public health and social care research. https://www.invo.org.uk/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Jade Pickering"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Catia M. Oliveira"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\214\347\233\262\345\220\214\350\241\214\350\257\204\345\256\241.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\214\347\233\262\345\220\214\350\241\214\350\257\204\345\256\241.md"
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\214\347\233\262\345\220\214\350\241\214\350\257\204\345\256\241.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "双盲同行评审 [Double-blind peer review]",
+ "sort_key": "shuangmangtonghangpingshen",
+ "definition": "双盲同行评审是指由合格专家对研究成果进行评估，在此过程中作者与评审专家双方身份均相互保密。\"这种方式隐去了作者身份及其所属机构信息，理论上可消除因专业声誉、性别、种族及机构背景产生的偏见，使评审者能够避免主观倾向而仅关注论文本身的学术价值\"（Tvina et al., 2019）。然而与所有同行评审方式一样，双盲评审亦非完美无缺，对于某些深耕细分领域的研究人员而言，完全实现身份匿名往往非常困难。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Ad hominem bias",
+ "Affiliation bias",
+ "Anonymous review",
+ "Masked review",
+ "Open peer review",
+ "Peer review",
+ "Single-blind peer review",
+ "Traditional peer review",
+ "Triple-Blind peer review"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Largent, E. A., & Snodgrass, R. T. (2016). Blind peer review by academic journals. In C. T. Robertson & A. S. Kesselheim (Eds.), Blinding as a solution to bias: Strengthening biomedical science, forensic science, and law (pp. 75–95). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802460-7.00005-X",
+ "Tvina, A., Spellecy, R., & Palatnik, A. (2019). Bias in the peer review process: can we do better? Obstetrics & Gynecology, 133(6), 1081–1083. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003260"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Bradley Baker",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Meng Liu",
+ "Emma Norris"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\214\351\207\215\346\204\217\350\257\206.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\214\351\207\215\346\204\217\350\257\206.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e8049449006
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\214\351\207\215\346\204\217\350\257\206.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "双重意识 [Double consciousness]",
+ "sort_key": "shuangchongyishi",
+ "definition": "双重意识是指一种身份混淆，即个体感到拥有两种截然不同的身份。一种是在高校中与同事和教授相处时融入主流文化的身份，而另一种则是在家庭环境中维持的原有文化身份。这种反复的身份转换可能使个体对自身身份认同产生不确定感，觉得自己无所归属，从而导致个体在学术文化中的社会融合不良，进而表现为个人机会减少以及心理健康问题加剧（Rubin, 2021; Rubin et al., 2019）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Social class",
+ "Social integration"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Albayrak, N., & Okoroji, C. (2019). Facing the challenges of postgraduate study as a minority student. A Guide for Psychology Postgraduates, 63.",
+ "Du Bois, W. E. B. (1968). The souls of black folk; essays and sketches. Johnson Reprint Corp.",
+ "Gilroy, P. (1993). The black Atlantic: Modernity and double consciousness. Harvard University Press."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Wanyin Li",
+ "Michele C. Lim",
+ "Adam Parker"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\215\345\220\221p\345\200\274\346\223\215\347\272\265.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\215\345\220\221p\345\200\274\346\223\215\347\272\265.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6000bbd54fb
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\215\345\220\221p\345\200\274\346\223\215\347\272\265.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "反向p值操纵 [Reverse p-hacking]",
+ "sort_key": "fanxiangpzhicaozong",
+ "definition": "反向p值操纵是指在统计分析中，利用研究人员的自由度增加接受零假设（如 p > .05）的可能性。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Analytic flexibility",
+ "HARKing",
+ "P-hacking",
+ "Questionable Research Practices or Questionable Reporting Practices (QRPs)",
+ "Researcher degrees of freedom",
+ "Selective reporting"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Chuard, P. J. C., Vrtilek, M., Head, M. L., & Jennions, M. D. (2019). Evidence that non-significant results are sometimes preferred: Reverse P-hacking or selective reporting? PLoS Biol, 17(1), e3000127. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000127"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Robert M. Ross"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Alexander Hart",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Timo Roettger"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\215\346\200\235\346\200\247.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\215\346\200\235\346\200\247.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5c1e1bcfe12
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "反思性 [Reflexivity]",
+ "sort_key": "fansixing",
+ "definition": "反思性过程是指对研究产生的知识、知识生成过程以及研究者自身角色进行批判性审视的过程。其包含两种形式：个人反思性，即研究者考量自身经历对研究的影响；方法反思性，即研究者评估研究工具与方法对知识生产的作用。反思性过程旨在揭示可能影响研究流程（包括研究问题提出、数据收集与分析）的潜在因素。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Bracketing Interviews",
+ "Qualitative Research"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2013). Successful Qualitative Research. SAGE Publications.",
+ "Finlay, L., & Gough, B. (2008). Reflexivity: A practical guide for researchers in health and social sciences. John Wiley & Sons."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Claire Melia"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Gilad Feldman",
+ "Annalise A. LaPlume"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
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@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "发表偏倚（文件抽屉问题 [Publication bias (File Drawer Problem)]",
+ "sort_key": "fabiaopianyi（wenjianchoutiwenti",
+ "definition": "发表偏倚指没有根据“研究结果的方向或强度”来发表研究成果（Dickersin & Min, 1993, p. 135）。当研究发表价值的评估过度依赖其结果时——通常表现为更倾向于发表新颖且显著的结果而非重复研究或不显著的结果，便会产生这种偏倚。其典型表现为显著结果的比例异常偏高及效应量被高估，导致已发表的科学文献无法全面反映所有研究事实，尤其造成不显著结果的比例过低。这些未被发表的研究最终被塞入所谓的“文件抽屉”，既不会被发表也没有文献记录可查。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Dissemination bias",
+ "P-curve",
+ "P-hacking",
+ "Selective reporting",
+ "Statistical significance",
+ "Trim and fill",
+ "Meta-Analysis"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Dickersin, K., & Min, Y. (1993). Publication Bias: The Problem That Won’t Go Away. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 703(1), 135–148. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb26343.x",
+ "Devito, N., & Goldacre, B. (2019). Publication Bias. Catalogue of Bias. https://catalogofbias.org/biases/publication-bias/",
+ "Duval, S., & Tweedie, R. (2000). A nonparametric “trim and fill” method of accounting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 95, 89–98. https://doi.org/10.2307/2669529",
+ "Duval, S., & Tweedie, R. (2000). Trim and fill: A simple funnel-plot–based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis. Biometrics, 56, 455–463. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.00455.x",
+ "Franco, A., Malhotra, N., & Simonovits, G. (2014). Publication bias in the social sciences: Unlocking the file drawer. Science, 345(6203), 1502–1505. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1255484",
+ "Lindsay, D. S. (2020). Seven steps toward transparency and replicability in psychological science. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne, 61(4), 310–317. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000222",
+ "Rothstein, H. R., Sutton, A. J., & Borenstein, M. (2005). Publication bias in meta-analysis. In Publication bias in meta-analysis: Prevention, assessment and adjustments (pp. 1–7). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/0470870168.ch1"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Gilad Feldman",
+ "Adrien Fillon",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Tamara Kalandadze",
+ "William Ngiam",
+ "Martin Vasilev",
+ "Olmo van den Akker",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\221\350\241\250\345\220\216\345\220\214\350\241\214\350\257\204\345\256\241.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\221\350\241\250\345\220\216\345\220\214\350\241\214\350\257\204\345\256\241.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "发表后同行评审 [Post Publication Peer Review]",
+ "sort_key": "fabiaohoutonghangpingshen",
+ "definition": "发表后同行评审是指在研究成果正式发表后进行的评审活动，通常通过特定平台（如PubPeer）发布。这种评审模式不同于传统期刊在同一刊物上发表的评论文章——后者本身通常也需经过同行评审。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Open Peer Review",
+ "PeerPub",
+ "Peer review"
+ ],
+ "references": [],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Sam Parsons"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\221\350\241\250\346\210\226\347\201\255\344\272\241.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\221\350\241\250\346\210\226\347\201\255\344\272\241.md"
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index 00000000000..7039f18343a
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\221\350\241\250\346\210\226\347\201\255\344\272\241.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "发表或灭亡 [Publish or Perish]",
+ "sort_key": "fabiaohuomiewang",
+ "definition": "“发表或灭亡”这句格言生动地描绘了研究人员在追求学术生涯的成功的过程中，因需在高声望学术期刊上发表论文而感受到的巨大压力。这种为了大量发表论文而承受的压力往往可能削弱论文的质量。招聘程序和资助决策对论文数量与影响力的重视，使得这种制度性压力愈加严峻。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Incentive structure",
+ "Journal Impact Factor",
+ "Reproducibility crisis (aka Replicability or replication crisis)",
+ "Salami slicing",
+ "Slow Science"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Case, C. M. (1928). Scholarship in Sociology. Sociology and Social Research, 12, 323–340. http://www.sudoc.fr/036493414",
+ "Fanelli, D. (2010). Do Pressures to Publish Increase Scientists’ Bias? An Empirical Support from US States Data. PLOS ONE, 5(4), e10271. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0010271"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Eliza Woodward"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Nick Ballou",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Annalise A. LaPlume",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Timo Roettger",
+ "Olmo van den Akker"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\240\345\212\240\346\234\237\345\210\212.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\240\345\212\240\346\234\237\345\210\212.md"
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "叠加期刊 [Overlay Journal]",
+ "sort_key": "diejiaqikan",
+ "definition": "叠加期刊是一类开放获取的电子期刊，通过收集和整理其他平台（通常是预印本服务器，如 arXiv）发布的文章来构建内容。文章整理过程可能包括（出版后）同行评审或编辑筛选。叠加期刊不发布原创内容；它们仅组织和整理来自现有存储库的文章。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Open access",
+ "Preprint"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Ginsparg, P. (1997). Winners and losers in the global research village. The Serials Librarian, 30(3–4), 83–95. https://doi.org/10.1300/J123v30n03_13",
+ "Ginsparg, P. (2001). Creating a global knowledge network. In Second Joint ICSU Press-UNESCO Expert Conference on Electronic Publishing in Science (pp. 19–23).",
+ "Brown, J. (2010). An Introduction to Overlay Journals [Techreport]. Repositories Support Project: UK. https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/19081/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Bradley Baker"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Christopher Graham",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\244\345\276\267\345\223\210\347\211\271\345\256\232\345\276\213.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\244\345\276\267\345\223\210\347\211\271\345\256\232\345\276\213.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "古德哈特定律 [Goodhart’s Law]",
+ "sort_key": "gudehatedinglv",
+ "definition": "古德哈特定律是由经济学家Charles Goodhart提出的术语，指的是对某物的测量从本质上改变了用户的行为。在考试成绩方面，Strathern（1997, p. 308）指出：“当测量变为目的，就失去了测量的意义”。在开放科学和学术激励机制领域，古德哈特定律可以预见科学评价指标很可能被滥用和操纵，而这一点已经被Muller（2019）的研究所证实。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Campbell's law",
+ "DORA",
+ "Reification (fallacy)"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Muller, J. Z. (2018). The Tyranny of Metrics. Princeton University Press.",
+ "Strathern, M. (1997). ‘Improving ratings’: audit in the British University system. European Review, 5(3), 305–321. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1234-981X(199707)5:3<305::AID-EURO184>3.0.CO;2-4"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Adam Parker"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
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diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\257\344\277\241\345\272\246\351\235\251\345\221\275.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\257\344\277\241\345\272\246\351\235\251\345\221\275.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "可信度革命 [Credibility revolution]",
+ "sort_key": "kexindugeming",
+ "definition": "可信度革命是由于人们对科学主张的可信度产生担忧（例如，低可复现性），导致对科学发现的信任度日益下降，由此引发的问题和相应的解决方案。该术语被提出，作为“可复现性危机”的一种更为积极的替代词，并涵盖了许多旨在提高研究可信度的解决方案，例如预注册、透明化和复现研究。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Credibility of scientific claims",
+ "High standards of evidence",
+ "Openness",
+ "Open Science;Reproducibility crisis (aka Replicability or replication crisis)",
+ "Transparency"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J. S. (2010). The credibility revolution in empirical economics: How better research design is taking the con out of econometrics. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 24, 3–30. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.24.2.3",
+ "Vazire, S. (2018). Implications of the Credibility Revolution for Productivity, Creativity, and Progress. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 13(4), 411–417. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617751884",
+ "Vazire, S., Schiavone, S. R., & Bottesini, J. G. (2020). Credibility Beyond Replicability: Improving the Four Validities in Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/bu4d3"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Tamara Kalandadze"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Bradley Baker",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Kai Krautter",
+ "Annalise A. LaPlume",
+ "Oscar Lecuona",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Robert Ross",
+ "Tobias Wingen",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
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diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\257\345\244\215\347\216\260\346\200\247.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\257\345\244\215\347\216\260\346\200\247.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "可复现性 [Replicability]",
+ "sort_key": "kefuxianxing",
+ "definition": "可复现性是一个概括性术语，在各个领域中被广泛使用，主要涵盖以下概念：直接和概念复现，计算可重复性/可复现性、普适性分析和稳健性分析。该术语在学界存在多种定义，包括但不限于：不同团队用原作者的研究材料得出相同结果（Barba 2018）；在收集新数据后得出相同结论的研究（Claerbout and Karrenbach, 1992）；以及无论何种结果都被视为先前研究结论的诊断性证据的研究（Nosek & Errington, 2020）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Conceptual replication",
+ "Direct Replication",
+ "Generalizability",
+ "Reproducibility",
+ "Reliability",
+ "Robustness (analyses)"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Barba, L. A. (2018). Terminologies for reproducible research. arXiv Preprint arXiv:1802.03311.",
+ "Crüwell, S., van Doorn, J., Etz, A., Makel, M. C., Moshontz, H., Niebaum, J. C., Orben, A., Parsons, S., & Schulte-Mecklenbeck, M. (2019). Seven Easy Steps to Open Science: An Annotated Reading List. Zeitschrift Für Psychologie, 227(4), 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000387",
+ "King, G. (1995). Replication, replication. PS: Political Science & Politics, 28(3), 444–452. https://doi.org/10.2307/420301",
+ "Nosek, B. A., & Errington, T. M. (2020). What is replication? PLOS Biology, 18(3), e3000691. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000691"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Adrien Fillon",
+ "Gilad Feldman",
+ "Annalise A. LaPlume",
+ "Tina B. Lonsdorf",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Eike Mark Rinke",
+ "Tobias Wingen"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
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diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\257\346\216\250\345\271\277\346\200\247.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\257\346\216\250\345\271\277\346\200\247.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "可推广性 [Generalizability]",
+ "sort_key": "ketuiguangxing",
+ "definition": "可推广性指一项研究的结果在多大程度上适用于更广泛的人群、环境或情境，以及这些发现与更广泛背景之间的关系（Frey, 2018; Kukull & Ganguli, 2012）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Conceptual replication",
+ "External Validity",
+ "Opportunistic sampling",
+ "Sampling bias",
+ "WEIRD"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Esterling, K., Brady, D., & Schwitzgebel, E. (2021). The Necessity of Construct and External Validity for Generalized Causal Claims. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/2s8w5.",
+ "Generalizability. (2018). Generalizability. In B. B. Frey (Ed.), The SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation. SAGE Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781506326139.n284",
+ "Kukull, W. A., & Ganguli, M. (2012). Generalizability: The trees, the forest, and the low-hanging fruit. Neurology, 78(23), 1886–1891. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e318258f812",
+ "LeBel, E. P., Vanpaemel, W., Cheung, I., & Campbell, L. (2017). A brief guide to evaluate replications. Meta-Psychology, 3. https://doi.org/10.15626/MP.2018.843",
+ "Nosek, B. A., & Errington, T. M. (2020). What is replication? PLOS Biology, 18(3), e3000691. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000691",
+ "Yarkoni, T. (2020). The generalizability crisis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X20001685"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Aoife O’Mahony"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Adrien Fillon",
+ "Matt Jaquiery",
+ "Tina Lonsdorf",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Julia Wolska"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
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diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\257\350\256\277\351\227\256\346\200\247.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\257\350\256\277\351\227\256\346\200\247.md"
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+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\257\350\256\277\351\227\256\346\200\247.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "可访问性 [Accessibility]",
+ "sort_key": "kefangwenxing",
+ "definition": "可访问性指以学术目的来访问和重复使用资料（如数据、代码、成果、出版物）的便利性，尤其是为慢性病患者、残疾人和/或神经多样性人群提供便利性。这些人群在研究中面临诸多经济、法律和/或技术方面的障碍，包括（但不限于）获取适当格式的材料以及进入相关场所的困难。可访问性还涉及对多样性、公平性、包容性和代表性的结构性关注（Pownall et al., 2021）。界面、活动和空间的设计应考虑到可访问性，以确保人们的充分参与，比如确保网上图像对色盲友好并具备替代文本，或在活动中使用实时字幕等（Brown et al., 2018; Pollet & Bond, 2021; World Wide Web Consortium, 2021）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Availability",
+ "Data availability statements",
+ "Inclusion",
+ "Open Access",
+ "Under-representation",
+ "Universal design for learning (UDL)"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Brown, N., Thompson, P., & Leigh, J. S. (2018). Making academia more accessible. Journal of Perspectives in Applied Academic Practice, 6(2), 82–90. https://doi.org/10.14297/jpaap.v6i2.348",
+ "Pollet, I. L., & Bond, A. L. (2021). Evaluation and recommendations for greater accessibility of colour figures in ornithology. Ibis, 163, 292–295. https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12887",
+ "Suber, P. (2004). The primacy of authors in achieving Open Access. In Nature. Retrieved from http://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/4391161)",
+ "Pownall, M., Talbot, C. V., Henschel, A., Lautarescu, A., Lloyd, K. E., Hartmann, H., Darda, K. M., Tang, K. T. Y., Carmichael-Murphy, P., & Siegel, J. A. (2021). Navigating Open Science as Early Career Feminist Researchers. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 45(4), 526–539. https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843211029255 Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03616843211029255"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Kai Krautter"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Valeria Agostini",
+ "Myriam A. Baum",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Bethan Iley",
+ "Tamara Kalandadze",
+ "Ryan Millager",
+ "Sara Middleton",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Madeleine Pownall",
+ "Robert M. Ross",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\257\351\207\215\345\244\215\346\200\247.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\257\351\207\215\345\244\215\346\200\247.md"
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "可重复性 [Reproducibility]",
+ "sort_key": "kechongfuxing",
+ "definition": "可重复性是科学验证的“可重复性谱系”上的最低标准，用于根据原始方法、数据和代码来评估科学结论的价值或准确性。例如，研究者使用原始数据和计算机代码重新生成结果，这一过程通常被称为计算可重复性（Barba, 2018）。即便是可重复的结果，也不能确保其质量、正确性或有效性（Peng, 2011）。在某些领域，这个术语与“可复现性（replicability）”或“重复性（repeatability）”相关联。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Computational reproducibility",
+ "Replicability",
+ "repeatability"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Barba, L. A. (2018). Terminologies for reproducible research. arXiv Preprint arXiv:1802.03311.",
+ "Crüwell, S., van Doorn, J., Etz, A., Makel, M. C., Moshontz, H., Niebaum, J. C., Orben, A., Parsons, S., & Schulte-Mecklenbeck, M. (2019). Seven Easy Steps to Open Science: An Annotated Reading List. Zeitschrift Für Psychologie, 227(4), 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000387",
+ "Peng, R. D. (2011). Reproducible Research in Computational Science. Science, 334(6060), 1226–1227. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1213847",
+ "Stodden, V. C. (2011). Trust your science? Open your data and code.",
+ "Syed, M. (2019). The Open Science Movement is for all of us. PsyArXiv."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Annalise A. LaPlume",
+ "Tina B. Lonsdorf",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Suzanne L. K. Stewart"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\257\351\207\215\345\244\215\346\200\247\345\215\261\346\234\272_\345\217\210\347\247\260\345\217\257\345\244\215\347\216\260\346\200\247\346\210\226\345\244\215\347\216\260\345\215\261\346\234\272_.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\257\351\207\215\345\244\215\346\200\247\345\215\261\346\234\272_\345\217\210\347\247\260\345\217\257\345\244\215\347\216\260\346\200\247\346\210\226\345\244\215\347\216\260\345\215\261\346\234\272_.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "可重复性危机（又称可复现性或复现危机） [Reproducibility crisis (aka Replicability or replication crisis)]",
+ "sort_key": "kechongfuxingweiji（youchengkefuxianxinghuofuxianweiji）",
+ "definition": "可重复性危机是指一个学术界的发现以及相关的学术文化和思维方式的重大转变，即在多个学科中，大量已发表的科学研究无法被复现（如Open Science Collaboration, 2015）。这一现象被认为是由于研究和出版实践的质量与诚信缺失所致，例如发表偏倚、不当研究行为以及透明度不足等，导致虚假阳性结果的发生率被大幅抬高。也有学者将这一过程称为“可信度革命”，认为它正推动着科研实践向更规范的方向发展。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Credibility crisis",
+ "Publication bias (File Drawer Problem)",
+ "Questionable Research Practices or Questionable Reporting Practices (QRPs)",
+ "Replicability",
+ "Reproducibility"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Fanelli, D. (2018). Opinion: Is science really facing a reproducibility crisis, and do we need it to? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(11), 2628–2631. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708272114"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Annalise A. LaPlume",
+ "Mariella Paul",
+ "Sonia Rishi",
+ "Lisa Spitzer"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\257\351\207\215\345\244\215\346\200\247\347\275\221\347\273\234.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\217\257\351\207\215\345\244\215\346\200\247\347\275\221\347\273\234.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "可重复性网络 [Reproducibility Network]",
+ "sort_key": "kechongfuxingwangluo",
+ "definition": "可重复性网络是一个由开放研究工作组组成的联盟，通常由同行学者领导。这些工作组采用“轮辐模型”在特定国家内运作，其中网络将当地跨学科研究人员、研究小组和机构与中央指导小组连接起来，同时中央小组还与外部研究生态系统的利益相关方建立联系。可重复性网络的目标旨在倡导学界提高对研究可重复性问题的意识、推广培训活动，并在基层、机构以及整个研究生态系统层面推广实践规范。截至2021年3月，类似的网络已经在英国、德国、瑞士、斯洛伐克和澳大利亚等国家存在。",
+ "related_terms": [],
+ "references": [
+ "Network, U. R. (n.d.). UK Reproducibility Network. Retrieved 10 July 2021. https://www.ukrn.org/",
+ "GRN · German Reproducibility Network. (n.d.). A German Reproducibility Network. Retrieved from https://reproducibilitynetwork.de/",
+ "Anon. (n.d.). Domov | SKRN (Slovak Reproducibility network). Retrieved from https://slovakrn.wixsite.com/skrn",
+ "AusRN. (n.d.). Australian Reproducibility Network. Retrieved from https://www.aus-rn.org/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Suzanne L. K. Stewart"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Annalise A. LaPlume",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\220\214\350\241\214\350\257\204\345\256\241\345\274\200\346\224\276\346\200\247\345\200\241\350\256\256.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\220\214\350\241\214\350\257\204\345\256\241\345\274\200\346\224\276\346\200\247\345\200\241\350\256\256.md"
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\220\214\350\241\214\350\257\204\345\256\241\345\274\200\346\224\276\346\200\247\345\200\241\350\256\256.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "同行评审开放性倡议 [PRO (peer review openness) initiative]",
+ "sort_key": "tonghangpingshenkaifangxingchangyi",
+ "definition": "同行评审开放性（peer review openness, 简称PRO）倡议是一项由多位学者共同达成的协议规定，即除非满足某些条件，否则他们不会对稿件进行同行评审。具体要求包括：稿件作者应确保数据和材料能够被公开获取（若无法开放共享需提供合理解释），提供文档详细说明如何解释和运行每份文件与代码，并在稿件中详细标明这些文件的获取途径。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Non-anonymised peer review",
+ "Open Science",
+ "Open Peer Review",
+ "Transparent peer review"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Morey, R. D., Chambers, C. D., Etchells, P. J., Harris, C. R., Hoekstra, R., Lakens, D., Lewandowsky, S., Morey, C. C., Newman, D. P., Schönbrodt, F. D., Vanpaemel, W., Wagenmakers, E.-J., & Zwaan, R. A. (2016). The Peer Reviewers’ Openness Initiative: incentivizing open research practices through peer review. Royal Society Open Science, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150547"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Sarah Ashcroft-Jones",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Steven Verheyen"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\220\214\350\276\210\347\244\276\345\214\272.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\220\214\350\276\210\347\244\276\345\214\272.md"
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\220\214\350\276\210\347\244\276\345\214\272.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "同辈社区 [PCI (Peer Community In)]",
+ "sort_key": "tongbeishequ",
+ "definition": "同辈社区（Peer Community In，简称PCI）是一个非营利组织，它汇聚研究人员组建专家社区，基于至少两位同行的高质量意见来评审未发表的预印本，并决定是否推荐这些文章。被推荐的预印本会像期刊文章一样被分配DOI标识符。PCI的创立旨在构建一个基于预印本评审与推荐的免费、透明、开放的科研出版体系。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Open Access",
+ "Open Archives",
+ "Open Peer Review",
+ "PCI Registered Reports",
+ "Peer review",
+ "Preprints"
+ ],
+ "references": [],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Emma Henderson"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Christopher Graham",
+ "Bethan Iley",
+ "Aleksandra Lazić",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\220\216\351\252\214\345\210\206\345\270\203.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\220\216\351\252\214\345\210\206\345\270\203.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d1e89b9b3cc
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\220\216\351\252\214\345\210\206\345\270\203.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "后验分布 [Posterior distribution]",
+ "sort_key": "houyanfenbu",
+ "definition": "后验分布用于在贝叶斯推断中总结更新的知识，平衡先验知识与观测数据。用统计术语表述，后验分布与似然函数和先验概率的乘积成正比。后验概率分布能够反映对特定参数值的（不）确定性程度。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Bayes Factor",
+ "Bayesian inference",
+ "Bayesian parameter estimation",
+ "Likelihood function",
+ "Prior distribution"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Dienes, Z. (2014). Using Bayes to get the most out of non-significant results. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 781. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00781",
+ "Lüdtke, O., Ulitzsch, E., & Robitzsch, A. (2020). A Comparison of Penalized Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Markov Chain Monte Carlo Techniques for Estimating Confirmatory Factor Analysis Models with Small Sample Sizes . https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/u3qag"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Alaa AlDoh"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Adam Parker",
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Julia Wolska",
+ "Yu-Fang Yang",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
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diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\233\242\344\275\223\351\241\271\347\233\256.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\233\242\344\275\223\351\241\271\347\233\256.md"
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\233\242\344\275\223\351\241\271\347\233\256.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "团体项目 [Community Projects]",
+ "sort_key": "tuantixiangmu",
+ "definition": "团体项目指涉及不同职业、学科、机构或国家研究人员的合作项目。项目目标可以有所不同，包括同行支持和学习以及研究、教学和教育开展。项目可为短期（例如，会议或黑客马拉松），或长期的（例如，期刊俱乐部或联盟牵头的研究）。实现这些目标的关键在于协作文化和社区建设。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Bottom-up approach (to Open Scholarship)",
+ "Crowdsourced research",
+ "Hackathon",
+ "Many Labs",
+ "ReproducibiliTea"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Ellemers, N. (2021). Science as collaborative knowledge generation. British Journal of Social Psychology, 60(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12430",
+ "Orben, A. (2019). A journal club to fix science. Nature, 573(7775), 465–466. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-02842-8",
+ "Shepard, B. (2015). Community projects as social activism. SAGE."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Marta Topor"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie",
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Kai Krautter",
+ "Gerald Vineyard"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\244\215\347\216\260\345\270\202\345\234\272.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\244\215\347\216\260\345\270\202\345\234\272.md"
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "复现市场 [Replication Markets]",
+ "sort_key": "fuxianshichang",
+ "definition": "复现市场是一个供用户针对效应可复现性进行投注的场所。预测者将因准确预测而获得激励，最成功者能赢得金钱奖励或贡献者身份。复现市场运用科学界的集体智慧来预判哪些效应最有可能被复现，以此激励研究人员将有限资源投入这些效应的复制。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Citizen science",
+ "Crowdsourcing",
+ "Replicability",
+ "Reproducibility"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Liu, Y., Gordon, M., Wang, J., Bishop, M., Chen, Y., Pfeiffer, T., Twardy, C., & Viganola, D. (2020). Replication Markets: Results, Lessons, Challenges and Opportunities in AI Replication. ArXiv:2005.04543 . http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.04543",
+ "Tierney, W., Hardy III, J. H., Ebersole, C. R., Leavitt, K., Viganola, D., Clemente, E. G., & others. (2020). Creative destruction in science. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 161, 291–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.07.002",
+ "Tierney, W., Hardy III, J., Ebersole, C. R., Viganola, D., Clemente, E. G., Gordon, M., & others. (2021). A creative destruction approach to replication: Implicit work and sex morality across cultures. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 93, 104060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104060",
+ "Replication Markets. (n.d.). Replication Markets – Reliable research replicates…you can bet on it. Replication Markets. https://replicationmarkets.org/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Leticia Micheli",
+ "Sam Parsons"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\244\226\351\203\250\346\225\210\345\272\246.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\244\226\351\203\250\346\225\210\345\272\246.md"
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+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\244\226\351\203\250\346\225\210\345\272\246.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "外部效度 [External Validity]",
+ "sort_key": "waibuxiaodu",
+ "definition": "外部效度是指研究结果可以推广到研究环境之外的其他环境（例如，不同测量方法、情境设置、人物、地点和时间）的程度。从统计学上看，外部效度的挑战可能源于交互作用，即一个因素（自变量）的效应依赖于另一个因素（混淆变量）。研究设计本身（例如，实验室人工环境或非代表性样本）也会影响外部效度。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Constraints on Generality (COG)",
+ "Internal validity",
+ "Generalizability",
+ "Representativity",
+ "Validity"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Lynch, J. G., Jr. (1982). On the External Validity of Experiments in Consumer Research. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(3), 225. https://doi.org/10.1086/208919",
+ "Steckler, A., & McLeroy, K. R. (2008). The Importance of External Validity. American Journal of Public Health, 98(1), 9–10. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.126847"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Annalise A. LaPlume"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Kai Krautter",
+ "Oscar Lecuona",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\244\232\344\275\234\350\200\205\345\217\202\344\270\216.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\244\232\344\275\234\350\200\205\345\217\202\344\270\216.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..457c47a0ddf
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\244\232\344\275\234\350\200\205\345\217\202\344\270\216.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "多作者参与 [Many authors]",
+ "sort_key": "duozuozhecanyu",
+ "definition": "多作者参与是指涉及数十到数百名来自不同机构的作者的大型协作项目。近年来，这种方法在心理学和其他学科日趋普遍，逐渐取代了过去，尤其在1990年代的高能物理和生物医学领域，由小型团队开展研究的模式。这些大型国际科学联盟致力于开展合作研究项目，汇集广泛的专业知识，以协作方式撰写论文。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Collaboration",
+ "Consortia",
+ "Consortium authorship",
+ "Crowdsourcing",
+ "Hyperauthorship",
+ "Multiple-authors",
+ "Team science"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Cronin, B. (2001). Hyperauthorship: A postmodern perversion or evidence of a structural shift in scholarly communication practices? Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 52(7), 558–569. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.1097",
+ "Moshontz, H., Ebersole, C. R., Weston, S. J., & Klein, R. A. (2021). A guide for many authors: Writing manuscripts in large collaborations. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12590",
+ "Wuchty, S., Jones, B. F., & Uzzi, B. (2007). The increasing dominance of teams in production of knowledge. Science, 316(5827), 1036–1039. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1136099"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Yu-Fang Yang"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Christopher Graham",
+ "Adam Parker",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Birgit Schmidt",
+ "Beatrice Valentini"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\244\232\345\210\206\346\236\220\350\200\205\347\240\224\347\251\266.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\244\232\345\210\206\346\236\220\350\200\205\347\240\224\347\251\266.md"
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "多分析者研究 [Multi-Analyst Studies]",
+ "sort_key": "duofenxizheyanjiu",
+ "definition": "在典型实证研究中，分析通常由单个研究人员或团队完成，这使得人们难以确定分析方法的选择在多大程度上影响了研究结果。在多分析者研究中，两名或以上研究人员对同一数据集进行独立分析，以检验同一研究问题或假设。多分析者方法有助于提升对特定发现的信心，揭示不同研究团队的分析偏好的影响，并突出不同分析方法的差异（Aczel et al., 2021）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Analytic flexibility",
+ "Crowdsourcing science",
+ "Data Analysis",
+ "Garden of Forking Paths",
+ "Multiverse Analysis",
+ "Researcher Degrees of Freedom",
+ "Scientific Transparency"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Aczel, B., Szaszi, B., Nilsonne, G., Van den Akker, O., Albers, C. J., van Assen, M. A. L. M., ..., & Wagenmakers, E. (2021). Guidance for Multi-Analyst Studies. https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/5ecnh",
+ "Silberzahn, R., Uhlmann, E. L., Martin, D. P., Anselmi, P., Aust, F., Awtrey, E., Bahník, Š., Bai, F., Bannard, C., Bonnier, E., & others. (2018). Many Analysts, One Data Set: Making Transparent How Variations in Analytic Choices Affect Results. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 337–356. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245917747646"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Sam Parsons"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Tsvetomira Dumbalska",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "William Ngiam",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Graham Reid",
+ "Barnabas Szaszi",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\244\232\345\256\236\351\252\214\345\256\244\345\215\217\344\275\234.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\244\232\345\256\236\351\252\214\345\256\244\345\215\217\344\275\234.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..379a0c9a61b
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@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "多实验室协作 [Many Labs]",
+ "sort_key": "duoshiyanshixiezuo",
+ "definition": "多实验室协作是指一项由开放科学合作组织（Open Science Collaboration）于2015年发起的众包倡议，即来自不同大学的数百个独立研究小组对已发表的研究结果进行复现研究。这项倡议被称为“Many Labs I”，随后又开展了“Many Labs II”，重点评估在不同样本和情景下的复现研究的结果差异。此类项目还包括 ManyBabies、EEGManyLabs 和心理科学加速器等。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Collaboration",
+ "Many analysts",
+ "Many Labs I",
+ "Many Labs II",
+ "Open Science Collaboration",
+ "Replication"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Ebersole, C. R., Atherton, O. E., Belanger, A. L., Skulborstad, H. M., Allen, J. M., Banks, J. B., & Nosek, B. A. (2016). Many Labs 3: Evaluating participant pool quality across the academic semester via replication. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 67, 68–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2015.10.012",
+ "Frank, M. C., Bergelson, E., Bergmann, C., Cristia, A., Floccia, C., Gervain, J., Hamlin, J. K., Hannon, E. E., Kline, M., Levelt, C., Lew-Williams, C., Nazzi, T., Panneton, R., Rabagliati, H., Soderstrom, M., Sullivan, J., Waxman, S., & Yurovsky, D. (2017). A Collaborative Approach to Infant Research: Promoting Reproducibility, Best Practices, and Theory-Building. Infancy, 22, 421–435. https://doi.org/10.1111/infa.12182",
+ "Klein, R. A., Ratliff, K. A., Vianello, M., Adams, R. B., Bahník, Š., Bernstein, M. J., & et al. (2014). Investigating variation in replicability: A “many labs” replication project. Social Psychology, 45, 142–152. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000178",
+ "Klein, R. A., Vianello, M., Hasselman, F., Adams, B. G., Adams, R. B., Alper, S., & … Nosek, B. A. (2018). Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(4), 443–490. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918810225",
+ "Moshontz, H., Campbell, L., Ebersole, C. R., IJzerman, H., Urry, H. L., Forscher, P. S., & Chartier, C. R. (2018). The Psychological Science Accelerator: Advancing psychology through a distributed collaborative network. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(4), 501–515. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918797607",
+ "Pavlov, Y. G., Adamian, N., Appelhoff, S., Arvaneh, M., Benwell, C., Beste, C., & Mushtaq, F. (2020). #EEGManyLabs: Investigating the Replicability of Influential EEG Experiments. PsyArXiv Preprint. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/528nr"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Sam Parsons"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Mirela Zaneva"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\244\232\346\240\267\346\200\247.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\244\232\346\240\267\346\200\247.md"
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\244\232\346\240\267\346\200\247.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "多样性 [Diversity]",
+ "sort_key": "duoyangxing",
+ "definition": "多样性是指个体间在能力、年龄、信念、认知、国籍、残障、民族、性别、语言、种族、宗教和性取向等方面的差异。多样性可以指研究人员的多样性（谁在进行研究），样本的多样性（谁被纳入研究）以及观点的多样性（研究人员如何将自身的观点和信念融入工作中；Syed & Kathawalla, 2020）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Bropenscience",
+ "BIZARRE",
+ "Decolonisation",
+ "Double Consciousness",
+ "Equity",
+ "Inclusion",
+ "STRANGE",
+ "WEIRD"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Syed, M., & Kathawalla, U. (2020). Cultural Psychology, Diversity, and Representation in Open Science. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/t7hp2"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Ryan Millager; Mariella Paul"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Madeleine Ingham",
+ "Annalise A. LaPlume",
+ "Wanyin Li",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Olly Robertson",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\244\232\351\207\215\345\210\206\346\236\220.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\244\232\351\207\215\345\210\206\346\236\220.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "多重分析 [Multiverse analysis]",
+ "sort_key": "duozhongfenxi",
+ "definition": "多重分析是指通过采用所有潜在且合理的数据处理和统计分析流程来检验单一假设的分析方法。在数据多重分析中，通过应用所有可能的合理预处理组合，将单一数据集处理成多个数据集。在模型多重分析中，将不同的合理统计模型应用于同一数据，以检验相同假设。随后，对所有数据集进行统计分析，并报告所有结果，从而提高透明度，同时展示结果在不同数据处理（多重数据）或统计模型（多重模型）下的稳健性。多重分析与规范曲线分析的区别在于其可视化呈现方式：前者使用直方图和瓦片图（又称热力图），而后者则使用规范曲线图进行展示。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Garden of forking paths",
+ "Robustness (analyses)",
+ "Specification curve analysis",
+ "Vibration of effects"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Del Giudice, M., & Gangestad, S. W. (2021). A traveler’s guide to the multiverse: Promises, pitfalls, and a framework for the evaluation of analytic decisions. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 4(1), 2515245920954925. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245920954925",
+ "Steegen, S., Tuerlinckx, F., Gelman, A., & Vanpaemel, W. (2016). Increasing Transparency through a Multiverse Analysis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11, 702–712. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616658637"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Tina Lonsdorf; Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Adrien Fillon",
+ "William Ngiam",
+ "Sam Parsons"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\244\232\351\207\215\346\200\247.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\244\232\351\207\215\346\200\247.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..59f3b26c435
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\244\232\351\207\215\346\200\247.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "多重性 [Multiplicity]",
+ "sort_key": "duozhongxing",
+ "definition": "多次统计检验（例如，对多个结果、多个随访时间点或多个亚组进行分析）可能会导致第一类错误率（即错误地拒绝零假设）膨胀。为了应对多重性问题，研究人员通常使用控制程序（例如，Bonferroni校正、Holm-Bonferroni校正、Tukey校正）来校正α值，从而控制第一类错误的膨胀。但与此同时，这一操作可能会增加第二类错误（即错误地接受零假设）的风险。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Alpha",
+ "False Discovery Rate",
+ "Multiple comparisons problem",
+ "Multiple testing",
+ "Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST)"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Sato, T. (1996). Type I and Type II error in multiple comparisons. The Journal of Psychology, 130(3), 293–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1996.9915010",
+ "Schulz, K. F., & Grimes, D. A. (2005). Multiplicity in randomised trials I: endpoints and treatments. The Lancet, 365(9470), 1591–1595. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66461-6"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Aidan Cashin"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Meng Liu",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\244\247\345\236\213\345\274\200\346\224\276\345\274\217\345\234\250\347\272\277\350\256\272\346\226\207.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\244\247\345\236\213\345\274\200\346\224\276\345\274\217\345\234\250\347\272\277\350\256\272\346\226\207.md"
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\244\247\345\236\213\345\274\200\346\224\276\345\274\217\345\234\250\347\272\277\350\256\272\346\226\207.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "大型开放式在线论文 [Massively Open Online Papers (MOOPs)]",
+ "sort_key": "daxingkaifangshizaixianlunwen",
+ "definition": "大型开放式在线论文（Massively Open Online Papers，简称MOOPs）与传统的协作论文不同，它遵循开放参与式的动态模式，不预先确定作者名单，任何人都能参与其中。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Citizen science",
+ "Collaboration",
+ "Crowdsourced Research",
+ "Many authors",
+ "Team science"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Himmelstein, D. S., Rubinetti, V., Slochower, D. R., Hu, D., Malladi, V. S., Greene, C. S., & Gitter, A. (2019). Open collaborative writing with Manubot. PLOS Computational Biology, 15(6), e1007128. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007128",
+ "Tennant, J., Bielczyk, N. Z., Greshake Tzovaras, B., Masuzzo, P., & Steiner, T. (2019). Introducing Massively Open Online Papers (MOOPs). MetaArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/et8ak"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\244\247\345\236\213\345\274\200\346\224\276\345\274\217\345\234\250\347\272\277\350\257\276\347\250\213.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\244\247\345\236\213\345\274\200\346\224\276\345\274\217\345\234\250\347\272\277\350\257\276\347\250\213.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "大型开放式在线课程 [Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)]",
+ "sort_key": "daxingkaifangshizaixiankecheng",
+ "definition": "大型开放式在线课程（Massive Open Online Courses，简称MOOCs）是完全在线的课程，所有学习者均可随时访问，课程通常免费但不一定有开放许可，内容包括视频教学和可下载的数据集和练习材料。所谓“大规模”是指课程具有灵活性、低成本或免费以及材料可在线获取的特点，使得大量学生可以随时参与。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Accessibility",
+ "Distance education",
+ "Inclusion",
+ "Open learning"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Baturay, M. H. (2015). An overview of the world of MOOCs. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 427–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.685"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Elizabeth Collins"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Tsvetomira Dumbalska",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\245\263\346\200\247\344\270\273\344\271\211\345\277\203\347\220\206\345\255\246.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\245\263\346\200\247\344\270\273\344\271\211\345\277\203\347\220\206\345\255\246.md"
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\245\263\346\200\247\344\270\273\344\271\211\345\277\203\347\220\206\345\255\246.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "女性主义心理学 [Feminist psychology]",
+ "sort_key": "nvxingzhuyixinlixue",
+ "definition": "女性主义心理学关注性别和性议题，核心是代表性、多样性、包容性、可及性和平等。它起初源于对女孩和女性生活经历的关注，但现已演变为对所有平等议题更细致、交叉和全面的关注（Eagly & Riger, 2014）。在开放科学领域，女性主义心理学家提倡更严格地考虑平等、多样性和包容性（Pownall et al., 2021）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Inclusion",
+ "Positionality",
+ "Reflexivity",
+ "Under-representation",
+ "Equity"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Eagly, A. H., & Riger, S. (2014). Feminism and psychology: Critiques of methods and epistemology. American Psychologist, 69(7), 685–702. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037372",
+ "Grzanka, P. R. (2020). From buzzword to critical psychology: An invitation to take intersectionality seriously. Women & Therapy, 43(3–4), 244–261.",
+ "Pownall, M., Talbot, C. V., Henschel, A., Lautarescu, A., Lloyd, K. E., Hartmann, H., Darda, K. M., Tang, K. T. Y., Carmichael-Murphy, P., & Siegel, J. A. (2021). Navigating Open Science as Early Career Feminist Researchers. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 45(4), 526–539. https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843211029255 Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03616843211029255"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Madeleine Pownall"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Kai Krautter",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\247\223\345\220\215\346\255\247\344\271\211\351\227\256\351\242\230.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\247\223\345\220\215\346\255\247\344\271\211\351\227\256\351\242\230.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c0ca5eff18e
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\247\223\345\220\215\346\255\247\344\271\211\351\227\256\351\242\230.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "姓名歧义问题 [Name Ambiguity Problem]",
+ "sort_key": "xingmingqiyiwenti",
+ "definition": "贡献归属问题通常由两方面引起：一是作者可能使用多个姓名或化名；二是在同一领域内可能有多个作者使用相同的全名。这导致我们仅凭姓名和专业难以准确区分作者。采用独特的数字标识符（如ORCID）来识别作者，类似数字指纹，能够有效解决这一问题。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Authorship",
+ "DOI (digital object identifier)",
+ "ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID)"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Wilson, B., & Fenner, M. (2012). Open Researcher & Contributor ID (ORCID): Solving the Name Ambiguity Problem. Educause Review - E-Content, 47(3), 54–55. https://er.educause.edu/articles/2012/5/open-researcher--contributor-id-orcid-solving-the-name-ambiguity-problem"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Shannon Francis"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Tsvetomira Dumbalska",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Wanyin Li",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\255\230\345\202\250\345\272\223.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\255\230\345\202\250\345\272\223.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5bf04ffe4bb
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\255\230\345\202\250\345\272\223.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "存储库 [Repository]",
+ "sort_key": "cunchuku",
+ "definition": "存储库是一个储存数字对象的在线存档系统，涵盖研究成果、手稿、代码及数据。典型代表包括预印本服务器（如bioRxiv、MetaArXiv、PsyArXiv）、机构研究存储库、数据存储库（如zenodo.org、PsychData）、代码存储库（如Github），以及通用研究数据存储库（如开放科学框架）。这类系统通过标准化的元数据对存储内容进行描述，实现了不同存储位置间资源的跨系统检索与发现。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Data sharing",
+ "Github",
+ "Metadata",
+ "Open Access",
+ "Open data",
+ "Open Material",
+ "Open Science Framework",
+ "Open Source",
+ "Preprint"
+ ],
+ "references": [],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Tina Lonsdorf"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Gilad Feldman",
+ "Connor Keating",
+ "Mariella Paul",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\255\246\346\234\257\345\275\261\345\223\215.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\255\246\346\234\257\345\275\261\345\223\215.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..08be8747bdf
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\255\246\346\234\257\345\275\261\345\223\215.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "学术影响 [Academic Impact]",
+ "sort_key": "xueshuyingxiang",
+ "definition": "研究成果（如已发表的论文）于学科内外，在推动理解的转变以及促进科学理论、方法和应用等方面所作出的贡献。影响力也可以指研究成果或计划在学术界外的影响，如社会和经济影响（参见经济和社会研究理事会Economic and Social Research Council（ESRC）：https://esrc.ukri.org/research/impact-toolkit/what-is-impact/）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Beneficiaries",
+ "DORA",
+ "Reach",
+ "REF"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Anon. (2021). What is impact?. Retrieved from https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Connor Keating"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Myriam A. Baum",
+ "Adam Parker",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Suzanne L. K. Stewart",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\256\232\346\200\247\347\240\224\347\251\266.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\256\232\346\200\247\347\240\224\347\251\266.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d2942bc9f0c
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\256\232\346\200\247\347\240\224\347\251\266.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "定性研究 [Qualitative research]",
+ "sort_key": "dingxingyanjiu",
+ "definition": "定性研究是指运用文本、图像、视频等非数值型数据，深入探究概念、理论或经验的研究方法。定性研究涵盖多种方法，包括对语言的微观剖析，对个体主观经验的聚焦，以及对宏观层面社会经验与观点的挖掘。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Bracketing Interviews",
+ "Positionality",
+ "Quantitative research",
+ "Reflexivity"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Aspers, P., & Corte, U. (2019). What is qualitative in qualitative research. Qualitative Sociology, 42(2), 139–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11133-019-9413-7",
+ "Levitt, H. M., Motulsky, S. L., Wertz, F. J., Morrow, S. L., & Ponterotto, J. G. (2017). Recommendations for designing and reviewing qualitative research in psychology: Promoting methodological integrity. Qualitative Psychology, 4(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.1037/qup0000082"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Madeleine Pownall"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Oscar Lecuona",
+ "Claire Melia",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\256\232\351\207\217\347\240\224\347\251\266.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\256\232\351\207\217\347\240\224\347\251\266.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b18363c3781
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\256\232\351\207\217\347\240\224\347\251\266.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "定量研究 [Quantitative research]",
+ "sort_key": "dingliangyanjiu",
+ "definition": "定量研究涵盖多样化方法，通过使用可用于统计分析的数值型数据系统探讨各种现象。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Measuring",
+ "Qualitative research",
+ "Sample size",
+ "Statistical power",
+ "Statistics"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Goertzen, M. J. (2017). Introduction to Quantitative Research and Data. Library Technology Reports, 53(4), 12–18."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Aoife O’Mahony"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Valeria Agostini",
+ "Tamara Kalandadze",
+ "Adam Parker"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\256\242\350\247\202\346\200\247.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\256\242\350\247\202\346\200\247.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bf53c4c27ab
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\256\242\350\247\202\346\200\247.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "客观性 [Objectivity]",
+ "sort_key": "keguanxing",
+ "definition": "科学主张、方法和结果应保持价值观自由和无偏见，避免文化、政治、种族或宗教偏见，以及个人利益的干扰（Merton, 1942）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Communality",
+ "Mertonian norms",
+ "Neutrality"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Macfarlane, B., & Cheng, M. (2008). Communism, Universalism and Disinterestedness: Re-examining Contemporary Support among Academics for Merton’s Scientific Norms. Journal of Academic Ethics, 6(1), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-008-9055-y",
+ "Merton, R. K. (1942). A note on science and democracy. Journal of Legal and Political Sociology, 1, 115–126. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110375008-013"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Ryan Millager"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Madeleine Ingham",
+ "Kai Krautter",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\257\271\346\212\227\346\200\247_\345\220\210\344\275\234\346\200\247_\350\257\204\350\256\272.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\257\271\346\212\227\346\200\247_\345\220\210\344\275\234\346\200\247_\350\257\204\350\256\272.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..95320cf2272
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\257\271\346\212\227\346\200\247_\345\220\210\344\275\234\346\200\247_\350\257\204\350\256\272.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "对抗性（合作性）评论 [Adversarial (collaborative) commentary]",
+ "sort_key": "duikangxing（hezuoxing）pinglun",
+ "definition": "一种评论形式，由某项研究工作的原作者和其批评者联手撰写一份共识声明。其目标是撰写一篇不含人身攻击的评论，传递双方的共同理解，或至少厘清双方的共识和分歧。通过这种方式，评论为读者提供了明确的结论和未来的方向，而非让读者在两篇各执己见的评论中自行判断孰是孰非。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Adversarial collaboration",
+ "Collaborative commentary"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Heyman, T., Moors, P., & Rabagliati, H. (2020). The benefits of adversarial collaboration for commentaries. Nature Human Behavior, 4, 1217. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-00978-6",
+ "Rabagliati, H., Moors, P., & Heyman, T. (2019). Can item effects explain away the evidence for unconscious sound symbolism? An adversarial commentary on Heyman, Maerten, Vankrunkelsven, Voorspoels, and Moors (2019). Psychological Science, 31(9), 1200–1204. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797620949461",
+ "Silberzahn, R., Simonsohn, U., & Ulhmann, E. L. (2014). Matched-names analysis reveals no evidence of name-meaning effects: A collaborative commentary on Silberzahn and Uhlmann (2013). Psychological Science, 25(7), 1504–1505. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797614533802"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Steven Verheyen"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Emma Henderson",
+ "Michele C. Lim",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\257\271\346\212\227\346\200\247\345\220\210\344\275\234.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\257\271\346\212\227\346\200\247\345\220\210\344\275\234.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3ee55bb2dc2
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\257\271\346\212\227\346\200\247\345\220\210\344\275\234.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "对抗性合作 [Adversarial collaboration]",
+ "sort_key": "duikangxinghezuo",
+ "definition": "一种合作模式，即两位或多位在理论上持不同或对立观点的研究人员，在同一项目中携手合作，即便他们对研究结果的预测相左。其目的是最大限度地减少偏见与方法上的漏洞，同时构建一个相互竞争的理论都必须对此作出解释的共同事实基础。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Collaboration",
+ "Many Analysts",
+ "Many Labs",
+ "Preregistration",
+ "Publication bias (File Drawer Problem)"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Bateman, I., Kahneman, D., Munro, A., Starmer, C., & Sugden, R. (2005). Testing competing models of loss aversion: An adversarial collaboration. Journal of Public Economics, 89(8), 1561–1580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2004.06.013",
+ "Cowan, N., Belletier, C., Doherty, J. M., Jaroslawska, A. J., Rhodes, S., Forsberg, A., & Logie, R. H. (2020). How do scientific views change? Notes from an extended adversarial collaboration. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 15(4), 1011–1025. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620906415",
+ "Kerr, N. L., Ao, X., Hogg, M. A., & Zhang, J. (2018). Addressing replicability concerns via adversarial collaboration: Discovering hidden moderators of the minimal intergroup discrimination effect. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 78, 66–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2018.05.001",
+ "Mellers, B., Hertwig, R., & Kahneman, D. (2001). Do frequency representations eliminate conjunction effects? An exercise in adversarial collaboration. Psychological Science, 12(4), 269–275. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00350",
+ "Rakow, T., Thompson, V., Ball, L., & Markovits, H. (2014). Rationale and guidelines for empirical adversarial collaboration: A Thinking & Reasoning initiative. Thinking & Reasoning, 21(2), 167–175. https://doi.org/10.1080/13546783.2015.975405"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Siu Kit Yeung"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Matt Jaquiery",
+ "Aoife O’Mahony",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Flávio Azevedo",
+ "Madeleine Pownall",
+ "Martin Vasilev"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\260\275\350\264\243\347\232\204\347\240\224\347\251\266\344\270\216\345\210\233\346\226\260.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\260\275\350\264\243\347\232\204\347\240\224\347\251\266\344\270\216\345\210\233\346\226\260.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..27e330d3dc4
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\260\275\350\264\243\347\232\204\347\240\224\347\251\266\344\270\216\345\210\233\346\226\260.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "尽责的研究与创新 [Responsible Research and Innovation]",
+ "sort_key": "jinzedeyanjiuyuchuangxin",
+ "definition": "尽责的研究与创新是一种考虑社会影响和期望的研究方法，旨在促进包容性和可持续性。其核心理念在于，科学探索并非孤立存在，而是会产生广泛社会影响，且研究动机往往超越了单纯的知识追求。因此，资助机构、研究团队、利益相关方、社会活动人士以及公众等多方主体均对推动尽责研究具有重要作用。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Citizen Science",
+ "Public Engagement",
+ "Transdisciplinary Research"
+ ],
+ "references": [],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Ana Barbosa Mendes"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Joanne McCuaig",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Graham Reid"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276_\345\217\257\351\235\240_\351\200\217\346\230\216\347\232\204\347\224\237\346\200\201\344\270\216\350\277\233\345\214\226\347\224\237\347\211\251\345\255\246\345\255\246\344\274\232.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276_\345\217\257\351\235\240_\351\200\217\346\230\216\347\232\204\347\224\237\346\200\201\344\270\216\350\277\233\345\214\226\347\224\237\347\211\251\345\255\246\345\255\246\344\274\232.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0136fe47be7
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276_\345\217\257\351\235\240_\351\200\217\346\230\216\347\232\204\347\224\237\346\200\201\344\270\216\350\277\233\345\214\226\347\224\237\347\211\251\345\255\246\345\255\246\344\274\232.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "开放、可靠、透明的生态与进化生物学学会 [Society for Open, Reliable, and Transparent Ecology and Evolutionary biology (SORTEE)]",
+ "sort_key": "kaifang、kekao、toumingdeshengtaiyujinhuashengwuxuexuehui",
+ "definition": "开放、可靠、透明的生态与进化生物学学会（Society for Open, Reliable, and Transparent Ecology and Evolutionary biology，简称SORTEE; https://www.sortee.org/）是一个致力于通过文化和制度变革来推动生态学、进化及相关学科领域研究透明度和可靠性提升的国际组织。该组织成立于2020年12月，诚邀有志于提升上述领域研究质量的人士加入，不论资历深浅。SORTEE具备全球视野，其成员构成、服务范围与发展目标均具国际性。截至2021年5月，其会员人数已逾600名。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Society for the Improvement of Psychological Science (SIPS)"
+ ],
+ "references": [],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Brice Beffara Bret; Dominique Roche"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Sarah Ashcroft-Jones",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Graham Reid"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\344\273\243\347\240\201.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\344\273\243\347\240\201.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..22eff348f9f
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\344\273\243\347\240\201.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "开放代码 [Open Code]",
+ "sort_key": "kaifangdaima",
+ "definition": "将计算机代码（例如，编程、分析代码、刺激生成等）公开、免费提供，以确保研究方法和分析的透明性，并允许重复使用和协作。代码可以通过开放代码网站发布，例如GitHub、开放科学框架（Open Science Framework）和Codeshare等，供他人评估和纠正错误，并供后续研究重复使用和修改。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Computational Reproducibility",
+ "Open Access",
+ "Open Licensing",
+ "Open Material",
+ "Open Source",
+ "Open Source Software",
+ "Reproducibility",
+ "Syntax"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Easterbrook, S. M. (2014). Open code for open science? Nature Geoscience, 7(11), 779–781. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2283"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Elizabeth Collins",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Christopher Graham",
+ "Emma Henderson"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\345\217\257\351\207\215\345\244\215\347\240\224\347\251\266\344\270\216\346\225\231\345\255\246\346\241\206\346\236\266.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\345\217\257\351\207\215\345\244\215\347\240\224\347\251\266\344\270\216\346\225\231\345\255\246\346\241\206\346\236\266.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..15ae1e77d15
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\345\217\257\351\207\215\345\244\215\347\240\224\347\251\266\344\270\216\346\225\231\345\255\246\346\241\206\346\236\266.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "开放可重复研究与教学框架 [FORRT]",
+ "sort_key": "kaifangkechongfuyanjiuyujiaoxuekuangjia",
+ "definition": "开放可重复研究与教学框架（Framework of Open Reproducible Research and Teaching，简称 FORRT）旨在提供一套教育基础设施，与典型学科内容相结合，促进高等教育中开放和可重复研究的教学与指导。FORRT致力于成为一个高效、动态和社区驱动的组织，提升人们对开放与可重复科学的教学意义及其相关挑战（例如，课程改革、认识论的不确定性、教育方法）的认识。FORRT还倡导开放教学与指导资源，以便为那些可能在教育上处于弱势的人群提供获取、发现和学习的机会。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Integrating open and reproducible science tenets into higher education"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Forrt. (2019). Introducing a Framework for Open and Reproducible Research Training (FORRT). Open Science Framework. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/bnh7p"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Tamara Kalandadze"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\345\220\214\350\241\214\350\257\204\345\256\241.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\345\220\214\350\241\214\350\257\204\345\256\241.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c043ae788fb
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\345\220\214\350\241\214\350\257\204\345\256\241.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "开放同行评审 [Open Peer Review]",
+ "sort_key": "kaifangtonghangpingshen",
+ "definition": "一种学术评审机制，在这一机制中，作者与审稿人之间的身份信息，以及同行评审报告和编辑决定信，可以在同行评议或出版过程中的任何阶段，或在其完成后，彼此披露或向公众公开。该机制还可以指，取消审稿人资质限制及评审平台准入限制的实践。需要注意，“开放同行评审”一词在实际使用中常被混指上述任意或全部实践形式。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Non-anonymised peer review",
+ "Open science",
+ "PRO (peer review openness) initiative",
+ "Transparent peer review"
+ ],
+ "references": [],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Sonia Rishi"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Yuki Yamada",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\345\255\246\346\234\257.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\345\255\246\346\234\257.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..953407b74f5
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\345\255\246\346\234\257.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "开放学术 [Open Scholarship]",
+ "sort_key": "kaifangxueshu",
+ "definition": "“开放学术”通常被视为“开放科学”的同义词，但它可扩展到所有学科，包括那些非传统的科学学科。它反映了一种理念，即所有知识无论种类都应当开放共享、透明、严格、可重复、可复现、累积、包容（包括所有知识体系）。开放学术涵盖了所有不限于研究的学术活动，比如教学和教育学。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Bropenscience",
+ "Decolonisation",
+ "Knowledge",
+ "Open Research",
+ "Open Science"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Tennant, J., Beamer, J. E., Bosman, J., Brembs, B., Chung, N. C., Clement, G., Crick, T., Dugan, J., Dunning, A., Eccles, D., Enkhbayar, A., Graziotin, D., Harding, R., Havemann, J., Katz, D. S., Khanal, K., Kjaer, J. N., Koder, T., Macklin, P., & Turner, A. (2019). Foundations for Open Scholarship Strategy Development. MetaArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/b4v8p"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Gerald Vineyard"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Zoe Flack",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\345\255\246\346\234\257\347\237\245\350\257\206\345\272\223.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\345\255\246\346\234\257\347\237\245\350\257\206\345\272\223.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5fb04105285
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\345\255\246\346\234\257\347\237\245\350\257\206\345\272\223.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "开放学术知识库 [Open Scholarship Knowledge Base]",
+ "sort_key": "kaifangxueshuzhishiku",
+ "definition": "开放学术知识库（Open Scholarship Knowledge Base，简称OSKB）是一项协作性倡议，旨在分享有关开放学术内容、原因和方式的核心知识，让这些知识更易于获取和应用。OSKB由社区共同策划和创建信息，强调参与性，是开放科学中心旗下的一个社区，致力于开放学术知识的传播。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Center for Open Science (COS), Open Educational Resources (OERs)",
+ "Open scholarship",
+ "Open Science"
+ ],
+ "references": [],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Samuel Guay",
+ "Tamara Kalandadze"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\346\225\231\350\202\262\350\265\204\346\272\220.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\346\225\231\350\202\262\350\265\204\346\272\220.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1390e498cca
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\346\225\231\350\202\262\350\265\204\346\272\220.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "开放教育资源 [Open Educational Resources (OERs)]",
+ "sort_key": "kaifangjiaoyuziyuan",
+ "definition": "开放教育资源是指由其创作者授权，允许他人修改和改进的学习材料。创作者（个人或组织）通过知识共享许可协议等法律工具，放弃部分（或全部）版权，使得其他人可以自由访问、重用、翻译和修改这些教育资源。这些资源包括演示文稿幻灯片、播客、教学大纲、图像、课程计划、讲座视频、地图、工作表甚至整本教科书。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Accessibility",
+ "FORRT",
+ "Open access",
+ "Open Licenses",
+ "Open Material"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Opensource.Com. (n.d.). What is open education? Retrieved 9 July 2021. https://opensource.com/resources/what-open-education"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Aleksandra Lazić"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Steven Verheyen",
+ "Elizabeth Collins"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\346\225\231\350\202\262\350\265\204\346\272\220\345\234\250\347\272\277\345\272\223.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\346\225\231\350\202\262\350\265\204\346\272\220\345\234\250\347\272\277\345\272\223.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f3398299c8d
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\346\225\231\350\202\262\350\265\204\346\272\220\345\234\250\347\272\277\345\272\223.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "开放教育资源在线库 [Open Educational Resources (OER) Commons]",
+ "sort_key": "kaifangjiaoyuziyuanzaixianku",
+ "definition": "开放教育资源在线库（Open Educational Resources Commons，简称OER Commons）是一个免费、可访问的在线库，允许教师创建、共享和重新混合教育资源。OER运动的目标是促进“协作教学与学习”（https://www.oercommons.org/about），并提供人人可及的高质量教育资源。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Equity",
+ "FORRT",
+ "Inclusion",
+ "Open Scholarship Knowledge Base",
+ "Open Science Framework"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "OER Commons. (n.d.). OER Commons. https://www.oercommons.org/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif, Gisela H. Govaart"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\346\225\260\346\215\256.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\346\225\260\346\215\256.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e582a08d9d4
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\346\225\260\346\215\256.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "开放数据 [Open Data]",
+ "sort_key": "kaifangshuju",
+ "definition": "开放数据是指可被他人自由获取且不受限制使用的数据，“开放数据和内容可被任何人出于任何目的地自由使用、修改和共享（https://opendefinition.org/）。开放数据须遵循署名和相同方式共享的要求，因此需要考虑合适的开放许可。敏感数据或时效性较强的数据集可以设置封锁期或提供选择性访问机制，以确保数据完整性。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Badges (Open Science)",
+ "Data availability",
+ "FAIR principles",
+ "Metadata",
+ "Open Licenses",
+ "Open Material",
+ "Reproducibility",
+ "Secondary data analysis"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Definition, T. O. (n.d.). The Open Definition—Open Definition—Defining Open in Open Data, Open Content and Open Knowledge. Open Knowledge Foundation. https://opendefinition.org/",
+ "Handbook, O. D. (n.d.). What is Open Data? Retrieved 9 July 2021. https://opendatahandbook.org/guide/en/what-is-open-data/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Lisa Spitzer"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Sarah Ashcroft-Jones",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Matt Jaquiery",
+ "Flávio Azevedo",
+ "Ross Mounce",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Steven Verheyen"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\346\235\220\346\226\231.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\346\235\220\346\226\231.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c87e113bbd7
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\346\235\220\346\226\231.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "开放材料 [Open Material]",
+ "sort_key": "kaifangcailiao",
+ "definition": "开放材料指作者公开分享研究中使用的材料，如调查问卷、刺激材料和实验程序（Kidwell et al., 2016, p.3）。数字共享的材料将上传至开放获取存储库，供公众自由获取和访问。根据许可协议，其他研究人员可以自由使用这些材料进行自己的研究。对于不能数字共享的组件（如生物材料、设备），必须提供充分的描述，以确保研究的可重复性。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Badges (Open Science)",
+ "Credibility of scientific claims",
+ "FAIR principles",
+ "Open Access",
+ "Open Code",
+ "Open Data",
+ "Reproducibility",
+ "Transparency"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Blohowiak, B. B., Cohoon, J., de Wit, L., Eich, E., Farach, F. J., Hasselman, F., & others. (2020). Badges to Acknowledge Open Practices. Retrieved from https://osf.io/tvyxz",
+ "Kidwell, M. C., Lazarević, L. B., Baranski, E., Hardwicke, T. E., Piechowski, S., Falkenberg, L. S., & Nosek, B. A. (2016). Badges to acknowledge open practices: A simple, low-cost, effective method for increasing transparency. PLoS Biology, 14(5), e1002456. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002456"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Lisa Spitzer"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Olly Robertson",
+ "Emily A. Williams",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\346\274\202\347\231\275.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\346\274\202\347\231\275.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..300481c1e45
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\346\274\202\347\231\275.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "开放漂白 [Open washing]",
+ "sort_key": "kaifangpiaobai",
+ "definition": "“开放漂白”这一术语源于“绿色漂白”，指机构假借开放之名，博取开放实践所附带的严谨性与学术声誉的行为。该词通常用于形容一些软件公司的营销策略，即表面看似开源且具有开放许可，实际上延续了专有软件做法。对于真正践行开放科学的群体而言，开放漂白正成为日益严峻的问题：一方面，误导性操作削弱了开放实践的公信力；另一方面，本该推动学科进步的举措，因缺乏严格质量控制而沦为形式主义的“勾选框”行为。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Open Access",
+ "Open Data",
+ "Open Source"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Farrow, R. (2017). Open Education and Critical Pedagogy. Learning, Media and Technology, 42(2), 130–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2016.1113991",
+ "Moretti, M. (2020). Beyond Open-washing: Are Narratives the Future of Open Data Portals? Medium Blog. https://medium.com/nightingale/beyond-open-washing-are-stories-and-narratives-the-future-of-open-data-portals-93228d8882f3",
+ "Villum, C. (2016). “Open-washing” – The difference between opening your data and simply making them available. https://blog.okfn.org/2014/03/10/open-washing-the-difference-between-opening-your-data-and-simply-making-them-available/",
+ "Vlaeminck, S., & Podkrajac, F. (2017). Journals in Economic Sciences: Paying Lip Service to Reproducible Research? IASSIST Quarterly, 41(1–4), 16. https://doi.org/10.29173/iq6"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Meng Liu"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Thomas Rhys Evans",
+ "Sam Guay",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Beatrice Valentini"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\347\240\224\347\251\266\350\200\205\345\222\214\350\264\241\347\214\256\350\200\205id.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\347\240\224\347\251\266\350\200\205\345\222\214\350\264\241\347\214\256\350\200\205id.md"
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\347\240\224\347\251\266\350\200\205\345\222\214\350\264\241\347\214\256\350\200\205id.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "开放研究者和贡献者ID [ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID)]",
+ "sort_key": "kaifangyanjiuzhehegongxianzheid",
+ "definition": "ORCID是一个为研究人员和学者提供永久唯一标识符（ORCID iD）注册服务的组织，允许用户将数字研究成果和其他学术贡献与其ORCID记录关联。通过使用ORCID，可以有效解决学术交流中的姓名歧义问题。ORCID iD提供永久且唯一的标识符，能够连接研究人员与其学术成就。注册ORCID iD完全免费，注册网址为 https://orcid.org/register。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Authorship",
+ "DOI (digital object identifier)",
+ "Name Ambiguity Problem"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Haak, L. L., Fenner, M., Paglione, L., Pentz, E., & Ratner, H. (2012). ORCID: A system to uniquely identify researchers. Learned Publishing, 25(4), 259–264. https://doi.org/10.1087/20120404",
+ "ORCID. (n.d.). ORCID. https://orcid.org/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Martin Vasilev"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Bradley Baker",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Shannon Francis",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Emily A. Williams",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\347\247\221\345\255\246.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\347\247\221\345\255\246.md"
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\347\247\221\345\255\246.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "开放科学 [Open Science]",
+ "sort_key": "kaifangkexue",
+ "definition": "开放科学是一个总括性术语，反映了一个理念，即所有种类的科学知识，都应当在适当条件下具备公开、透明、严格、可重复、可复现、积累性和包容性等特点，这些被认为是科学事业的基本特征。开放科学包括推动透明、可信、可重复和可访问科学的行为和原则，它们共同支持科学的进步。开放科学有六个主要方面：开放数据、开放方法论、开放资源、开放获取、开放同行评审和开放教育资源。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Accessibility",
+ "Credibility",
+ "Open Data",
+ "Open Material",
+ "Open Peer Review",
+ "Open Research",
+ "Open Science Practices",
+ "Open Scholarship",
+ "Reproducibility crisis (aka Replicability or replication crisis)",
+ "Reproducibility",
+ "Transparency"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Abele-Brehm, A. E., Gollwitzer, M., Steinberg, U., & Schönbrodt, F. D. (2019). Attitudes toward open science and public data sharing. Social Psychology, 50, 252–260. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000384",
+ "Crüwell, S., van Doorn, J., Etz, A., Makel, M. C., Moshontz, H., Niebaum, J. C., Orben, A., Parsons, S., & Schulte-Mecklenbeck, M. (2019). Seven Easy Steps to Open Science: An Annotated Reading List. Zeitschrift Für Psychologie, 227(4), 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000387",
+ "Kathawalla, U., Silverstein, P., & Syed, M. (2020). Easing into Open Science: A Guide for Graduate Students and Their Advisors. Collabra: Psychology. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/vzjdp Retrieved from https://psyarxiv.com/vzjdp",
+ "Syed, M. (2019). The Open Science Movement is for all of us. PsyArXiv.",
+ "Woelfle, M., Olliaro, P., & Todd, M. H. (2011). Open science is a research accelerator. Nature Chemistry, 3(10), 745–748. https://doi.org/10.1038/nchem.1149"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Zoe Flack",
+ "Tamara Kalandadze",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Qinyu Xiao"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\347\247\221\345\255\246\344\270\255\345\277\203.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\347\247\221\345\255\246\344\270\255\345\277\203.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ea0122cd78d
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\347\247\221\345\255\246\344\270\255\345\277\203.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "开放科学中心 [Center for Open Science (COS)]",
+ "sort_key": "kaifangkexuezhongxin",
+ "definition": "这是一个位于弗吉尼亚州夏洛茨维尔的非营利性技术组织，旨在提升研究的开放性、诚信度和可重复性。 除其他资源外，COS还运营着开放科学框架（Open Science Framework，简称OSF）和开放学术知识库（Open Scholarship Knowledge Base）两大平台。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Open Science badges",
+ "Open Science Framework",
+ "OSF collections",
+ "OSF institutions",
+ "OSF meetings",
+ "OSF preprints",
+ "OSF registries",
+ "Registrations (Preregistrations & Registered Reports)",
+ "Transparency and Openness Promotion Guidelines (TOP)"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "for Open Science, C. (n.d.). Show Your Work. Share Your Work. Advance Science. That’s Open Science. https://www.cos.io/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Beatrix Arendt"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie",
+ "Mariella Paul",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Lisa Spitzer"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\347\247\221\345\255\246\346\241\206\346\236\266.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\347\247\221\345\255\246\346\241\206\346\236\266.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f450f825f9c
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\347\247\221\345\255\246\346\241\206\346\236\266.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "开放科学框架 [Open Science Framework]",
+ "sort_key": "kaifangkexuekuangjia",
+ "definition": "开放科学框架（Open Science Framework，简称OSF）是一个免费的开源平台，供研究人员组织和分享他们的研究项目，并鼓励协作。该平台由开放科学中心创建和维护，通常作为研究代码、数据、材料、预印本和预注册的开放存储库，能够管理更高效的工作流程。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Archive",
+ "Center for Open Science (COS)",
+ "Open Code",
+ "Open Data",
+ "Preprint",
+ "Preregistration"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Foster, E. D., & Deardorff, A. (2017). Open science framework (OSF). Journal of the Medical Library Association, 105(2), 203. https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2017.88",
+ "for Open Science, C. (2011–2021). Open Science Framework. https://osf.io/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "William Ngiam"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Lisa Spitzer"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\347\247\221\345\255\246\347\232\204\345\221\275\345\220\215\345\256\236\344\275\223\346\226\207\346\234\254\345\214\277\345\220\215\345\214\226\345\267\245\345\205\267.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\347\247\221\345\255\246\347\232\204\345\221\275\345\220\215\345\256\236\344\275\223\346\226\207\346\234\254\345\214\277\345\220\215\345\214\226\345\267\245\345\205\267.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5a10895ce3c
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\347\247\221\345\255\246\347\232\204\345\221\275\345\220\215\345\256\236\344\275\223\346\226\207\346\234\254\345\214\277\345\220\215\345\214\226\345\267\245\345\205\267.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "开放科学的命名实体文本匿名化工具 [Named entity-based Text Anonymization for Open Science (NETANOS)]",
+ "sort_key": "kaifangkexuedemingmingshitiwenbenniminghuagongju",
+ "definition": "一种开源且免费的匿名化软件，专用于识别并修改命名实体（如人物、地点、时间、日期）。该软件的主要特点是，能够保留进行进一步分析所需的关键上下文信息。该软件旨在在确保研究伦理的基础上，帮助研究人员共享原始文本数据。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Anonymity",
+ "Confidentiality",
+ "Data sharing",
+ "Research ethics"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Kleinberg, B., Mozes, M., van der Toolen, Y., & Verschuere, B. (2017). NETANOS - Named entity-based Text Anonymization for Open Science. https://osf.io/w9nhb/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Norbert Vanek"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Aleksandra Lazić",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Sam Parsons"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\350\216\267\345\217\226.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\350\216\267\345\217\226.md"
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index 00000000000..d3d51af1bc1
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\350\216\267\345\217\226.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "开放获取 [Open access]",
+ "sort_key": "kaifanghuoqu",
+ "definition": "“学术成果在公共互联网上的免费获取，允许用户自由访问、下载、复制、分享、打印、搜索或链接至这些论文的全文，以及对其爬取索引、作为数据输入软件，或用于任何其他合法用途，除接入互联网本身不可避免的限制外，不受其他经济、法律或技术障碍的制约”（Boai, 2002）。实现开放获取（open access，简称OA）的不同方式通常按颜色区分，包括绿色开放获取（论文在公共存储库中公开可访问），金色开放获取（论文在期刊网站发表后立即公开可获取），以及铂金（或钻石）开放获取（金色开放获取的子类型，期刊发表的所有论文均可在出版后立即通过期刊网站公开，而无需作者支付版面费）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Article Processing Charge",
+ "FAIR principles",
+ "Paywall",
+ "Preprint",
+ "Repository"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Budapest Open Access Initiative. (2002). Read the Budapest open access initiative. Retrieved from https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read",
+ "Suber, P. (2015). Open Access Overview. http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/overview.htm"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Nick Ballou",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Aoife O’Mahony",
+ "Ross Mounce",
+ "Mariella Paul",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
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diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\350\256\270\345\217\257.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\350\256\270\345\217\257.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..01e9f985533
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\224\276\350\256\270\345\217\257.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "开放许可 [Open Licenses]",
+ "sort_key": "kaifangxuke",
+ "definition": "开放数据和开放软件（如分析代码）通常附有开放许可协议，用以界定他人对授权内容的（再）使用权限。在设定权限和限制时，开放许可协议通常允许用户不受限制地访问、重用和再分享原作者的作品。数据集通常采用知识共享许可（例如MIT、Apache和GPL）。这些许可可能在细微之处有所不同，其中GPL许可及其变体属于Copyleft许可，要求任何衍生作品必须沿用与原始作品相同的许可条款。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Creative Commons (CC) License",
+ "Copyleft",
+ "Copyright",
+ "Licence",
+ "Open Data",
+ "Open Source"
+ ],
+ "references": [],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Andrew J. Stewart"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Elizabeth Collins",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Graham Reid",
+ "Steven Verheyen"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\272\220\350\275\257\344\273\266.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\272\220\350\275\257\344\273\266.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9dd41f2c246
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\200\346\272\220\350\275\257\344\273\266.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "开源软件 [Open Source software]",
+ "sort_key": "kaiyuanruanjian",
+ "definition": "一类计算机软件，其源代码根据许可协议公开发布，允许其他人出于任何目的地使用、修改和发布该软件。开源不仅要求公开可访问，其发布条款还必须符合10项特定标准（参见：https://opensource.org/osd）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Github",
+ "Open Access",
+ "Open Code",
+ "Open Data",
+ "Open Licenses",
+ "Python",
+ "R",
+ "Repository"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Anon. (n.d.). Open Source in Open Science | FOSTER. Retrieved from https://www.fosteropenscience.eu/foster-taxonomy/open-source-open-science"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Connor Keating"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Andrew J. Stewart"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
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diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\225\347\224\250\345\201\217\350\247\201.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\225\347\224\250\345\201\217\350\247\201.md"
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\225\347\224\250\345\201\217\350\247\201.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "引用偏见 [Citation bias]",
+ "sort_key": "yinyongpianjian",
+ "definition": "在参考文献的引用中，论文或作者的选择存在偏见。引用偏见通常表现为：使作者或审稿人获益，过度引用具有统计学显著性的研究，或反映出普遍存在的性别或种族偏见（Brooks, 1985; Jannot et al., 2013; Zurn et al., 2020）。针对此问题，学界提议的解决方案之一是使用“引用多样性声明”，让作者反思自己的引用行为，并识别可能存在的偏见（Zurn et al., 2020）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Citation diversity statement",
+ "Reporting bias"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Brooks, T. A. (1985). Private acts and public objects: An investigation of citer motivations. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 36(4), 223–229. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.4630360402",
+ "Jannot, A. S., Agoritsas, T., Gayet-Ageron, A., & Perneger, T. V. (2013). Citation bias favoring statistically significant studies was present in medical research. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 66(3), 296–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.09.015",
+ "Thombs, B. D., Levis, A. W., Razykov, I., Syamchandra, A., Leentjens, A. F., Levenson, J. L., & Lumley, M. A. (2015). Potentially coercive self-citation by peer reviewers: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 78(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.09.015",
+ "Zurn, P., Bassett, D. S., & Rust, N. C. (2020). The Citation Diversity Statement: A Practice of Transparency, A Way of Life. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 24(9), 669–672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2020.06.009"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Bettina M. J. Kern"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Annalise A. LaPlume",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Bethan Iley",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Timo Roettger",
+ "Tobias Wingen"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\225\347\224\250\345\244\232\346\240\267\346\200\247\345\243\260\346\230\216.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\225\347\224\250\345\244\232\346\240\267\346\200\247\345\243\260\346\230\216.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9c4ac37c030
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\274\225\347\224\250\345\244\232\346\240\267\346\200\247\345\243\260\346\230\216.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "引用多样性声明 [Citation Diversity Statement]",
+ "sort_key": "yinyongduoyangxingshengming",
+ "definition": "引用多样性声明是一项倡议，旨在提升对性别与种族相关引用偏差的认识，并努力加以改善。作者需要在一个简短的段落中反思自己的引用是否存在偏见，并量化自己参考文献列表的公平性。声明内容具体包括：（1）强调引用多样性的重要性，（2）展示论文中引用文献的百分比构成（或其他多样性指标），（3）说明用于评估百分比的方法及其局限性，以及（4）表达作者对促进科学研究公平性实践的承诺” （Zurn et al., 2020, p. 669）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Citation bias",
+ "Diversity",
+ "Under-representation"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Zurn, P., Bassett, D. S., & Rust, N. C. (2020). The Citation Diversity Statement: A Practice of Transparency, A Way of Life. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 24(9), 669–672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2020.06.009"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Magdalena Grose-Hodge",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Timo Roettger"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\275\222\347\272\263.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\275\222\347\272\263.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d3f23edf14b
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\275\222\347\272\263.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "归纳 [Induction]",
+ "sort_key": "guina",
+ "definition": "Dienes（2008, p. 164）指出：“归纳是指通过推理得出一个结论，但这个结论并没有前提保证。例如，从有限的观察中推断普遍规律。Popper认为这一逻辑过程并不存在，因为人们也许可以推测出一些普遍规律，但再多的观察也无法确保这些推测的成立。相比之下，贝叶斯主义者则可以通过归纳法计算出观察结果使某一假设成立的可能性增加的程度”。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Hypothesis"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Dienes, Z. (2008). Understanding psychology as a science: An introduction to scientific and statistical inference. Macmillan International Higher Education."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Alaa Aldoh"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\276\275\347\253\240_\345\274\200\346\224\276\347\247\221\345\255\246_.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\276\275\347\253\240_\345\274\200\346\224\276\347\247\221\345\255\246_.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c905012da4c
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\276\275\347\253\240_\345\274\200\346\224\276\347\247\221\345\255\246_.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "徽章（开放科学） [Badges (Open Science)]",
+ "sort_key": "huizhang（kaifangkexue）",
+ "definition": "徽章是一种由期刊编辑团队添加在已发表论文上的符号，用于认可作者践行开放科学实践，并激励研究者分享数据、研究材料或进行研究预注册。徽章作为清晰可见的标识，旨在向读者传达该论文内容已达到获得该徽章所要求的开放研究标准（通常由该期刊设定）。不同徽章对应不同类型的开放科学实践，例如“开放材料徽章”和“开放数据徽章”表示研究材料或数据已在可长期访问的网址公开，“预注册徽章”表示研究已进行了预注册。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Incentives",
+ "Open Data badge",
+ "Preregistration",
+ "Triple badge"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Hardwicke, T. E., Bohn, M., MacDonald, K., Hembacher, E., Nuijten, M. B., Peloquin, B. N., & others. (2020). Analytic reproducibility in articles receiving open data badges at the journal Psychological Science: an observational study. Royal Society Open Science, 8(1), 201494. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201494",
+ "Kidwell, M. C., Lazarević, L. B., Baranski, E., Hardwicke, T. E., Piechowski, S., Falkenberg, L. S., & Nosek, B. A. (2016). Badges to acknowledge open practices: A simple, low-cost, effective method for increasing transparency. PLoS Biology, 14(5), e1002456. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1002456"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Jacob Miranda"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Brett Gall",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Mariella Paul",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Lisa Spitzer",
+ "Suzanne L. K. Stewart"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\277\203\347\220\206\346\265\213\351\207\217\345\205\203\345\210\206\346\236\220.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\277\203\347\220\206\346\265\213\351\207\217\345\205\203\345\210\206\346\236\220.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3eac5493d75
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\277\203\347\220\206\346\265\213\351\207\217\345\205\203\345\210\206\346\236\220.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "心理测量元分析 [Psychometric meta-analysis]",
+ "sort_key": "xinliceliangyuanfenxi",
+ "definition": "心理测量元分析旨在通过心理测量学程序（例如，测量工具信度）校正因测量误差和人为因素导致的效应量衰减。这些校正程序应在进行相关或实验元分析前完成，因为经过校正的效应量通常具有更大数值和更低变异性。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Correlational meta-analysis",
+ "Hunter-Schmidt meta-analysis",
+ "Meta-analysis",
+ "Non-Intervention, Reproducible, and Open Systematic Reviews (NIRO-SR)",
+ "Publication bias (File Drawer Problem)",
+ "Validity generalization"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P., & Rothstein, H. R. (2011). Introduction to meta-analysis. John Wiley & Sons.",
+ "Hunter, J. E., & Schmidt, F. L. (2015). Methods of Meta-Analysis: Correcting Error and Bias in Research Findings (Third). SAGE."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Adrien Fillon"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Eduardo Garcia-Garzon",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Catia M. Oliveira",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\345\277\203\347\220\206\347\247\221\345\255\246\346\224\271\350\277\233\345\255\246\344\274\232.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\277\203\347\220\206\347\247\221\345\255\246\346\224\271\350\277\233\345\255\246\344\274\232.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..eda3c7860d6
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\345\277\203\347\220\206\347\247\221\345\255\246\346\224\271\350\277\233\345\255\246\344\274\232.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "心理科学改进学会 [Society for the Improvement of Psychological Science (SIPS)]",
+ "sort_key": "xinlikexuegaijinxuehui",
+ "definition": "心理科学改进学会（Society for the Improvement of Psychological Science，简称SIPS）是一个致力于促进心理学研究方法与实践进步的会员协会。该学会旨在通过以下途径实现其使命宣言：加强研究者培训，推广更有利于提升研究质量的文化，量化评估改革措施的影响，在心理学领域内外开展外联活动，以推动研究规范的完善。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Society for Open, Reliable, and Transparent Ecology and Evolutionary biology (SORTEE)"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Improving Psychology. (n.d.). Improving Psychology. https://improvingpsych.org/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ashley Blake",
+ "Jade Pickering",
+ "Graham Reid",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\204\217\350\257\206\345\275\242\346\200\201\345\201\217\350\247\201.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\204\217\350\257\206\345\275\242\346\200\201\345\201\217\350\247\201.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..55f3bafb69d
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\204\217\350\257\206\345\275\242\346\200\201\345\201\217\350\247\201.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "意识形态偏见 [Ideological bias]",
+ "sort_key": "yishixingtaipianjian",
+ "definition": "意识形态偏见是指，学界对研究质量的事前评价可能受研究者意识形态立场的影响。作为同行评审过程中的诸多偏见之一，意识形态偏见表现为：当论文作者与编辑或审稿人政治立场相契合时，其研究成果更有可能获得积极评价（Tvina et al., 2019）。这种偏见可能引发多重利益冲突，从而损害学术观点的多样性，例如，加速或延迟同行评审进程，影响学者获得学术报告邀约、推广其研究成果的机会等。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Ad hominem bias",
+ "Peer review"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Tvina, A., Spellecy, R., & Palatnik, A. (2019). Bias in the peer review process: can we do better? Obstetrics & Gynecology, 133(6), 1081–1083. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000003260"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Elizabeth Collins",
+ "Flávio Azevedo",
+ "Madeleine Ingham",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Graham Reid"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\205\242\347\247\221\345\255\246.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\205\242\347\247\221\345\255\246.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..328077bc4c2
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\205\242\347\247\221\345\255\246.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "慢科学 [Slow science]",
+ "sort_key": "mankexue",
+ "definition": "采用开放科学实践总体上会延长研究周期，其核心在于更注重研究的透明度、可重复性、可复现性和质量，而非产出数量。慢科学反对“发表或灭亡”的学术文化，倡导构建一种允许投入更多时间与资源的学术体系，该体系旨在产出数量较少但质量和透明度更高的研究成果。例如，这种模式会优先保障研究人员将时间用于更充分的数据收集、文献研读、深入思考研究发现与现有知识的关联、以及记录和分享研究材料，而非匆忙启动更多研究项目。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "collaboration",
+ "Incentive structure",
+ "Publish or Perish",
+ "research culture",
+ "research quality"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Academy, S. S. (2010). The Slow Science Manifesto. Slow Science. http://slow-science.org/",
+ "Nelson, L. D., Simmons, J. P., & Simonsohn, U. (2012). Let’s Publish Fewer Papers. Psychological Inquiry, 23(3), 291–293. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2012.705245",
+ "Frith, U. (2020). Fast lane to slow science. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 24(1), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2019.10.007"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Sonia Rishi"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Adrien Fillon",
+ "Tamara Kalandadze",
+ "Sam Parsons Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Robert M Ross",
+ "Timo Roettger"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\212\242\345\217\221.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\212\242\345\217\221.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a1774891bfd
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\212\242\345\217\221.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "抢发 [Scooping]",
+ "sort_key": "qiangfa",
+ "definition": "抢发指研究人员或团队抢在他人之前发布新发现的现象。调查研究显示，对抢发的担忧是阻碍心理学数据共享的一个重要心理障碍；基于主体的模型也表明，这种围绕优先发表的竞争会损害科学研究的可靠性（Tiokhin et al. 2021）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Novelty",
+ "Open data",
+ "Preregistration"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Houtkoop, B. L., Chambers, C., Macleod, M., Bishop, D. V. M., Nichols, T. E., & Wagenmekers, E.-J. (2018). Data sharing in psychology: A survey on barriers and preconditions. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(1), 70.85. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245917751886",
+ "Laine, H. (2017). Afraid of scooping – Case study on researcher strategies against fear of scooping in the context of open science. In Data Science Journal (Vol. 16, pp. 1–14). https://doi.org/10.5334/dsj-2017-029",
+ "Tiokhin, L., Yan, M., & Horgan, T. J. H. (2021). Competition for priority harms the reliability of science, but reforms can help. Nature Human Behaviour. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-01040-1"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "William Ngiam"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ashley Blake",
+ "Thomas Rhys Evans",
+ "Connor Keating",
+ "Graham Reid",
+ "Timo Roettger",
+ "Robert M. Ross",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\212\245\345\221\212\346\214\207\345\215\227.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\212\245\345\221\212\346\214\207\345\215\227.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cc99987c733
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\212\245\345\221\212\346\214\207\345\215\227.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "报告指南 [Reporting Guideline]",
+ "sort_key": "baogaozhinan",
+ "definition": "报告指南是“基于明确方法学制定的清单、流程图或结构化文本，用于指导作者报告特定类型的研究”（EQUATOR Network, n.d.）。报告指南提供了确保研究成果能够被正确解读、评估、整合和复现所需的最低标准要求。不同科学期刊或出版机构对其具体应用往往存在差异。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "CONSORT",
+ "Non-Intervention, Reproducible, and Open Systematic Reviews (NIRO-SR)",
+ "PRISMA",
+ "STROBE"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. (2009). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097",
+ "Schulz, K. F., Altman, D. G., & Moher, D. (2010). CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. Trials, 11(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-11-32",
+ "Network, T. E. (n.d.). What is a reporting guideline? Retrieved 10 July 2021. https://www.equator-network.org/about-us/what-is-a-reporting-guideline/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Aidan Cashin"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Gilad Feldman",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Joanne McCuaig"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\213\254\345\217\267\345\274\217\350\256\277\350\260\210.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\213\254\345\217\267\345\274\217\350\256\277\350\260\210.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..1b88c14c7ac
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\213\254\345\217\267\345\274\217\350\256\277\350\260\210.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "括号式访谈 [Bracketing Interviews]",
+ "sort_key": "kuohaoshifangtan",
+ "definition": "括号式访谈是定性研究中常用的一种方法。研究者通过此类访谈来探究自身对正在进行的研究所持的个人主观性与研究预设。这种做法可以帮助研究人员明晰个人学术兴趣所在，并促使他们反思和批判性地审视研究过程，特别是考量个人经验可能对研究产生的影响。括号式访谈本身也可作为定性分析的研究对象。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Qualitative research",
+ "Reflexivity",
+ "Researcher bias"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Rolls, L., & Relf, M. (2006). Bracketing interviews: addressing methodological challenges in qualitative interviewing in bereavement and palliative care. Mortality, 11(3), 286–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/13576270600774893",
+ "Sorsa, M. A., Kiikkala, I., & Åstedt-Kurki, P. (2015). Bracketing as a skill in conducting unstructured qualitative interviews. Nursing Research, 22(4), 8–12. https://doi.org/10.7748/nr.22.4.8.e1317"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Claire Melia"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Tamara Kalandadze",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Graham Reid",
+ "Marta Topor"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\216\240\345\244\272\346\200\247\345\207\272\347\211\210.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\216\240\345\244\272\346\200\247\345\207\272\347\211\210.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d36795c20fc
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+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\216\240\345\244\272\346\200\247\345\207\272\347\211\210.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "掠夺性出版 [Predatory Publishing]",
+ "sort_key": "lveduoxingchuban",
+ "definition": "掠夺性出版（又称“虚荣出版”），是指出版商在出版科研成果的过程中用于牟利的一系列商业行为，主要包括收取版面费。这些行为往往缺乏必要的质量把控（如同行评审）或编辑服务。最极端的情况下，掠夺性出版商会在收取费用后发表任何文章。其他相对隐蔽的做法，例如大量发送未经邀约的编辑请求或在收费的特刊中发表等，同样被视为掠夺性出版行为（Crosetto, 2021）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Article Processing Charge (APC)",
+ "Gaming (the system)"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Crosetto, P. (2021). Is MDPI a predatory publisher? https://paolocrosetto.wordpress.com/2021/04/12/is-mdpi-a-predatory-publisher/",
+ "Xia, J., Harmon, J. L., Connolly, K. G., Donnelly, R. M., Anderson, M. R., & Howard, H. A. (2015). Who publishes in “predatory” journals? Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 66(7), 1406–1417. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.23265"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Nick Ballou"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Olmo van den Akker",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Aleksandra Lazić",
+ "Graham Reid",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\216\242\347\264\242\346\200\247\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\210\206\346\236\220.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\216\242\347\264\242\346\200\247\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\210\206\346\236\220.md"
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "探索性数据分析 [Exploratory data analysis]",
+ "sort_key": "tansuoxingshujufenxi",
+ "definition": "探索性数据分析（exploratory data analysis，简称EDA）是一种成熟的统计传统，为揭示数据中的模式提供了概念和计算工具，以推动假设的发展与完善。这些方法补充了验证性数据分析（confirmatory data analysis，简称CDA）的假设检验。即便在有明确理论支撑的情况下，EDA 仍能帮助解释CDA发现的结果，并揭示数据中意外或误导性的模式。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Confirmatory analyses",
+ "Data-driven research",
+ "Exploratory research"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Behrens, J. T. (1997). Principles and procedures of exploratory data analysis. Psychological Methods, 2(2), 131–160. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.2.2.131",
+ "Box, G. E. P. (1976). Science and statistics. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 71(356), 791–799.",
+ "Tukey, J. W. (1977). Exploratory data analysis. Addison-Wesley.",
+ "Wagenmakers, E. J., Wetzels, R., Borsboom, D., van der Maas, H. L., & Kievit, R. A. (2012). An agenda for purely confirmatory research. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(6), 632–638. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612463078"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Jenny Terry"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Timo Roettger",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\221\230\350\246\201\345\201\217\345\200\232.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\221\230\350\246\201\345\201\217\345\200\232.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7b8972e9b59
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\221\230\350\246\201\345\201\217\345\200\232.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "摘要偏倚 [Abstract Bias]",
+ "sort_key": "zhaiyaopianyi",
+ "definition": "一种只在摘要中报告显著性结果，而将非显著性结果放在正文中（完全不报告非显著性结果时则构成选择性报告）的倾向。摘要偏倚可能导致报告非显著结果的研究无法被标准化的元分析检索流程（依赖于标题、摘要和关键词中的信息）捕获，从而导致元分析结果出现偏差。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Cherry-picking",
+ "Publication bias (File Drawer Problem)",
+ "Selective reporting"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Duyx, B., Swaen, G. M., Urlings, M. J., Bouter, L. M., & Zeegers, M. P. (2019). The strong focus on positive results in abstracts may cause bias in systematic reviews: A case study on abstract reporting bias. Systematic Reviews, 8(1), 1–8."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Bethan Iley",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Gerald Vineyard",
+ "Eliza Woodward",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\225\210\345\272\246.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\225\210\345\272\246.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..531525d08b3
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\225\210\345\272\246.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "效度 [Validity]",
+ "sort_key": "xiaodu",
+ "definition": "效度是指运用统计学原理得出具有充分依据——即很可能准确反映现实世界——的概念、结论或测量的过程。在心理测量学中，它衡量的是测量工具达成其预设目标的程度。效度包含多种类型，例如内部效度、结构效度（又称构念效度）、表面效度、效标效度、诊断性效度、区分效度（又称判别效度）、同时效度、聚合效度（又称收敛效度）、预测效度以及外部效度。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Causality",
+ "Construct validity",
+ "Content validity",
+ "Criterion validity",
+ "External validity",
+ "Face validity",
+ "Internal validity",
+ "Measurement",
+ "Questionable Measurement Practices (QMP)",
+ "Psychometry",
+ "Reliability",
+ "Statistical power",
+ "Statistical validity",
+ "Test"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Campbell, D. T. (1957). Factors relevant to the validity of experiments in social settings. Psychological Bulletin, 54(4), 297–312. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040950",
+ "Kelley, T. L. (1927). Interpretation of educational measurements. Macmillan."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Tamara Kalandadze; Madeleine Pownall; Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Eduardo Garcia-Garzon",
+ "Halil E. Kocalar",
+ "Annalise A. LaPlume",
+ "Joanne McCuaig",
+ "Adam Parker",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\225\210\346\240\207\346\225\210\345\272\246.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\225\210\346\240\207\346\225\210\345\272\246.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cb8f21f9cf3
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\225\210\346\240\207\346\225\210\345\272\246.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "效标效度 [Criterion validity]",
+ "sort_key": "xiaobiaoxiaodu",
+ "definition": "效标效度是指某一测量工具与其他已被验证的同一概念测量工具之间的一致程度。效标效度通常通过计算回归系数或二元相关系数来确定，用以评估该测量工具与效标之间关系的方向与强度。效标效度常常与构念效度混淆，尽管两者在目的和关注点上存在差异：效标效度着重于预测作用（即是否能预测可观察到的结果），而构念效度更强调理论建构（是否测量了潜在构念）。当测量工具或效标本身的得分信度不足时，通常会降低效标效度。效标效度也被称为效标关联效度或具体效度。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Construct validity",
+ "Validity"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "DeVellis, R. F. (2017). Scale development: Theory and applications (4th ed.). Sage.",
+ "Drost, E. A. (2011). Validity and reliability in social science research. Education Research and Perspectives, 38(1), 105–123."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Annalise A. LaPlume"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Kai Krautter",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Eike Mark Rinke"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\225\217\346\204\237\347\240\224\347\251\266.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\225\217\346\204\237\347\240\224\347\251\266.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..192b7cf4e55
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\225\217\346\204\237\347\240\224\347\251\266.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "敏感研究 [Sensitive research]",
+ "sort_key": "minganyanjiu",
+ "definition": "敏感研究指可能对研究人员、参与者及社会群体构成潜在威胁的研究。这种威胁可能是对参与研究的人员造成身体伤害（如自杀行为）或引发起负面情绪反应（如抑郁）。例如，在研究自杀事件时，研究人员可能因接触相关描述而遭受情感创伤；同时，与参与者的交流也可能触发他们重新经历创伤记忆，导致其产生负面心理反应。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Anonymity"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Lee, R. M. (1993). Doing research on sensitive topics. Sage.",
+ "Albayrak-Aydemir, N. (2020). The hidden costs of being a scholar from the global south. Retrieved from https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/highereducation/2020/02/20/the-hidden-costs-of-being-a-scholar-from-the-global-south/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Valeria Agostini",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Graham Reid"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\225\260\345\255\227\345\257\271\350\261\241\345\224\257\344\270\200\346\240\207\350\257\206\347\254\246.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\225\260\345\255\227\345\257\271\350\261\241\345\224\257\344\270\200\346\240\207\350\257\206\347\254\246.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5f9131475a9
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\225\260\345\255\227\345\257\271\350\261\241\345\224\257\344\270\200\346\240\207\350\257\206\347\254\246.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "数字对象唯一标识符 [DOI (digital object identifier)]",
+ "sort_key": "shuziduixiangweiyibiaoshifu",
+ "definition": "DOI是可以分配给任何实体的字母数字字符串，包括出版物（包括预印本）、材料、数据集、甚至电影。DOI的使用不仅限于学术或学术材料。DOI构建了一个系统，使信息在数字网络中实现持久和可操作的识别与互操作性交换（https://doi.org/hb.html）。目前有多个机构负责DOI的注册与管理，其中最常见的机构包括Crossref和Datacite。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "arXiv and BibTex",
+ "Crossref, Datacite, ISBN, ISO, ORCID",
+ "Permalink"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Bilder, G. (2013). DOIs unambiguously and persistently identify published, trustworthy, citable online scholarly literature. Right? https://www.crossref.org/blog/dois-unambiguously-and-persistently-identify-published-trustworthy-citable-online-scholarly-literature-right/",
+ "Morgan, C. (1998). The DOI (Digital Object Identifier). Serials, 11(1), 47–51. http://doi.org/10.1629/1147",
+ "Anon. (2019). The DOI Handbook."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Tina Lonsdorf"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ashley Blake",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\205\261\344\272\253.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\205\261\344\272\253.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b472c30e6cd
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\205\261\344\272\253.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "数据共享 [Data sharing]",
+ "sort_key": "shujugongxiang",
+ "definition": "数据共享是指，将用于学术研究的数据提供给其他研究人员的相关实践、技术、文化因素和法律框架的集合。数据共享有两种类型：（1）复现已发表的研究发现所必需的数据；（2）在研究项目中收集的，但项目完成后尚未（或仅部分）进行分析或报告的数据，这些数据的共享通常会有一个特定的禁运期（Gollwitzer et al., 2020）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "FAIR principles",
+ "Open data"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Abele-Brehm, A. E., Gollwitzer, M., Steinberg, U., & Schönbrodt, F. D. (2019). Attitudes toward open science and public data sharing. Social Psychology, 50, 252–260. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000384",
+ "Gollwitzer, M., Abele-Brehm, A., Fiebach, C., Ramthun, R., Scheel, A. M., Schönbrodt, F. D., & Steinberg, U. (2020). Data Management and Data Sharing in Psychological Science: Revision of the DGPs Recommendations.",
+ "for Data Sharing, S. C. (n.d.). What is data sharing? Retrieved 11 July 2021. https://futurium.ec.europa.eu/en/support-centre-data-sharing/pages/about"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Tina Lonsdorf",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Timo Roettger",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\210\206\346\236\220\344\270\216\345\205\261\344\272\253\346\234\200\344\275\263\345\256\236\350\267\265\345\247\224\345\221\230\344\274\232.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\210\206\346\236\220\344\270\216\345\205\261\344\272\253\346\234\200\344\275\263\345\256\236\350\267\265\345\247\224\345\221\230\344\274\232.md"
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "数据分析与共享最佳实践委员会 [Committee on Best Practices in Data Analysis and Sharing (COBIDAS)]",
+ "sort_key": "shujufenxiyugongxiangzuijiashijianweiyuanhui",
+ "definition": "人类脑成像组织（Organization for Human Brain Mapping，简称OHBM）的神经影像学社区制定了一份关于神经影像数据采集、分析、报告以及数据与分析代码共享的最佳实践指南。该指南包含八个在撰写或提交论文时应该包含的关键要素，旨在提升报告方法和神经影像结果的透明度和可重复性。",
+ "related_terms": [],
+ "references": [
+ "Nichols, T. E., Das, S., Eickhoff, S. B., Evans, A. C., Glatard, T., Hanke, M., & others. (2017). Best practices in data analysis and sharing in neuroimaging using MRI. Nature Neuroscience, 20(3), 299–303. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn.4500",
+ "Pernet, C., Garrido, M. I., Gramfort, A., Maurits, N., Michel, C. M., Pang, E., & others. (2020). Issues and recommendations from the OHBM COBIDAS MEEG committee for reproducible EEG and MEG research. Nature Neuroscience, 23(12), 1473–1483. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-020-00709-0"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Yu-Fang Yang"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Adam Parker",
+ "Sam Parsons"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\217\257\350\247\206\345\214\226.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\217\257\350\247\206\345\214\226.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f89392e3f1d
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\217\257\350\247\206\345\214\226.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "数据可视化 [Data visualisation]",
+ "sort_key": "shujukeshihua",
+ "definition": "数据可视化是指数据或信息的图形表示。数据可视化巧妙利用人类敏锐的视觉能力，传递洞见，交流关键信息。它常用于呈现原始数据、描述性统计和/或推断统计。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Figure",
+ "Graph",
+ "Plot"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Healy, K. (2018). Data visualization: A practical introduction. Princeton University Press.",
+ "Tufte, E. R. (1983). The visual display of quantitative information. Graphics Press."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Bradley Baker"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Suzanne L. K. Stewart;"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\225\260\346\215\256\347\256\241\347\220\206\350\256\241\345\210\222.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\225\260\346\215\256\347\256\241\347\220\206\350\256\241\345\210\222.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a28e91b889a
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\225\260\346\215\256\347\256\241\347\220\206\350\256\241\345\210\222.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "数据管理计划 [Data management plan (DMP)]",
+ "sort_key": "shujuguanlijihua",
+ "definition": "数据管理计划（Data management plan，简称DMP）是一种结构化文件，用于描述研究项目中数据的获取、分析、管理和存储过程。它涵盖了数据的所有权以及在项目进行中和完成后的数据保存与共享。数据管理模板还指导研究者遵循FAIR原则（可查找、可访问、可互操作、可重复使用），并尽可能实现数据开放共享。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Data archiving",
+ "Data sharing",
+ "Data storage",
+ "FAIR principles",
+ "Open data"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Burnette, M., Williams, S., & Imker, H. (2016). From Plan to Action: Successful Data Management Plan Implementation in a Multidisciplinary Project. Journal of eScience Librarianship, 5(1), e1101. https://doi.org/10.7191/jeslib.2016.1101",
+ "Michener, W. K. (2015). Ten simple rules for creating a good data management plan. PLoS Computational Biology, 11(10), e1004525. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004525"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Dominique Roche"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Birgit Schmidt",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\225\260\346\215\256\350\216\267\345\217\226\344\270\216\347\240\224\347\251\266\351\200\217\346\230\216\345\272\246.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\225\260\346\215\256\350\216\267\345\217\226\344\270\216\347\240\224\347\251\266\351\200\217\346\230\216\345\272\246.md"
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\225\260\346\215\256\350\216\267\345\217\226\344\270\216\347\240\224\347\251\266\351\200\217\346\230\216\345\272\246.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "数据获取与研究透明度 [Data Access and Research Transparency (DA-RT)]",
+ "sort_key": "shujuhuoquyuyanjiutoumingdu",
+ "definition": "数据获取与研究透明度（Data Access and Research Transparency，简称DA-RT）是一个致力于提升社会科学领域数据获取和研究透明度的倡议。该倡议基于多重认识论和方法论，由美国政治学会理事会于2014年推出，旨在提高实证社会研究的严谨性。除了其他相关活动外，DA-RT 制定了《期刊编辑透明声明》，要求参与的期刊遵守以下规定：（1）在研究发表后公开相关数据；（2）遵循严格的数据引用政策；（3）透明地描述分析过程，并在可能情况下提供分析代码的公共访问权限；（4）更新期刊的格式指南和伦理规范，加入更完善的数据访问和研究透明度要求。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Accessibility",
+ "Data sharing",
+ "Replicability",
+ "Reproducibility"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Carsey, T. M. (2014). Making DA-RT a reality. PS: Political Science & Politics, 47(1), 72–77. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096513001753",
+ "Monroe, K. R. (2018). The rush to transparency: DA-RT and the potential dangers for qualitative research. Perspectives on Politics, 16(1), 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1017/S153759271700336X"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Eike Mark Rinke"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Filip Dechterenko",
+ "Kai Krautter",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\226\207\345\214\226\347\250\216\350\264\237.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\226\207\345\214\226\347\250\216\350\264\237.md"
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\226\207\345\214\226\347\250\216\350\264\237.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "文化税负 [Cultural taxation]",
+ "sort_key": "wenhuashuifu",
+ "definition": "文化税负是指，在学术界，来自代表性不足或边缘化少数群体的成员（尤其是有色人种学者）往往需要承担额外的隐性工作。这种工作通常源于他们需要担任，在种族、文化或性别方面提供代表性和多样性的服务性角色。这些角色可能为正式或非正式的，通常没有报酬或补偿。这些隐形工作包括：就多样性议题提供专业意见、教育多数主流群体成员、担任与少数群体社区的联络人，以及作为少数群体学生的正式或非正式的导师及支持者。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Invisible labor",
+ "Power imbalances",
+ "Power relations"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Joseph, T. D., & Hirshfield, L. E. (2011). `Why don’t you get somebody new to do it?’ Race and cultural taxation in the academy. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 34(1), 121–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2010.496489",
+ "Ledgerwood, A., Hudson, S. T. J., Lewis, Jr., N. A., Maddox, K. B., Pickett, C., Remedios, J. D., & Wilkins, C. L. (2021). The Pandemic as a Portal: Reimagining Psychological Science as Truly Open and Inclusive. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gdzue",
+ "Padilla, A. M. (1994). Research news and comment: Ethnic minority scholars; research, and mentoring: Current and future issues. Educational Researcher, 23(4), 24–27. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X023004024"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Bradley Baker"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Bethan Iley",
+ "Aoife O’Mahony",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\226\207\347\214\256\347\273\274\350\277\260.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\226\207\347\214\256\347\273\274\350\277\260.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6d28fed6910
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\226\207\347\214\256\347\273\274\350\277\260.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "文献综述 [Literature Review]",
+ "sort_key": "wenxianzongshu",
+ "definition": "研究人员在开展新课题前，通常会系统梳理相关领域的研究文献，以期深入理解目标效应与现象，了解理论与证据的之间的关联性，或探究现有研究成果和主张中的共性结论与研究趋向。根据研究问题和文献范围的不同，文献综述可采取不同的形式。为了确定某一领域的范围和核心概念，研究者可进行范围文献综述。系统综述旨在检索并综述所有相关文献，以获得最准确和最无偏的现有文献观点。非系统或聚焦文献综述能够从与研究问题相关的一系列选定研究中汇总信息，但由于容易受到偏见（例如，研究者偏见）的影响，这类综述并不常见（Siddaway et al., 2019）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Evidence synthesis",
+ "Meta-research",
+ "Narrative reviews",
+ "Systematic reviews"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Huelin, R., Iheanacho, I., Payne, K., & Sandman, K. (2015). What’s in a name? Systematic and non-systematic literature reviews, and why the distinction matters. The Evidence Forum, 34–37. Retrieved from https://www.evidera.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Whats-in-a-Name-Systematic-and-Non-Systematic-Literature-Reviews-and-Why-the-Distinction-Matters.pdf",
+ "Munn, Z., Peters, M. D., Stern, C., Tufanaru, C., McArthur, A., & Aromataris, E. (2018). Systematic review or scoping review? Guidance for authors when choosing between a systematic or scoping review approach. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 18(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-018-0611-x",
+ "Pautasso, M. (2013). Ten Simple Rules for Writing a Literature Review. PLoS Computational Biology, 9(7), e1003149. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003149",
+ "Siddaway, A. P., Wood, A. M., & Hedges, L. V. (2019). How to do a systematic review: a best practice guide for conducting and reporting narrative reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-syntheses. Annual Review of Psychology, 70, 747–770. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-102803"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Marta Topor"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\227\251\346\234\237\350\201\214\344\270\232\347\240\224\347\251\266\344\272\272\345\221\230.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\227\251\346\234\237\350\201\214\344\270\232\347\240\224\347\251\266\344\272\272\345\221\230.md"
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\227\251\346\234\237\350\201\214\344\270\232\347\240\224\347\251\266\344\272\272\345\221\230.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "早期职业研究人员 [Early career researchers (ECRs)]",
+ "sort_key": "zaoqizhiyeyanjiurenyuan",
+ "definition": "早期职业研究人员（Early career researchers，简称ECRs）是指处于从高年级博士到博士后阶段的研究人员（博士后教育可能长达10年），后者可能包括早期职业或初级学者（Eley et al., 2012, p.3）。不同资助机构、学术组织和国家对 ECRs 具体要素（例如，年龄、获得博士学位后的时间（是否包括职业中断与休假）、职称、资助标准等）的定义可能不同。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Early Career Investigator"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Bazeley, P. (2003). Defining “Early Career” in Research. Higher Education, 45, 257–279. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022698529612",
+ "Eley, A. R. (2012). Becoming a successful early career researcher. Routledge. Retrieved from http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/934369360",
+ "Pownall, M., Talbot, C. V., Henschel, A., Lautarescu, A., Lloyd, K. E., Hartmann, H., Darda, K. M., Tang, K. T. Y., Carmichael-Murphy, P., & Siegel, J. A. (2021). Navigating Open Science as Early Career Feminist Researchers. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 45(4), 526–539. https://doi.org/10.1177/03616843211029255 Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/03616843211029255"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Micah Vandegrift"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Thomas Rhys Evans",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Olly Robertson",
+ "Suzanne L. K. Stewart",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\231\256\351\201\215\346\200\247\351\231\220\345\210\266.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\231\256\351\201\215\346\200\247\351\231\220\345\210\266.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..16fd2179892
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\231\256\351\201\215\346\200\247\351\231\220\345\210\266.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "普遍性限制 [Constraints on Generality (COG)]",
+ "sort_key": "pubianxingxianzhi",
+ "definition": "普遍性限制是一个关于研究结论适用范围的界定声明，需明确说明研究结果所针对的目标群体及其适用条件。研究者应当清晰阐述其研究结论推广的潜在边界条件（Simons et al., 2017），同时详细描述样本群体的具体特征和/或可能影响研究结果的情境因素，以便后续复现研究能够充分考虑这些变量（Brandt et al., 2014）。凡未在声明中明确列出的条件，均视为对研究效应可复现性无关。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "BIZARRE",
+ "Diversity",
+ "Equity",
+ "Generalizability",
+ "Inclusion",
+ "Reproducibility",
+ "Replication",
+ "STRANGE",
+ "WEIRD"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Busse, C., Kach, A. P., & Wagner, S. M. (2017). Boundary Conditions: What They Are, How to Explore Them, Why We Need Them, and When to Consider Them. Organizational Research Methods, 20(4), 574–609. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428116641191",
+ "Brandt, M. J., IJzerman, H., Dijksterhuis, A., Farach, F. J., Geller, J., Giner-Sorolla, R., & others. (2014). The replication recipe: What makes for a convincing replication? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 50, 217–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2013.10.005",
+ "Simons, D. J., Shoda, Y., & Lindsay, D. S. (2017). Constraints on generality (COG): A proposed addition to all empirical papers. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 12(6), 1123–1128. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691617708630",
+ "Yarkoni, T. (2020). The generalizability crisis. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X20001685"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie",
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Timo Roettger"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\233\277\344\273\243\350\256\241\351\207\217.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\233\277\344\273\243\350\256\241\351\207\217.md"
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index 00000000000..0bfa504eddb
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\233\277\344\273\243\350\256\241\351\207\217.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "替代计量 [Altmetrics]",
+ "sort_key": "tidaijiliang",
+ "definition": "不同于传统的引用指标，替代计量（“alternative metrics”的缩写）通过多种渠道的信息来源，来评估研究工作的受关注度和影响力的广泛程度，例如社交媒体（如Twitter）、数字新闻媒体、预印本下载次数等。替代计量也收到了一些批评，例如耸人听闻的研究往往比严肃的科研工作获得更多关注（Ali, 2021）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Academic impact",
+ "Alternative metrics",
+ "Bibliometrics",
+ "H-index",
+ "Impact assessment",
+ "Journal impact factor"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Ali, M. J. (2021). Understanding the Altmetrics. Seminars in Ophthalmology. https://doi.org/10.1080/08820538.2021.1930806",
+ "Galligan, F., & Dyas-Correia, S. (2013). Altmetrics: rethinking the way we measure. Serials Review, 39(1), 56–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.serrev.2013.01.003"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mirela Zaneva"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Birgit Schmidt",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\234\237\345\210\212\345\275\261\345\223\215\345\233\240\345\255\220.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\234\237\345\210\212\345\275\261\345\223\215\345\233\240\345\255\220.md"
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "期刊影响因子 [Journal Impact Factor™]",
+ "sort_key": "qikanyingxiangyinzi",
+ "definition": "期刊影响因子是指该期刊发表的学术论文在过去两年内被引用的平均次数，其计算方式由科睿唯安公司独家推出且不公开透明。期刊影响因子与期刊内容质量或同行评审过程无关。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "DORA",
+ "H-index"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Brembs, B., Button, K., & Munafò, M. (2013). Deep impact: unintended consequences of journal rank. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, 291. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00291",
+ "Curry, S. (2012). Sick of impact factors. http://occamstypewriter.org/scurry/2012/08/13/sick-of-impact-factors/",
+ "Naudet, F., Ioannidis, J., Miedema, F., Cristea, I. A., Goodman, S. N., & Moher, D. (2018). Six principles for assessing scientists for hiring, promotion, and tenure. Impact of Social Sciences Blog.",
+ "Rossner, M., Van Epps, H., & Hill, E. (2008). Show me the data. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200711140",
+ "Sharma, M., Sarin, A., Gupta, P., Sachdeva, S., & Desai, A. (2014). Journal impact factor: its use, significance and limitations. World Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 13(2), 146. https://doi.org/10.4103/1450-1147.139151"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Jacob Miranda"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Tsvetomira Dumbalska",
+ "Adam Parker"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\234\254\344\275\223\350\256\272_\344\272\272\345\267\245\346\231\272\350\203\275_.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\234\254\344\275\223\350\256\272_\344\272\272\345\267\245\346\231\272\350\203\275_.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..610f70ae8cc
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\234\254\344\275\223\350\256\272_\344\272\272\345\267\245\346\231\272\350\203\275_.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "本体论（人工智能） [Ontology (Artificial Intelligence)]",
+ "sort_key": "bentilun（rengongzhineng）",
+ "definition": "用于分类和解释某学科领域内实体性质及其关系的公理集合。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Axiology",
+ "Epistemology",
+ "Taxonomy"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Noy, N. F., & McGuinness, D. L. (2001). Ontology development 101: A guide to creating your first ontology. https://corais.org/sites/default/files/ontology_development_101_aguide_to_creating_your_first_ontology.pdf"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Emma Norris"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Graham Reid"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\236\204\345\277\265\346\225\210\345\272\246.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\236\204\345\277\265\346\225\210\345\272\246.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7122850e03c
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\236\204\345\277\265\346\225\210\345\272\246.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "构念效度 [Construct validity]",
+ "sort_key": "gounianxiaodu",
+ "definition": "构念效度（又译为“结构效度”，“构想效度”）指测量工具对其所声称测量内容的准确反映程度。对于研究关注不可观测实体的学科领域而言，构念效度检验本质上是理论检验，因为它需要判定客观测量工具（例如，问卷、实验室任务等）是否有效表征了假设性构念（即是否符合理论预期）。当扩展至整个研究或某项研究主张、结论或观测效应时，构念效度关注的是研究中采用的抽样要素（参与者、情境设置、实验处理方式和因变量）与研究涉及的高阶构念之间的对应关系。构念效度可以定义为“从研究中包含的观察对象、环境设置及因果操作，向这些实例可能代表的构念进行推论的合理程度”（Shadish et al., 2002, p. 38）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Measurement crisis",
+ "Measurement validity",
+ "Questionable Measurement Practices (QMP)",
+ "Theory",
+ "Validity",
+ "Validation"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. E. (1955). Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin, 52(4), 281–302. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040957",
+ "Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Houghton Mifflin.",
+ "Smith, G. T. (2005). On Construct Validity: Issues of Method and Measurement. Psychological Assessment, 17(4), 396–408. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.17.4.396"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Annalise A. LaPlume"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Zoltan Kekecs",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\246\202\345\277\265\345\244\215\347\216\260.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\246\202\345\277\265\345\244\215\347\216\260.md"
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\246\202\345\277\265\345\244\215\347\216\260.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "概念复现 [Conceptual replication]",
+ "sort_key": "gainianfuxian",
+ "definition": "概念复现是指在不同样本中、采用与原研究不同的方法检验相同的效应（例如，使用不同的操作化定义、数据处理和统计方法或不同的构念；LeBel et al., 2018）。概念复现旨在探索某一效应能否被观察到及其能否被推广的边界条件（例如该效应是否仅在特定情境中、特定样本中，或采用特定测量方式时才成立），从而评估并推动理论的发展（Hüffmeier et al., 2016）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Direct replication",
+ "Generalizability"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Crüwell, S., van Doorn, J., Etz, A., Makel, M. C., Moshontz, H., Niebaum, J. C., Orben, A., Parsons, S., & Schulte-Mecklenbeck, M. (2019). Seven Easy Steps to Open Science: An Annotated Reading List. Zeitschrift Für Psychologie, 227(4), 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000387",
+ "Hüffmeier, J., Mazei, J., & Schultze, T. (2016). Reconceptualizing replication as a sequence of different studies: A replication typology. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 66, 81–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2015.09.009",
+ "LeBel, E. P., McCarthy, R. J., Earp, B. D., Elson, M., & Vanpaemel, W. (2018). A unified framework to quantify the credibility of scientific findings. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(3), 389–402. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918787489"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif; Thomas Rhys Evans"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Adrien Fillon",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Matt Jaquiery",
+ "Tina B. Lonsdorf",
+ "Catia M. Oliveira",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Graham Reid",
+ "Timo Roettger",
+ "Lisa Spitzer",
+ "Suzanne L. K. Stewart",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\255\247\350\267\257\350\212\261\345\233\255.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\255\247\350\267\257\350\212\261\345\233\255.md"
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\255\247\350\267\257\350\212\261\345\233\255.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "歧路花园 [Garden of forking paths]",
+ "sort_key": "qiluhuayuan",
+ "definition": "在科研操作化和统计分析过程中，研究者通常需要经历一个隐形的“决策树”，这源于“科学假设与统计假设之间存在的一对多的映射关系”（Gelman & Loken, 2013, p.6）。换言之，即使不存在p值操纵或“数据捕捞”行为，且研究假设已预先确立，基于现有数据仍可能产生大量看似得到理论支持的统计结果。“问题在于，当数据分析的细节高度依赖于数据本身时，即使研究者未有意识地进行任何数据探索或多个p值的检验，也可能存在大量潜在的比较”（Gelman & Loken, 2013, p.1）。这一术语旨在强调从理论到统计检验的映射过程中，由特定分析和统计选择所引发的不确定性；并且，它区分了两类研究行为——一类是蓄意的（且不道德的）不当研究行为（例如，p值操纵与“数据捕捞”），另一类则是无意的研究行为（虽无主观造假意图，却可能产生同等效果）。“歧路花园”指的是科研过程中，由于可能采取的潜在路径而导致假阳性率膨胀的决策。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "False-positive",
+ "Familywise error",
+ "Multiverse Analysis",
+ "Preregistration",
+ "Researcher degrees of freedom",
+ "Specification Curve Analysis"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Gelman, A., & Loken, E. (n.d.). The garden of forking paths: Why multiple comparisons can be a problem, even when there is no “fishing expedition” or “p-hacking” and the research hypothesis was posited ahead of time. Retrieved from http://www.stat.columbia.edu/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Flávio Azevedo; Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Gisela H. Govaart",
+ "Matt Jaquiery",
+ "Tamara Kalandadze",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\261\207\347\274\226.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\261\207\347\274\226.md"
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index 00000000000..6190f68a684
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\261\207\347\274\226.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "汇编 [Compendium]",
+ "sort_key": "huibian",
+ "definition": "汇编是指研究人员为支持报告或发表而准备的文件集合，包括数据、元数据、编程代码、软件依赖关系、许可及其他说明，以便其他研究人员能独立再现文章中报告的结果。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Compendia",
+ "Replication",
+ "Reproducibility",
+ "Research compendium;"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Claerbout, J. F., & Karrenbach, M. (1992). Electronic documents give reproducible research a new meaning. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1992, 601–604. http://sepwww.stanford.edu/doku.php?id=sep:research:reproducible:seg92",
+ "Gentleman, R. (2005). Reproducible Research: A Bioinformatics Case Study. Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology, 4, 1034. https://doi.org/10.2202/1544-6115.1034",
+ "Marwick, B., Boettiger, C., & Mullen, L. (2018). Packaging data analytical work reproducibly using R (and friends). The American Statistician, 72(1), 80–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2017.1375986",
+ "Nüst, D. C., Boettiger, C., & Marwick, B. (2018). How to Read a Research Compendium. arXiv Preprint arXiv:1806.09525. https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.09525"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Ben Marwick"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\263\250\345\206\214\346\212\245\345\221\212.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\263\250\345\206\214\346\212\245\345\221\212.md"
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index 00000000000..64c6602c926
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\263\250\345\206\214\346\212\245\345\221\212.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "注册报告 [Registered Report]",
+ "sort_key": "zhucebaogao",
+ "definition": "注册报告是一种科学出版形式，包括对背景和方法（研究设计、测量和分析计划）进行第一轮同行评审；在此阶段，质量足够高的稿件可获得原则性接受（in-principle acceptance，简称IPA）。第一阶段评审通常在数据收集前进行，但注册报告也可适用于二次数据分析。在完成数据分析以及结果和讨论部分的撰写后，第二阶段评审将评估研究者是否严格遵循其研究计划，并如实报告了偏离情况（而不会对结果进行评审）。这种形式将评审重点转向研究问题与方法论，而非评审对研究结果的兴趣。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Preregistration",
+ "Publication bias (File Drawer Problem)",
+ "Results-free review",
+ "PCI (Peer Community In)",
+ "Research Protocol"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Chambers, C. D. (2013). Registered reports: a new publishing initiative at Cortex. Cortex, 49(3), 609–610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2012.12.016",
+ "Chambers, C. D., Dienes, Z., McIntosh, R. D., Rotshtein, P., & Willmes, K. (2015). Registered reports: realigning incentives in scientific publishing. Cortex, 66, A1–A2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2015.03.022",
+ "Chambers, C. D., & Tzavella, L. (2020). Registered Reports: Past, Present and Future. https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/43298",
+ "Findley, M. G., Jensen, N. M., Malesky, E. J., & Pepinsky, T. B. (2016). Can results-free review reduce publication bias? The results and implications of a pilot study. Comparative Political Studies, 49(13), 1667–1703. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414016655539"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Madeleine Pownall"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Gilad Feldman",
+ "Emma Henderson",
+ "Aoife O’Mahony",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Mariella Paul",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Eike Mark Rinke",
+ "Timo Roettger",
+ "Olmo van den Akker",
+ "Yuki Yamada",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\346\277\200\345\212\261\346\234\272\345\210\266.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\277\200\345\212\261\346\234\272\345\210\266.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7f7cd263ce1
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\346\277\200\345\212\261\346\234\272\345\210\266.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "激励机制 [Incentive structure]",
+ "sort_key": "jilijizhi",
+ "definition": "针对科学家及其研究成果的评价与激励机制（包括显性和隐性层面），涵盖了科研人才选拔与晋升机制，资助授予记录，以及声望评价指标（例如，在高影响因子期刊发表论文、受邀进行学术报告、担任期刊编辑、获得学术奖项等）。然而，人们普遍认为这些评价标准与科学研究的本质目标相背离，因而难以推动严谨的科研成果产出。为此，《旧金山科研评估宣言》等改革倡议应运而生，倡导推动学界减少对期刊影响因子等量化指标的依赖，转而建立以科研成果内在价值为核心的评价体系。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "DORA",
+ "Metrics",
+ "Pressure",
+ "Publish or perish",
+ "Quantity",
+ "Reward structure",
+ "Scientific publications",
+ "Slow science",
+ "Structural factors"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Koole, S. L., & Lakens, D. (2012). Rewarding replications: A sure and simple way to improve psychological science. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(6), 608–614. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612462586",
+ "Nosek, B. A., Spies, J. R., & Motyl, M. (2012). Scientific utopia: II. Restructuring incentives and practices to promote truth over publishability. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(6), 615–631. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612459058",
+ "Schönbrodt, F. (2019). Training students for the Open Science future. Nature Human Behaviour, 3(10), 1031–1031. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0726-z",
+ "Smaldino, P. E., & McElreath, R. (2016). The natural selection of bad science. Royal Society Open Science, 3(9), 160384. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160384"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington; Olmo van den Akker"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Flávio Azevedo",
+ "Robert M. Ross",
+ "Graham Reid",
+ "Suzanne L. K. Stewart"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\211\210\346\234\254\346\216\247\345\210\266.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\211\210\346\234\254\346\216\247\345\210\266.md"
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "版本控制 [Version control]",
+ "sort_key": "banbenkongzhi",
+ "definition": "版本控制系统是指对数字资源（如文件、网站、程序等）进行变更管理和记录的做法，以便后续能够回溯特定版本。版本控制系统旨在记录变更历史（包括修改者、修改内容和修改时间），并帮助避免人为错误（例如误操作错误版本）。以Git系统（一种被广泛应用的软件工具）为例：该工具最初用于帮助软件开发人员对共享代码进行版本控制，现已广泛应用于众多学科领域的科学研究的文件管理与共享。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Git",
+ "Reproducibility",
+ "Software configuration management",
+ "Source code management",
+ "Source control"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Git. (n.d.). Git—About Version Control. https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Getting-Started-About-Version-Control"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Sarah Ashcroft-Jones",
+ "Thomas Rhys Evans",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Matt Jaquiery",
+ "Adam Parker",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Robert M. Ross",
+ "Timo Roettger",
+ "Andrew J. Stewart"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\211\210\351\235\242\350\264\271.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\211\210\351\235\242\350\264\271.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b225238b6e6
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\211\210\351\235\242\350\264\271.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "版面费 [Article Processing Charge (APC)]",
+ "sort_key": "banmianfei",
+ "definition": "版面费（Article Processing Charge，简称APC）是出版商向作者收取的费用，用于出版和托管开放获取文章。 APC通常用于弥补期刊从传统出版模式（如订阅或按次付费）转向开放获取后可能造成的收入损失。 虽然有些期刊的APC仅为300美元左右，但APC整体差异很大，从低于1000美元（如《Advances in Methods and Practice in Psychological Science》）到超过10,000美元（如《Nature》）不等。 尽管部分出版商为特定地区或缺乏经费的研究人员提供减免，但某些APC也被批评为远高于实际处理和托管费用（Grossmann & Brembs, 2021），并可能导致科学研究中的不平等，因为不是所有的研究人员都能够负担开放获取的高昂版面费（Smith et al., 2020）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Open Access",
+ "Under-representation"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Grossmann, A., & Brembs, B. (2021). Current market rates for scholarly publishing services. F1000Research, 10(20), 20. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.27468.1",
+ "Smith, A. C., Merz, L., Borden, J. B., Gulick, C., Kshirsagar, A. R., & Bruna, E. M. (2020). Assessing the effect of article processing charges on the geographic diversity of authors using Elsevier’s ‘Mirror Journal’ system. https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/s7cx4"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Nick Ballou"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie",
+ "Bethan Iley",
+ "Flávio Azevedo",
+ "Robert Ross",
+ "Tobias Wingen \\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_\\_"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\220\206\350\256\272.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\220\206\350\256\272.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..840718fa9b3
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\220\206\350\256\272.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "理论 [Theory]",
+ "sort_key": "lilun",
+ "definition": "理论指对某一过程或现象的统一解释或描述，它需要使用由几个独立的研究人员领导的各种实验，进行反复测试和验证。当新假说经过严格检验，可能完全推翻原有理论，或质疑其解释力不足——特别是当新假说能更好地解释现象，或虽与某些现象矛盾但更具普适性时。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Hypothesis",
+ "Model (philosophy)",
+ "Theory building"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Schafersman, S. D. (1997). An Introduction to Science. https://www.geo.sunysb.edu/esp/files/scientific-method.html",
+ "Wacker, J. (1998). A definition of theory: research guidelines for different theory-building research methods in operations management. Journal of Operations Management, 16(4), 361–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-6963(98)00019-9"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Aoife O’Mahony"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Graham Reid"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\220\206\350\256\272\345\273\272\346\236\204.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\220\206\350\256\272\345\273\272\346\236\204.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6b1cd5d4814
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\220\206\350\256\272\345\273\272\346\236\204.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "理论建构 [Theory building]",
+ "sort_key": "lilunjiangou",
+ "definition": "理论建构指提出和发展概念及其相互关系，以阐释现象发生的方式与原因的过程。理论建构常与理论检验相伴而行。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Hypothesis",
+ "Model (philosophy)",
+ "Theory",
+ "Theoretical contribution",
+ "Theoretical model"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Borsboom, D., van der Maas, H., Dalege, J., Kievit, R., & Haig, B. (2020). Theory Construction Methodology: A practical framework for theory formation in psychology. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/w5tp8",
+ "Corley, K. G., & Gioia, D. A. (2011). Building theory about theory building: what constitutes a theoretical contribution? Academy of Management Review, 36(1), 12–32. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2009.0486",
+ "Gioia, D. A., & Pitre, E. (1990). Multiparadigm perspectives on theory building. Academy of Management Review, 15(4), 584–602. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1990.4310758",
+ "Wacker, J. (1998). A definition of theory: research guidelines for different theory-building research methods in operations management. Journal of Operations Management, 16(4), 361–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-6963(98)00019-9"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Filip Dechterenko"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\220\206\350\256\272\346\250\241\345\236\213.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\220\206\350\256\272\346\250\241\345\236\213.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..3041583ff98
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\220\206\350\256\272\346\250\241\345\236\213.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "理论模型 [Model (philosophy)]",
+ "sort_key": "lilunmoxing",
+ "definition": "理论模型旨在将口头描述转化为形式化语言，以消除歧义并限制理论的适用范围。因此，理论模型是基于数据推导的。“许多科学模型都是表征模型，它们代表了世界的某一被选定方面或部分，即模型的目标系统”（Frigg & Hartman, 2020）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Hypothesis",
+ "Theory",
+ "Theory building"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Guest, O., & Martin, A. E. (2020). How computational modeling can force theory building in psychological science. Perspectives on Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620970585"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Michele C. Lim"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\233\264\346\216\245\345\244\215\347\216\260.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\233\264\346\216\245\345\244\215\347\216\260.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b8c5e7249cc
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\233\264\346\216\245\345\244\215\347\216\260.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "直接复现 [Direct replication]",
+ "sort_key": "zhijiefuxian",
+ "definition": "由于“直接复现”这一概念尚未形成广泛认可的技术定义，且其与“概念复现”间的界限亦非泾渭分明，下文将列举若干推动共识形成的观点。相较于争论复现的\"精确程度\"，更有价值的讨论应聚焦于复现研究与其目标研究之间的关键差异，以及这些差异对目标研究结果的可靠性与普适性所产生的影响。\n一般而言，直接复现是指通过尽可能贴近原始研究的方法来收集新数据的研究尝试，即“试图复制产生原始发现的核心要素”（Crüwell et al., 2019, p.243）。其目的是识别第一类错误和/或实验者效应，验证效应在相同或改进方法下的复现性，或更具体地估计效应大小（Hüffmeier et al., 2016）。复现的直接性可被视为一个连续谱系，介于重复特定观察（数据）和广义效应（现象）之间。复现研究与原始研究的接近程度常常成为争论的焦点，差异点通常被视作效应的潜在调节变量。此外，技术等效性（即使用相同材料）与心理等效性（即实现相同心理条件）对原始研究的重要性，也可能存在争议（Schwarz & Strack, 2014）。例如，设想一项2018年开展的关于美国总统信任度的研究，技术等效的复现研究可采用特朗普作为刺激材料（2018年的总统），而心理等效的复现研究则会选择拜登（现任总统）作为替代。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "close replication",
+ "Conceptual replication",
+ "exact replication",
+ "hidden moderators"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Crüwell, S., van Doorn, J., Etz, A., Makel, M. C., Moshontz, H., Niebaum, J. C., Orben, A., Parsons, S., & Schulte-Mecklenbeck, M. (2019). Seven Easy Steps to Open Science: An Annotated Reading List. Zeitschrift Für Psychologie, 227(4), 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000387",
+ "Hüffmeier, J., Mazei, J., & Schultze, T. (2016). Reconceptualizing replication as a sequence of different studies: A replication typology. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 66, 81–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2015.09.009",
+ "LeBel, E. P., Vanpaemel, W., Cheung, I., & Campbell, L. (2017). A brief guide to evaluate replications. Meta-Psychology, 3. https://doi.org/10.15626/MP.2018.843",
+ "Schwarz, N., & Strack, F. (2014). Does Merely Going Through the Same Moves Make for a “Direct” Replication?: Concepts, Contexts, and Operationalizations. Social Psychology, 45(4), 305–306."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif (original); Thomas Rhys Evans (alternative); Tina Lonsdorf (alternative)"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Beatrix Arendt",
+ "Adrien Fillon",
+ "Matt Jaquiery",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Graham Reid",
+ "Lisa Spitzer",
+ "Tobias Wingen",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\237\245\350\257\206\345\205\261\344\272\253\350\256\270\345\217\257\345\215\217\350\256\256.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\237\245\350\257\206\345\205\261\344\272\253\350\256\270\345\217\257\345\215\217\350\256\256.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..8d1dd9f3d5d
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\237\245\350\257\206\345\205\261\344\272\253\350\256\270\345\217\257\345\215\217\350\256\256.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "知识共享许可协议 [Creative Commons (CC) license]",
+ "sort_key": "zhishigongxiangxukexieyi",
+ "definition": "知识共享（Creative Commons，简称CC）是一套免费、便捷的版权许可协议，以标准化的方式界定开放数据和资料的作者和使用者的权利。CC许可协议使得作者或创作者可以与公众分享受版权保护的作品，其种类多样，条款不尽相同。例如，CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 允许材料共享和改编，条件是：必须给予原创作者署名，注明是否进行了修改，在与原作相同的许可协议下共享，且不能用于商业用途。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Copyright",
+ "Licence"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Anon. (n.d.). About CC Licenses. Retrieved from https://creativecommons.org/about/cclicenses/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Tina Lonsdorf"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Adrien Fillon",
+ "Gisela H. Govaart",
+ "Annalise A. LaPlume",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\237\245\350\257\206\350\216\267\345\217\226.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\237\245\350\257\206\350\216\267\345\217\226.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6a1a1c68c27
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\237\245\350\257\206\350\216\267\345\217\226.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "知识获取 [Knowledge acquisition]",
+ "sort_key": "zhishihuoqu",
+ "definition": "知识获取是大脑解码或提取、存储新信息，并将其与长期记忆中的现有信息联系起来的过程。鉴于知识的复杂结构和特性，哲学的认识论领域以及心理学的学习和记忆领域都对这一过程进行了研究。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Epistemology",
+ "Information",
+ "Learning"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Brule, J., & Blount, A. (1989). Knowledge acquisition. McGraw-Hill."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Oscar Lecuona"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Bradley Baker",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Kai Krautter",
+ "Graham Reid"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\240\224\347\251\266\344\272\272\345\221\230\350\207\252\347\224\261\345\272\246.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\240\224\347\251\266\344\272\272\345\221\230\350\207\252\347\224\261\345\272\246.md"
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\240\224\347\251\266\344\272\272\345\221\230\350\207\252\347\224\261\345\272\246.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "研究人员自由度 [Researcher degrees of freedom]",
+ "sort_key": "yanjiurenyuanziyoudu",
+ "definition": "研究人员自由度是指在科学过程中，研究者享有的灵活性贯穿始终，从假设生成到研究设计与实施，到数据处理与分析，再到结果解释与报告。由于缺乏明确的理论或实证证据，通常有多个不同决策都被认为同样合理。这一术语有时用来描述研究者利用灵活性来达到预期结果的机会主义行为，比如纳入或排除某些数据，但就其定义而言，术语本身并不包含价值判断。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Analytic Flexibility",
+ "Garden of forking paths",
+ "Model uncertainty",
+ "Multiverse analysis",
+ "*P*\\-hacking",
+ "Robustness (analyses)",
+ "Specification curve analysis"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Gelman, A., & Loken, E. (n.d.). The garden of forking paths: Why multiple comparisons can be a problem, even when there is no “fishing expedition” or “p-hacking” and the research hypothesis was posited ahead of time. Retrieved from http://www.stat.columbia.edu/",
+ "Simmons, J. P., Nelson, L. D., & Simonsohn, U. (2011). False-positive psychology: Undisclosed flexibility in data collection and analysis allows presenting anything as significant. Psychological Science, 22(11), 1359–1366. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611417632",
+ "Wicherts, J. M., Veldkamp, C. L., Augusteijn, H. E., Bakker, M., Van Aert, R., & Van Assen, M. A. (2016). Degrees of freedom in planning, running, analyzing, and reporting psychological studies: A checklist to avoid p-hacking. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1832. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01832"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Tina Lonsdorf"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Gilad Feldman",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Timo Roettger",
+ "Robbie C.M. van Aert",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\240\224\347\251\266\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\240\224\347\251\266\345\267\245\344\275\234\346\265\201\347\250\213.md"
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "研究工作流程 [Research workflow]",
+ "sort_key": "yanjiugongzuoliucheng",
+ "definition": "研究工作流程是指研究从概念到传播的过程。典型工作流程包括：从概念化出发，明确研究问题，然后设计研究。在研究设计完成后，研究者需获得伦理批准（如有必要），并可能选择预注册最终方案。然后，研究者收集和分析数据。最终，研究流程以传播为终点，这包括从预印本到后印本的过程，直到论文被正式发表。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Open Research Workflow",
+ "Research cycle",
+ "Research pipeline"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Kathawalla, U., Silverstein, P., & Syed, M. (2020). Easing into Open Science: A Guide for Graduate Students and Their Advisors. Collabra: Psychology. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/vzjdp Retrieved from https://psyarxiv.com/vzjdp",
+ "Stodden, V. C. (2011). Trust your science? Open your data and code."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "James E Bartlett"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Gilad Feldman",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Aleksandra Lazić",
+ "Joanne McCuaig",
+ "Timo Roettger",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Steven Verheyen"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\240\224\347\251\266\345\276\252\347\216\257.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\240\224\347\251\266\345\276\252\347\216\257.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..77e71668754
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\240\224\347\251\266\345\276\252\347\216\257.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "研究循环 [Research Cycle]",
+ "sort_key": "yanjiuxunhuan",
+ "definition": "研究循环用于描述进行科学研究的循环过程，即“研究人员在探究的不同阶段开展工作，从初步探索性研究逐步推进到验证更具确定性和充分证据支持的结论” （Lieberman, 2020, p. 42）。该循环包括文献调研和假设提出、数据收集与分析，以及成果传播（例如，通过在同行评审期刊上进行发表），这些结果又会反过来为理论构建和新假设/研究提供依据，从而形成持续迭代的研究闭环。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Research process"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Bramoullé, Y., & Saint-Paul, G. (2010). Research cycles. In Journal of Economic Theory (Vol. 145, pp. 1890–1920). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.965816",
+ "Lieberman, E. (2020). Research Cycles. In C. Elman, J. Gerring, & J. Mahoney (Eds.), The Production of Knowledge: Enhancing Progress in Social Science (pp. 42–70). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108762519.003"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Aleksandra Lazić",
+ "Graham Reid",
+ "Beatrice Valentini"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\240\224\347\251\266\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\255\230\345\202\250\345\272\223\346\263\250\345\206\214\347\263\273\347\273\237.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\240\224\347\251\266\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\255\230\345\202\250\345\272\223\346\263\250\345\206\214\347\263\273\347\273\237.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a7e7e917774
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\240\224\347\251\266\346\225\260\346\215\256\345\255\230\345\202\250\345\272\223\346\263\250\345\206\214\347\263\273\347\273\237.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "研究数据存储库注册系统 [Registry of Research Data Repositories]",
+ "sort_key": "yanjiushujucunchukuzhucexitong",
+ "definition": "研究数据存储库注册系统是一个涵盖多学科研究数据存储库的全球注册系统。该注册系统收录的存储库能为研究人员、资助机构、出版商及学术机构提供数据集的永久存储、通过元数据进行描述，以及数据集访问服务。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Metadata",
+ "Open Access",
+ "Open Data",
+ "Open Material",
+ "Repository"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Anon. (n.d.). Home | re3data.org. Retrieved from https://www.re3data.org/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Aleksandra Lazić"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Helena Hartmann"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\240\224\347\251\266\346\225\260\346\215\256\347\256\241\347\220\206.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\240\224\347\251\266\346\225\260\346\215\256\347\256\241\347\220\206.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b26e4871591
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\240\224\347\251\266\346\225\260\346\215\256\347\256\241\347\220\206.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "研究数据管理 [Research Data Management]",
+ "sort_key": "yanjiushujuguanli",
+ "definition": "研究数据管理是一个广义的概念，包括用于创建有组织、文档化、可访问且可重复使用的高质量研究数据的过程。充分的数据管理能带来诸多益处，包括但不限于：降低数据丢失的可能性、通过数据共享提高可见性和促进合作、展示研究诚信与责任。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Data curation",
+ "Data documentation",
+ "Data management plan (DMP)",
+ "Data sharing",
+ "Metadata",
+ "Research data management"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Corti, L., Van den Eynden, V., Bishop, L., & Woollard, M. (2019). Managing and sharing research data: a guide to good practice. Sage."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Micah Vandegrift"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Tina B. Lonsdorf",
+ "Catia M. Oliveira",
+ "Julia Wolska"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\240\224\347\251\266\346\226\271\346\241\210.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\240\224\347\251\266\346\226\271\346\241\210.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f3c1fcbc0d7
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\240\224\347\251\266\346\226\271\346\241\210.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "研究方案 [Research Protocol]",
+ "sort_key": "yanjiufangan",
+ "definition": "研究方案是在开展研究前撰写的详细文件，通常作为伦理审查和资助申请材料的一部分，其内容需包含研究背景、理论基础、目标以及反映研究者预期的科学假设，同时还应提供研究的“操作指南”，涵盖方法学细节和明确的分析计划。制定研究方案时应遵循特定方法和领域的最佳实践指南。公开共享研究方案能吸引新合作者，或促进跨实验室的高效合作（https://www.protocols.io/）。在医学和教育领域，研究方案常作为独立的文章类型在期刊发表，若所在领域尚无方案共享或发表的惯例，研究者可选择进行预注册。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Many Labs",
+ "Preregistration"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "BMJ. (2015). Introducing ‘How to write and publish a Study Protocol’ using BMJ’s new eLearning programme: Research to Publication. Retrieved from https://blogs.bmj.com/bmjopen/2015/09/22/introducing-how-to-write-and-publish-a-study-protocol-using-bmjs-new-elearning-programme-research-to-publication/",
+ "Nosek, B. A., Ebersole, C. R., DeHaven, A. C., & Mellor, D. T. (2018). The preregistration revolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(11), 2600–2606. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708274114"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Marta Topor"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Bethan Iley",
+ "Annalise A. LaPlume",
+ "Charlotte Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\240\224\347\251\266\350\257\232\344\277\241.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\240\224\347\251\266\350\257\232\344\277\241.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b1affa8ae2c
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\240\224\347\251\266\350\257\232\344\277\241.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "研究诚信 [Research integrity]",
+ "sort_key": "yanjiuchengxin",
+ "definition": "研究诚信是指建立在诚实、可靠、尊重和责任等基本原则（ALLEA, 2017）之上的一系列良好研究实践规范，这些规范根植于研究诚信的基本原则，能够指导研究人员开展工作，并应对科研工作中实践、伦理和智力层面的挑战，其涵盖领域包括：研究环境（例如，研究机构和组织促进对研究诚信的意识，确保形成诚信文化）、培训监督和指导（例如，研究机构和组织开展适当和充分的伦理和诚信培训，确保所有相关人员知悉规范）、研究程序（例如，研究人员按照学科标准报告研究结果，并确保结果可被验证和重复）、保障措施（例如，研究人员要充分考虑社区、合作伙伴及与研究相关的其他人员的健康、安全和福利）、数据实践和管理（例如，研究人员、机构和组织应就其数据与研究材料的获取及使用方式保持公开透明）、协作、出版和传播（例如，作者和出版商应像重视阳性结果一样，同等重视阴性结果的发表价值）、审查评估和编辑（例如，研究人员在审查和评估出版、资助、任命、晋升或奖励申请时，应采取透明和合理的方式）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Credibility of scientific claims",
+ "Error detection",
+ "Ethics",
+ "Open research",
+ "Questionable Research Practices or Questionable Reporting Practices (QRPs)",
+ "Responsible Research Practices",
+ "Rigour",
+ "Transparency",
+ "Trustworthy research"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Academies, A. A. E. (2017). The European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity. Revised Edition. Retrieved from https://allea.org/code-of-conduct/",
+ "Medin, D. L. (2012). Rigor without rigor mortis: The APS Board discusses research integrity. APS Observer, 25(5–9), 27–28. https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/scientific-rigor",
+ "Moher, D., Bouter, L., Kleinert, S., Glasziou, P., Sham, M. H., Barbour, V., & Dirnagl, U. (2020). The Hong Kong Principles for assessing researchers: Fostering research integrity. PLoS Biology, 18(7), e3000737. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000737"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Ana Barbosa Mendes; Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Valeria Agostini",
+ "Bradley Baker",
+ "Gilad Feldman",
+ "Tamara Kalandadze",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\240\224\347\251\266\350\264\241\347\214\256\346\214\207\346\240\207_p_.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\240\224\347\251\266\350\264\241\347\214\256\346\214\207\346\240\207_p_.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ca185bc73d9
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\240\224\347\251\266\350\264\241\347\214\256\346\214\207\346\240\207_p_.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "研究贡献指标（p） [Research Contribution Metric (*p*)]",
+ "sort_key": "yanjiugongxianzhibiao（p）",
+ "definition": "研究贡献指标是一种用于评估引文网络中关联文献相似度的语义计量方法。这种方法通过简单的公式来衡量作者的贡献。具体而言，某篇出版物p的贡献度可基于其引用的文献与被引文献之间的语义距离来测算。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Semantometrics"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Knoth, P., & Herrmannova, D. (2014). Towards semantometrics: A new semantic similarity based measure for assessing a research publication’s contribution. D-Lib Magazine, 20(11), 8. https://doi.org/10.1045/november2014-knoth",
+ "Holcombe, A. O. (2019). Contributorship, not authorship: Use CRediT to indicate who did what. Publications, 7(3), 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/publications7030048",
+ "Larivière, V., Desrochers, N., Macaluso, B., Mongeon, P., Paul-Hus, A., & Sugimoto, C. R. (2016). Contributorship and division of labor in knowledge production. Social Studies of Science, 46(3), 417–435. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312716650046"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Alaa AlDoh"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Michele C. Lim",
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Micah Vandegrift",
+ "Dominik Kiersz ####"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\241\256\350\256\244\345\201\217\350\257\257.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\241\256\350\256\244\345\201\217\350\257\257.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7b2dfe51bac
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\241\256\350\256\244\345\201\217\350\257\257.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "确认偏误 [Confirmation bias]",
+ "sort_key": "querenpianwu",
+ "definition": "确认偏误是指寻找、解释、偏袒和回忆那些支持自己既有价值观、信念、期望或假设的信息的倾向。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Confirmatory bias",
+ "Congeniality bias",
+ "Myside bias"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Bishop, D. V. (2020). The psychology of experimental psychologists: Overcoming cognitive constraints to improve research: The 47th Sir Frederic Bartlett Lecture. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 73(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747021819886519",
+ "Nickerson, R. S. (1998). Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises. Review of General Psychology, 2(2), 175–220. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175",
+ "Spencer, E. A., & Heneghan, C. (2018). Confirmation bias. Catalogue Of Bias. https://catalogofbias.org/biases/confirmation-bias/",
+ "Wason, P. C. (1960). On the failure to eliminate hypotheses in a conceptual task. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 12(3), 129–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470216008416717"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Barnabas Szaszi; Jenny Terry"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Tamara Kalandadze",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\244\276\344\274\232\350\236\215\345\220\210.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\244\276\344\274\232\350\236\215\345\220\210.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..55a9e473a9d
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\244\276\344\274\232\350\236\215\345\220\210.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "社会融合 [Social integration]",
+ "sort_key": "shehuironghe",
+ "definition": "社会融合是一个多维构念。在学术环境中，它与教职员工和学生间社交互动的数量与质量，以及对大学及所属群体的归属感与联结度有关。具体而言，社会支持、信任和人际联结等因素均能促进社会融合。研究证实，社会融合对学业成绩和心理健康具有重要影响（Evans & Rubin, 2021）。例如，工薪阶层学生常因社会经济背景差异及有限的可支配收入，而很难与其他学生融合。因此，他们无法体验到与其他人一样多的教育和财政资源，并且这可能导致心理健康状况不佳和产生被排斥的感觉（Rubin, 2021）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Social class"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Evans, O., & Rubin, M. (2021). In a Class on Their Own: Investigating the Role of Social Integration in the Association Between Social Class and Mental Well-Being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 014616722110211. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672211021190",
+ "Rubin, M., Evans, O., & McGuffog, R. (2019). Social class differences in social integration at university: Implications for academic outcomes and mental health. In J. Jetten & K. Peters (Eds.), The social psychology of inequality (pp. 87–102). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28856-3_6",
+ "Rubin, M. (2021). Explaining the association between subjective social status and mental health among university students using an impact ratings approach. SN Social Sciences, 1(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-020-00031-3"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Leticia Micheli",
+ "Eliza Woodward",
+ "Julika Wolska",
+ "Gerald Vineyard",
+ "Yu-Fang Yang",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
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diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\244\276\344\274\232\351\230\266\345\261\202.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\244\276\344\274\232\351\230\266\345\261\202.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "社会阶层 [Social class]",
+ "sort_key": "shehuijieceng",
+ "definition": "根据美国心理学会（American Psychological Association, Task Force on Socioeconomic Status, 2007）的建议，社会阶层的测量通常需要结合客观与主观方法的方法。因为主客观社会阶层可能存在差异，例如，个体的客观社会经济地位可能较高，但其主观阶层认同仍可能属于工人阶级。区别于仅关注单一指标（如教育或收入）的传统测量方式，个体的社会阶层应该被视为教育、收入、职业声望、主观社会地位及自我社会阶层认同的综合体。社会阶层亦具文化维度属性，因其相对稳定，变化通常缓慢且需历时多年。这一变量对学业成就具有重要影响。例如，工薪阶层学生常因生活环境差异及更多经济约束，较之中产阶级学生更难融入校园社交环境（Rubin, 2021）。时间与金钱的匮乏限制了其大学社交体验。他们往往需兼职谋生，导致投入学业及同辈社交的时间减少，也无力承担社交活动（如餐饮）的支出。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Social integration"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Evans, O., & Rubin, M. (2021). In a Class on Their Own: Investigating the Role of Social Integration in the Association Between Social Class and Mental Well-Being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 014616722110211. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672211021190",
+ "Rubin, M., Evans, O., & McGuffog, R. (2019). Social class differences in social integration at university: Implications for academic outcomes and mental health. In J. Jetten & K. Peters (Eds.), The social psychology of inequality (pp. 87–102). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28856-3_6",
+ "Rubin, M. (2021). Explaining the association between subjective social status and mental health among university students using an impact ratings approach. SN Social Sciences, 1(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-020-00031-3"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Leticia Micheli",
+ "Eliza Woodward",
+ "Julika Wolska",
+ "Gerald Vineyard",
+ "Yu-Fang Yang"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\246\201\350\277\220\346\234\237.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\246\201\350\277\220\346\234\237.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "禁运期 [Embargo Period]",
+ "sort_key": "jinyunqi",
+ "definition": "在开放科学实践的学术出版领域，禁运期特指论文发表后至开放获取前的这段时间。作者如想自行存档文章（例如，存入开放获取存储库），必须遵循出版商设定的禁运期规定。禁运期可能从即时到48个月不等，其中6个月和12个月最为常见（Laakso & Björk, 2013）。禁运期同样适用于预注册方案、研究材料及数据，当作者选择暂不公开这些内容时（例如，当论文发表时，或在他们有后续发表计划、希望避免成果被抢先发表时），便会启动相应的延迟公开机制（Klein et al., 2018）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Open access",
+ "Paywall",
+ "Preprint"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Klein, O., Hardwicke, T. E., Aust, F., Breuer, J., Danielsson, H., Mohr, A. H., IJzerman, H., Nilsonne, G., Vanpaemel, W., & Frank, M. C. (2018). A practical guide for transparency in psychological science. Collabra: Psychology, 4(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.158",
+ "Laakso, M., & Björk, B. C. (2013). Delayed open access: An overlooked high‐impact category of openly available scientific literature. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 64(7), 1323–1329.",
+ "Embargo (academic publishing). (2021). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Embargo_(academic_publishing)&oldid=1016895567"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Aleksandra Lazić"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Bradley Baker",
+ "Adam Parker",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Steven Verheyen",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\250\263\345\201\245\346\200\247_\345\210\206\346\236\220_.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\250\263\345\201\245\346\200\247_\345\210\206\346\236\220_.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "稳健性（分析） [Robustness (analyses)]",
+ "sort_key": "wenjianxing（fenxi）",
+ "definition": "稳健性是指研究假设在方法学/分析流程发生扰动时仍能保持成立的特性。稳健性分析，即通过应用不同的分析方法或流程来验证同一结论在不同分析条件下是否依然成立。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Many Labs",
+ "Multiverse analysis",
+ "Sensitivity analyses",
+ "Specification Curve Analysis"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Goodman, S. N., Fanelli, D., & Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2016). What does research reproducibility mean? Science Translational Medicine, 8(341), 341ps12-341ps12. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf5027",
+ "Nosek, B. A., & Errington, T. M. (2020). What is replication? PLOS Biology, 18(3), e3000691. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000691"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Tina Lonsdorf; Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Gilad Feldman",
+ "Adrien Fillon",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Timo Roettger"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\253\213\345\234\272\346\200\247.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\253\213\345\234\272\346\200\247.md"
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "立场性 [Positionality]",
+ "sort_key": "lichangxing",
+ "definition": "立场性是指将研究环境和研究者情境化，以界定研究的边界范围（Jaraf, 2018）。立场性一直在定性研究中被重视和推崇，但近年来也有研究者呼吁在定量研究中应用这一概念。研究者撰写“立场声明”阐明其背景以及在研究中的立场定位，已被视为识别与聚焦研究者偏见的有效方法之一。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Bias",
+ "Reflexivity",
+ "Perspective"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Jafar, A. J. N. (2018). What is positionality and should it be expressed in quantitative studies? Emergency Medicine Journal, 35(5), 323–324. https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2017-207158"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Joanne McCuaig"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Aoife O’Mahony",
+ "Madeleine Pownall",
+ "Graham Reid"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\253\213\345\234\272\346\200\247\345\233\276\350\260\261.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\253\213\345\234\272\346\200\247\345\233\276\350\260\261.md"
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\253\213\345\234\272\346\200\247\345\233\276\350\260\261.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "立场性图谱 [Positionality Map]",
+ "sort_key": "lichangxingtupu",
+ "definition": "立场性图谱是一种在定性研究中用于明确立场的反思工具。该图谱旨在作为一个灵活的起点引导研究者反思并觉察其社会立场，其内容包含三个层级：社会身份识别（第一层），这些身份立场对生活的影响（第二层），以及与社会身份特殊性相关的细节（第三层）（Jacobson & Mustafa, 2019, p. 1）。立场性图谱的目标是“让研究者更清晰地识别和理解自身的社会立场，以及这些立场可能为质性研究过程带来的挑战与便利”。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Positionality",
+ "Qualitative research",
+ "Social identity map",
+ "Transparency"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Jacobson, D., & Mustafa, N. (2019). Social Identity Map: A Reflexivity Tool for Practicing Explicit Positionality in Critical Qualitative Research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 18, 1609406919870075. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406919870075"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Joanne McCuaig"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Michele C. Lim",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Graham Reid"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\255\211\346\225\210\346\200\247\346\243\200\351\252\214.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\255\211\346\225\210\346\200\247\346\243\200\351\252\214.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "等效性检验 [Equivalence Testing]",
+ "sort_key": "dengxiaoxingjianyan",
+ "definition": "等效性检验通过统计学方法评估一个零假设，即给定效应量超过了被视为有意义的最小标准值。因而，拒绝零假设则表明缺乏（有实际意义的）效应。等效性检验基于频率学派，设定等效界限，即研究者感兴趣的最小效应量的上下限，并通过两次单侧 t 检验评估是否能拒绝那些被认为具有实际意义的效应（Schuirmann, 1972; Lakens et al., 2018; 2020）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Equivalence bounds",
+ "Falsification",
+ "Frequentist analyses",
+ "Inference by confidence intervals",
+ "Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST)",
+ "Smallest effect size of interest (SESOI)",
+ "TOSTER",
+ "TOST procedure."
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Lakens, D., Scheel, A. M., & Isager, P. M. (2018). Equivalence testing for psychological research: A tutorial. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(2), 259–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918770963",
+ "Lakens, D., McLatchie, N., Isager, P. M., Scheel, A. M., & Dienes, Z. (2020). Improving inferences about null effects with Bayes factors and equivalence tests. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 75(1), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby065",
+ "Schuirmann, D. J. (1987). A comparison of the two one-sided tests procedure and the power approach for assessing the equivalence of average bioavailability. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, 15, 657–680. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01068419"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Bradley Baker",
+ "James E. Bartlett",
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Tobias Wingen",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\263\273\347\273\237\347\273\274\350\277\260.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\263\273\347\273\237\347\273\274\350\277\260.md"
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "系统综述 [Systematic Review]",
+ "sort_key": "xitongzongshu",
+ "definition": "系统综述是一种文献综述和证据综合方法。其核心在于制定全面且可复现的检索策略，涵盖关键术语和数据库，以查找特定主题或研究问题的相关文献。系统综述人员会逐层筛选检索到的文献，最终保留符合预设纳入标准的论文。随后，这些论文将被综合成书面综述，有时还会结合元分析进行统计综合。为确保将偏见保持在最低限度，系统综述应遵循标准指南，例如PRISMA（Moher et al., 2009; Page et al., 2021）、Cochrane系统综述手册（Higgins et al., 2019）或 NIRO-SR（Topor et al., 2021）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Meta-analysis",
+ "CONSORT",
+ "Non-Intervention, Reproducible, and Open Systematic Reviews (NIRO-SR)",
+ "PRISMA"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Higgins, J. P. T., Thomas, J., Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M. J., & Welch, V. A. (Eds.). (2019). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. 2nd Edition. John Wiley & Sons.",
+ "Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. (2009). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097",
+ "Page, M. J., Moher, D., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., & McKenzie, J. E. (2021). PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. British Medical Journal, 372. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n160",
+ "Topor, M., Pickering, J. S., Barbosa Mendes, A., Bishop, D. V. M., Büttner, F. C., Elsherif, M. M., & others. (2021). An integrative framework for planning and conducting Non-Intervention, Reproducible, and Open Systematic Reviews (NIRO-SR). https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/8gu5z"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Jade Pickering"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Adam Parker",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Timo Roettger",
+ "Marta Topor",
+ "Emily A. Williams",
+ "Flávio Azevedo ###"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\264\257\347\247\257\346\200\247\347\247\221\345\255\246.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\264\257\347\247\257\346\200\247\347\247\221\345\255\246.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "累积性科学 [Cumulative science]",
+ "sort_key": "leijixingkexue",
+ "definition": "实证科学的目标在于“构建一个累积性的知识基础，以便科学的未来可建立在其基础之上” （Curran, 2009, p. 1）。累积性科学支持这样一种观点，即随着所收集的证据和数据的增多，科学将创造出更完整和准确的理论。累积性科学的发展并非突然发生的，而是循序渐进的。革命性科学鲜有出现，而累积性科学才是最常见的科学形式。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Slow Science"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Curran, P. J. (2009). The seemingly quixotic pursuit of a cumulative psychological science: Introduction to the special issue. Psychological Methods, 14(2), 77–80. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015972",
+ "d’Espagnat, B. (2008). Is science cumulative? A physicist viewpoint. In Rethinking Scientific Change and Theory Comparison (pp. 145–151). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6279-7_10",
+ "Kuhn, T. (1962). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. University of Chicago Press.",
+ "Mischel, W. (2009). Becoming a Cumulative Science. Association for Psychological Science. https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/becoming-a-cumulative-science"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Beatrice Valentini"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Sarah Ashcroft-Jones",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Oscar Lecuona",
+ "Wanyin Li",
+ "Sonia Rishi",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
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+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\272\242\351\230\237.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "红队 [Red Teams]",
+ "sort_key": "hongdui",
+ "definition": "红队是一种将来自同行的外部批评整合到研究流程中的方法，其核心理念认为：经过更广泛、更严格评估的研究更具可靠性。该术语源于军事活动：红队负责攻击，蓝队则负责防御。这一实践已被应用于开放科学领域，通过为红队提供经济奖励，鼓励其识别研究项目（包括材料、代码或写作）中的错误和改进之处（Coles et al., 2020）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Adversarial collaboration"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Coles, N. A., Tiokhin, L., Arslan, R., Forscher, P., Scheel, A., & Lakens, D. (2020). Red Team Challenge. http://daniellakens.blogspot.com/2020/05/red-team-challenge.html",
+ "Lakens, D. (2020). The 20% Statistician: Red Team Challenge. The 20% Statistician. http://daniellakens.blogspot.com/2020/05/red-team-challenge.html"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Annalise A. LaPlume"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Nick Ballou",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Thomas Rhys Evans",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Timo Roettger"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\217\346\265\216\345\222\214\347\244\276\344\274\232\345\275\261\345\223\215.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\217\346\265\216\345\222\214\347\244\276\344\274\232\345\275\261\345\223\215.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..19eac6221c4
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "经济和社会影响 [Economic and societal impact]",
+ "sort_key": "jingjiheshehuiyingxiang",
+ "definition": "经济和社会影响是指研究项目对更广泛的经济和社会的贡献，同时展示了研究为个人、组织和国家带来的益处。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Academic Impact"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Economic, & Council, S. R. (n.d.). What is impact? Retrieved 8 July 2021. https://www.ukri.org/councils/esrc/impact-toolkit-for-economic-and-social-sciences/defining-impact/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Adam Parker"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Aoife O’Mahony",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\223\346\236\234\345\267\262\347\237\245\345\220\216\345\201\207\350\256\276.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\223\346\236\234\345\267\262\347\237\245\345\220\216\345\201\207\350\256\276.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..502d9fb9a44
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\223\346\236\234\345\267\262\347\237\245\345\220\216\345\201\207\350\256\276.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "结果已知后假设 [HARKing]",
+ "sort_key": "jieguoyizhihoujiashe",
+ "definition": "结果已知后假设（Hypothesizing After the Results are Known，简称HARKing），是一种存在争议的科研实践，其定义为“在研究报告中，把基于研究结果的事后假设，即受结果启发或调整后的假设，伪装成预先提出的先验假设”（Kerr, 1998, p. 196）。例如，研究者可能先进行亚组分析，发现某一亚组存在显著效应后，在论文引言部分提出与该结果相匹配的“假设”。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Analytic Flexibility",
+ "Confirmatory analyses",
+ "Exploratory data analysis",
+ "Fudging",
+ "Garden of forking paths",
+ "P-hacking",
+ "Questionable Research Practices or Questionable Reporting Practices (QRPs)"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Kerr, N. L. (1998). HARKing: Hypothesizing after the results are known. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2(3), 196–217. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0203_4",
+ "Nosek, B. A., & Lakens, D. (2014). Registered reports. Social Psychology, 45, 137–141. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000192"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Beatrix Arendt"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Matt Jaquiery",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Martin Vasilev",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\223\346\236\234\345\267\262\347\237\245\345\220\216\346\211\271\350\257\204.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\223\346\236\234\345\267\262\347\237\245\345\220\216\346\211\271\350\257\204.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ac1ae95f7a7
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\223\346\236\234\345\267\262\347\237\245\345\220\216\346\211\271\350\257\204.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "结果已知后批评 [CARKing]",
+ "sort_key": "jieguoyizhihoupiping",
+ "definition": "结果已知后的批评（Critiquing After the Results are Known，简称CARKing）是指将在得知结果后提出的对研究设计的批评，伪装成是在结果公布前就已预见的。它通常表现为对不受欢迎或不利结果的反应或批评，无论批评者是否意识到这一点。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "HARKing",
+ "Preregistration",
+ "Registered Report"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Bardsley, N. (2018). What lessons does the “replication crisis” in psychology hold for experimental economics? In Handbook of Psychology and Economic Behaviour, 2nd edition. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/69874/",
+ "Nosek, B. A., & Lakens, D. (2014). Registered reports. Social Psychology, 45, 137–141. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000192"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie",
+ "Ashley Blake",
+ "Adrien Fillon",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\223\346\236\234\345\267\262\347\237\245\345\220\216\351\242\204\346\263\250\345\206\214.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\223\346\236\234\345\267\262\347\237\245\345\220\216\351\242\204\346\263\250\345\206\214.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..16a2b362984
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\223\346\236\234\345\267\262\347\237\245\345\220\216\351\242\204\346\263\250\345\206\214.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "结果已知后预注册 [PARKing]",
+ "sort_key": "jieguoyizhihouyuzhuce",
+ "definition": "结果已知后预注册（preregistering after results are known，简称PARKing）指的是研究人员在完成一个实验（可能无限次重复实验）后才进行预注册。这种做法违背了预注册的初衷，仅仅是为了追求\"已预注册的可信度\"，可谓是一种不当研究实践，甚至是学术不端行为。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "HARKing",
+ "Preregistration",
+ "Questionable Research Practices or Questionable Reporting Practices (QRPs)"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Ikeda, A., Xu, H., Fuji, N., Zhu, S., & Yamada, Y. (2019). Questionable research practices following pre-registration. Japanese Psychological Review, 62, 281–295.",
+ "Yamada, Y. (2018). How to crack pre-registration: Toward transparent and open science. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1831. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01831"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Qinyu Xiao"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Yuki Yamada"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\237\350\256\241\345\201\207\350\256\276.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\237\350\256\241\345\201\207\350\256\276.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d6f3aaed46a
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\237\350\256\241\345\201\207\350\256\276.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "统计假设 [Statistical Assumptions]",
+ "sort_key": "tongjijiashe",
+ "definition": "统计分析方法和模型通常假定数据具有某些特征（如统计独立性、样本随机性、正态性、方差齐性等）。在进行分析前必须审慎检验这些假设，因其一旦被违反，可能影响研究结果与结论。在开放和可重复科学中，根据验证的假设和检查或修正的结果，报告假设测试属于良好实践。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST)",
+ "Statistical Significance",
+ "Statistical Validity",
+ "Transparency",
+ "Type I error",
+ "Type II error",
+ "Type M error",
+ "Type S error"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Garson, G. D. (2012). Testing Statistical Assumptions (2012th ed.). North Carolina State University.",
+ "Hahn, G. J., & Meeker, W. Q. (1993). Assumptions for Statistical Inference. The American Statistician, 47(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.1993.10475924",
+ "Hoekstra, R., Kiers, H., & Johnson, A. (2012). Are assumptions of well-known statistical techniques checked, and why (not)? Frontiers in Psychology, 3(137), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00137"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Graham Reid"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Martin Vasilev",
+ "Julia Wolska"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\237\350\256\241\345\212\237\346\225\210.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\237\350\256\241\345\212\237\346\225\210.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..23e3fa4e9cb
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\237\350\256\241\345\212\237\346\225\210.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "统计功效 [Statistical power]",
+ "sort_key": "tongjigongxiao",
+ "definition": "统计功效是指当备择假设为真时，统计检验正确拒绝零假设时的长期概率。其取值范围为0至1，常以百分比表示。功效可基于所选显著性水平（α）、效应量及样本量进行估算。其主要应用包括：(1) 先验功效分析：旨在确定在特定效应量下，达到预期功效水平（如 X%）所需的样本量；(2) 敏感性分析：旨在评估在给定样本量和显著性水平下，能够以特定功效水平（如 X%）检测到的效应量大小。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Effect Size",
+ "Meta-analysis",
+ "Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST)",
+ "Power Analysis",
+ "Positive Predictive Value",
+ "Quantitative research",
+ "Sample size",
+ "Significance criterion (alpha)",
+ "Type I error",
+ "Type II error"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Carter, A., Tilling, K., & Munafo, M. R. (2021). Considerations of sample size and power calculations given a range of analytical scenarios. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/tcqrn",
+ "Cohen, J. (1962). The statistical power of abnormal-social psychological research: A review. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 65(3), 145–153. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0045186",
+ "Cohen, J. (1969). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Academic Press.",
+ "Dienes, Z. (2008). Understanding psychology as a science: An introduction to scientific and statistical inference. Macmillan International Higher Education.",
+ "Giner-Sorolla, R., Aberson, C. L., Bostyn, D. H., Carpenter, T., Conrique, B. G., Lewis, N. A., & Soderberg, C. (2019). Power to detect what? Considerations for planning and evaluating sample size. Retrieved from https://osf.io/jnmya/",
+ "Ioannidis, J. P. (2005). Why most published research findings are false. PLoS Medicine, 2(8), e124. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124",
+ "Lakens, D. (2021). Sample Size Justification. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9d3yf"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Thomas Rhys Evans"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "James E. Bartlett",
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Adrien Fillon",
+ "Emma Henderson",
+ "Tamara Kalandadze",
+ "William Ngiam",
+ "Catia M. Oliveira",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Graham Reid",
+ "Martin Vasilev",
+ "Qinyu Xiao",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\237\350\256\241\346\225\210\345\272\246.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\237\350\256\241\346\225\210\345\272\246.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f7550231389
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\237\350\256\241\346\225\210\345\272\246.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "统计效度 [Statistical validity]",
+ "sort_key": "tongjixiaodu",
+ "definition": "统计效度指统计检验结果的准确性以及反映真实效应的程度。换句话说，统计效度关注变量间是否存在关联，以及所采用的分析方法能否准确检测出该关联。威胁统计效度的因素包括低统计功效、违反模型假设、测量信度不足等，这会进而影响研究结论的可靠性与可推广性。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Power",
+ "Validity",
+ "Statistical assumptions"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (1979). Quasi-Experimentation. Rand McNally.",
+ "Drost, E. A. (2011). Validity and reliability in social science research. Education Research and Perspectives, 38(1), 105–123."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Annalise A. LaPlume"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft, Zoltan Kekecs",
+ "Graham Reid"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\237\350\256\241\346\230\276\350\221\227\346\200\247.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\237\350\256\241\346\230\276\350\221\227\346\200\247.md"
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\237\350\256\241\346\230\276\350\221\227\346\200\247.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "统计显著性 [Statistical significance]",
+ "sort_key": "tongjixianzhuxing",
+ "definition": "统计显著性描述的是使用零假设显著性检验（Null Hypothesis Significance Testing，简称NHST）得到的结果的一种属性，即在给定显著性水平（α）下，观测结果被认为在零假设成立时发生的概率极低。如 Tenny 和 Abdelgawad（2017, p.1）所述，它衡量的是“在零假设为真的条件下，获得当前数据或更极端数据的概率，与预设的可接受不确定性水平相比较的度量”。不同应用领域对显著性阈值的设定标准存在差异，但最终取决于研究者对适当误差范围的考量。美国统计协会 强调：“p 值常被误解为对零假设真伪的判断或观测数据由随机变异产生的概率。实则不然。p 值仅是数据与特定统计模型（零假设）间的关系的表述，而非对假设本身的直接论断”（Wasserstein & Lazar, 2016, p.131）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Alpha error",
+ "Frequentist statistics",
+ "Null hypothesis",
+ "Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST)",
+ "*P*\\-value",
+ "Type I error **Incorrect definition:** Statistical significance describes the likelihood of the observed result against chance (regardless of the null hypotheses)"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Cassidy, S. A., Dimova, R., Giguère, B., Spence, J. R., & Stanley, D. J. (2019). Failing grade: 89% of introduction-to-psychology textbooks that define or explain statistical significance do so incorrectly. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 2(3), 233–239. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245919858072",
+ "Wasserstein, R. L., & Lazar, N. A. (2016). The ASA Statement on p-Values: Context, Process, and Purpose. The American Statistician, 70, 129–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2016.1154108"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Alaa AlDoh; Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "James E. Bartlett",
+ "Alexander Hart",
+ "Annalise A. LaPlume",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Graham Reid",
+ "Timo Roettger",
+ "Suzanne L. K. Stewart"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\237\350\256\241\346\250\241\345\236\213.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\237\350\256\241\346\250\241\345\236\213.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..67a34bdfa12
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\237\350\256\241\346\250\241\345\236\213.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "统计模型 [Model (statistical)]",
+ "sort_key": "tongjimoxing",
+ "definition": "统计模型是对观察数据的数学表示，旨在反应研究总体，帮助理解现象、识别变量间关系，并预测未来实例。一个经典例子是利用卡方检验研究吸烟与癌症的关系（Doll & Hill, 1954）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Bayesian Inference",
+ "Model (computational)",
+ "Model (philosophy)",
+ "Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST)"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Doll, R., & Hill, A. B. (1954). The mortality of doctors in relation to their smoking habits; a preliminary report. British Medical Journal, 1(4877), 1451–1455. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.1.4877.1451"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Alaa AlDoh",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Meng Liu",
+ "Catia M. Oliveira",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\274\345\220\210\347\237\245\350\257\206\346\241\243\346\241\210\347\275\221\347\273\234.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\274\345\220\210\347\237\245\350\257\206\346\241\243\346\241\210\347\275\221\347\273\234.md"
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index 00000000000..2870dfdfd8b
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\273\274\345\220\210\347\237\245\350\257\206\346\241\243\346\241\210\347\275\221\347\273\234.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "综合知识档案网络 [CKAN]",
+ "sort_key": "zonghezhishidanganwangluo",
+ "definition": "综合知识档案网络（Comprehensive Knowledge Archive Network，简称CKAN）是一个开源数据平台和免费软件，旨在提供工具来简化数据发布和共享的流程。CKAN支持政府、研究机构及其他组织管理和发布大量数据。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Data platforms",
+ "Data sharing"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Anon. (n.d.). Ckan. Retrieved from https://ckan.org/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Tsvetomira Dumbalska"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie",
+ "Kai Krautter",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\274\226\347\240\201\350\241\250.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\274\226\347\240\201\350\241\250.md"
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "编码表 [Codebook]",
+ "sort_key": "bianmabiao",
+ "definition": "编码表是对数据集内容、结构、特征和布局的高层次概述。一个完善的编码表应为数据文件中的每个变量提供完整且自解释的信息，包括条目的表述方式、编码方式以及其所代表的潜在概念。编码表为不了解数据却想复现分析或重复使用数据的研究者提供了公开的指导。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Data dictionary",
+ "Metadata"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Arslan, R. C. (2019). How to Automatically Document Data With the codebook Package to Facilitate Data Reuse. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 2(2), 169–187. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245919838783"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Tina Lonsdorf"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie",
+ "Ashley Blake, Kai Krautter",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\275\221\347\273\234\350\256\241\351\207\217\345\255\246.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\275\221\347\273\234\350\256\241\351\207\217\345\255\246.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..23873c98e39
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\275\221\347\273\234\350\256\241\351\207\217\345\255\246.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "网络计量学 [Webometrics]",
+ "sort_key": "wangluojiliangxue",
+ "definition": "网络计量学聚焦对在线内容的研究，关注不同网站间超链接的数量与类型。这种方法被认为是替代度量的一种，“基于文献计量学与信息计量学方法，对网络信息资源、结构和技术的构建和应用进行定量研究”（Björneborn & Ingwersen, 2004）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Altmetrics",
+ "Bibliometrics"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Bjørneborn, L., & Ingwersen, P. (2004). Toward a basic framework for webometrics. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 55(14), 1216–1227. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.20077"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Christopher Graham",
+ "Mirela Zaneva"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\347\275\262\345\220\215\351\241\272\345\272\217\345\206\263\345\256\232\350\264\241\347\214\256\346\263\225.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\275\262\345\220\215\351\241\272\345\272\217\345\206\263\345\256\232\350\264\241\347\214\256\346\263\225.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..38a5f59020c
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\347\275\262\345\220\215\351\241\272\345\272\217\345\206\263\345\256\232\350\264\241\347\214\256\346\263\225.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "署名顺序决定贡献法 [Sequence-determines-credit approach (SDC)]",
+ "sort_key": "shumingshunxujuedinggongxianfa",
+ "definition": "署名顺序决定贡献法是一种按照每位作者贡献大小来决定署名顺序的方法。作者姓名依贡献大小的顺序排列，贡献最大的作者在前，贡献最小的作者在后。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Authorship",
+ "First-last-author-emphasis norm (FLAE)"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Schmidt, R. H. (1987). A worksheet for authorship of scientific articles. The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, 68, 8–10. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20166549",
+ "Tscharntke, T., Hochberg, M. E., Rand, T. A., Resh, V. H., & Krauss, J. (2007). Author sequence and credit for contributions in multiauthored publications. PLoS Biology, 5(1), e18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0050018"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Myriam A. Baum"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\350\201\224\345\220\210\344\275\234\350\200\205\347\275\262\345\220\215.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\201\224\345\220\210\344\275\234\350\200\205\347\275\262\345\220\215.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7f41ce5e21d
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\201\224\345\220\210\344\275\234\350\200\205\347\275\262\345\220\215.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "联合作者署名 [Consortium authorship]",
+ "sort_key": "lianhezuozheshuming",
+ "definition": "联合作者署名是指作者栏中只显示联盟或组织名称，个人姓名不出现在文献中（例如，将“FORRT”列为作者）。 这种情况常见于有大量合作者或贡献者的合作项目成果中。 根据期刊政策，个别研究人员可能会在ORCID、Scopus等文献数据库中被记录为作者之一。 联合署名也称为团体、集团、组织或集体署名（例如https://www.bmj.com/about-bmj/resources-authors/article-submission/authorship-contributorship），或合作署名（例如https://support.jmir.org/hc/en-us/articles/115001449591-What-is-a-group-author-collaborative-author-and-does-it-need-an-ORCID）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Authorship",
+ "CRediT"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Tierney, W., Hardy III, J. H., Ebersole, C. R., Leavitt, K., Viganola, D., Clemente, E. G., & others. (2020). Creative destruction in science. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 161, 291–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.07.002",
+ "Tierney, W., Hardy III, J., Ebersole, C. R., Viganola, D., Clemente, E. G., Gordon, M., & others. (2021). A creative destruction approach to replication: Implicit work and sex morality across cultures. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 93, 104060. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104060"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Yuki Yamada"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Adam Parker",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Beatrice Valentini",
+ "Qinyu Xiao",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\350\201\224\351\224\201.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\201\224\351\224\201.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6d48b060a35
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\201\224\351\224\201.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "联锁 [Interlocking]",
+ "sort_key": "liansuo",
+ "definition": "联锁，是交叉性的一项核心分析，用于分析权力、不平等和排斥现象。进行联锁性分析的原因在于，学术文化改革无法通过孤立地研究单一因素（例如，种族、性别或能力）实现，而需要综合考量所有排斥机制的共同作用。相较于交叉性（即个体同时具有多重社会身份），“联锁”通常用于描述多重社会身份共同形成的对个体的压迫系统。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Bropenscience",
+ "Equity",
+ "Diversity",
+ "Inclusion",
+ "Intersectionality",
+ "Open Science",
+ "Social Justice"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Ledgerwood, A., Hudson, S. T. J., Lewis, Jr., N. A., Maddox, K. B., Pickett, C., Remedios, J. D., & Wilkins, C. L. (2021). The Pandemic as a Portal: Reimagining Psychological Science as Truly Open and Inclusive. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gdzue"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Christina Pomareda"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie",
+ "Flávio Azevedo",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Eliza Woodward",
+ "Gerald Vineyard;"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\350\204\221\346\210\220\345\203\217\346\225\260\346\215\256\347\273\223\346\236\204.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\204\221\346\210\220\345\203\217\346\225\260\346\215\256\347\273\223\346\236\204.md"
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index 00000000000..456e3da6fc4
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\204\221\346\210\220\345\203\217\346\225\260\346\215\256\347\273\223\346\236\204.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "脑成像数据结构 [BIDS data structure]",
+ "sort_key": "naochengxiangshujujiegou",
+ "definition": "脑成像数据结构（Brain Imaging Data Structure，简称BIDS）是一种简单且易于采用的数据组织方式，用于整理神经影像、电生理和行为数据（如文件格式、文件夹结构）。BIDS 是一个由学术公共社区开发并服务于社区的集体努力，其灵感来源于 OpenfMRI 存储库使用的数据格式，即OpenNeuro（https://openneuro.org）。BIDS 数据结构最初是为功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）数据开发的，如今已扩展到脑电图（EEG）等多种类型的测量数据（Pernet et al., 2019）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Open Data"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Gorgolewski, K., Auer, T., Calhoun, V., & others. (2016). The brain imaging data structure, a format for organizing and describing outputs of neuroimaging experiments. Scientific Data, 3, 160044. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.44",
+ "BIDS. (2020). About BIDS. Retrieved from https://bids.neuroimaging.io"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Tina Lonsdorf"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie",
+ "David Moreau",
+ "Mariella Paul",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\350\207\252\344\270\213\350\200\214\344\270\212\347\232\204\346\226\271\346\263\225_\347\224\250\344\272\216\345\274\200\346\224\276\345\255\246\346\234\257_.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\207\252\344\270\213\350\200\214\344\270\212\347\232\204\346\226\271\346\263\225_\347\224\250\344\272\216\345\274\200\346\224\276\345\255\246\346\234\257_.md"
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\207\252\344\270\213\350\200\214\344\270\212\347\232\204\346\226\271\346\263\225_\347\224\250\344\272\216\345\274\200\346\224\276\345\255\246\346\234\257_.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "自下而上的方法（用于开放学术） [Bottom-up approach (to Open Scholarship)]",
+ "sort_key": "zixiaershangdefangfa（yongyukaifangxueshu）",
+ "definition": "在学术文化中，“自下而上”的方法强调学者出于内在兴趣推动研究质量和文化的提升，例如营造支持性、协作性、创造性和包容性的环境。 这种方法通常表现为早期职业研究人员作为变革者，通过热情和创新推动科研方法的转变，有别于由资深研究人员发起的“自上而下”式变革。“‘自下而上’的方法会考虑具体情况的特殊性，通常以实证数据、亲身经验、个体叙述和实际环境为出发点，来制定相应的政策解决方案。”",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Early Career Researchers (ECRs)",
+ "Grassroot initiatives"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Button, K. S., Lawrence, N. S., Chambers, C. D., & Munafò, M. R. (2016). Instilling scientific rigour at the grassroots. Psychologist, 29(3), 158–159.",
+ "Button, K. S., Chambers, C. D., Lawrence, N., & Munafò, M. R. (2020). Grassroots training for reproducible science: a consortium-based approach to the empirical dissertation. Psychology Learning & Teaching, 19(1), 77–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475725719857659",
+ "Hart, D. D., & Silka, L. (2020). Rebuilding the Ivory Tower: A Bottom-Up Experiment in Aligning Research with Societal Needs. Issues in Science and Technology, 79–85. Retrieved from https://issues.org/aligning-research-with-societal-needs/",
+ "Meslin, E. M. (2009). Achieving global justice in health through global research ethics: supplementing Macklin’s ‘top-down’ approach with one from the ‘ground up’. In R. M. Green, A. Donovan, & S. A. Jauss (Eds.), Global Bioethics: Issues of Conscience for the Twenty-First Century (pp. 163–177). University Press.",
+ "Moran, H., Karlin, L., Lauchlan, E., Rappaport, S. J., Bleasdale, B., Wild, L., & Dorr, J. (2020). Understanding Research Culture: What researchers think about the culture they work in. Wellcome Open Research, 5, 201. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15832.1",
+ "Nosek, B. A. (2019). Strategy for Culture Change. Center for Open Science. https://www.cos.io/blog/strategy-for-culture-change"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Catherine Laverty"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Michele C. Lim",
+ "Adam Parker",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Birgit Schmidt",
+ "Marta Topor",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\350\241\250\351\235\242\346\225\210\345\272\246.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\241\250\351\235\242\346\225\210\345\272\246.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "表面效度 [Face validity]",
+ "sort_key": "biaomianxiaodu",
+ "definition": "表面效度是对一种测量工具在表面上看起来有多合适的主观判断，即对该测量工具操纵化程度的评估。例如，问卷的条目是否显而易见地与研究构念相关。表面效度与构念效度相关，但由于其主观性和非正式性，被视为一种简单但较弱的效度形式。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Construct Validity",
+ "Content Validity",
+ "Logical Validity",
+ "Operationalization",
+ "Validity"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Holden, R. B. (2010). Face Validity. In I. B. Weiner & W. E. Craighead (Eds.), The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology (4th ed.). Wiley. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470479216.corpsy0341"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Annalise A. LaPlume"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Kai Krautter",
+ "Adam Parker",
+ "Sam Parsons"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\350\245\277\346\226\271\347\232\204_\345\217\227\350\277\207\346\225\231\350\202\262\347\232\204_\345\267\245\344\270\232\345\214\226\347\232\204_\345\257\214\350\243\225\347\232\204_\346\260\221\344\270\273\347\232\204\347\244\276\344\274\232.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\245\277\346\226\271\347\232\204_\345\217\227\350\277\207\346\225\231\350\202\262\347\232\204_\345\267\245\344\270\232\345\214\226\347\232\204_\345\257\214\350\243\225\347\232\204_\346\260\221\344\270\273\347\232\204\347\244\276\344\274\232.md"
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+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\245\277\346\226\271\347\232\204_\345\217\227\350\277\207\346\225\231\350\202\262\347\232\204_\345\267\245\344\270\232\345\214\226\347\232\204_\345\257\214\350\243\225\347\232\204_\346\260\221\344\270\273\347\232\204\347\244\276\344\274\232.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "西方的、受过教育的、工业化的、富裕的、民主的社会 [WEIRD]",
+ "sort_key": "xifangde、shouguojiaoyude、gongyehuade、fuyude、minzhudeshehui",
+ "definition": "WEIRD 这个缩写词指的是西方的（Western）、受过教育的（Educated）、工业化的（Industrialized）、富裕的（Rich）和民主的（Democratic）的社会。大多数研究都是在WEIRD社会中进行的，研究对象也往往是这些社会中相对同质化的群体样本。这极大地限制了大量研究结果的普适性，尤其是考虑到WEIRD群体在心理上常常属于“离群值”。有观点认为，“WEIRD 心理学”是欧洲中世纪社会变革和宗教信仰影响下逐渐演化形成的文化产物。对该术语的批评者指出，它将全球人口简单二元对立，忽略了社会之间和社会内部存在的差异，同时也未能涵盖多样性的其他维度。",
+ "related_terms": [],
+ "references": [],
+ "drafted_by": [],
+ "reviewed_by": [],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\350\247\204\350\214\203\346\233\262\347\272\277\345\210\206\346\236\220.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\247\204\350\214\203\346\233\262\347\272\277\345\210\206\346\236\220.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "规范曲线分析 [Specification Curve Analysis]",
+ "sort_key": "guifanquxianfenxi",
+ "definition": "规范曲线分析是一种研究方法，旨在识别、计算、可视化和（基于推断统计）解释所有合理研究设定来回答特定研究问题的分析方法（Simonsohn et al., 2015）。该方法通过全面报告研究问题所有非冗余、合理的检验，使科研过程中可能存在主观任意性的决策（如实验设计、构念操作化、统计模型选择等）产生的影响透明化。Voracek 等人（2019）指出，规范曲线分析与多重分析（multiverse analysis）的区别在于其使用规范曲线图（而非直方图或瓦片图）进行结果呈现，以及运用推论统计进行结果解释。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Multiverse analysis",
+ "Research synthesis",
+ "Robustness (analyses)",
+ "Selective reporting",
+ "Vibration of effects"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Simonsohn, U., Simmons, J. P., & Nelson, L. D. (2015). Specification curve: Descriptive and inferential statistics on all reasonable specifications. http://sticerd.lse.ac.uk/seminarpapers/psyc16022016.pdf",
+ "Simonsohn, U., Simmons, J. P., & Nelson, L. D. (2020). Specification curve analysis. Nature Human Behaviour, 4(11), 1208–1214. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-020-0912-z",
+ "Voracek, M., Kossmeier, M., & Tran, U. S. (2019). Which Data to Meta-Analyze, and How? Zeitschrift Für Psychologie. https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000357"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Bradley Baker"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Tina B. Lonsdorf",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\350\247\243\346\224\276\346\210\221\344\273\254\347\232\204\347\237\245\350\257\206\345\271\263\345\217\260.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\247\243\346\224\276\346\210\221\344\273\254\347\232\204\347\237\245\350\257\206\345\271\263\345\217\260.md"
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\247\243\346\224\276\346\210\221\344\273\254\347\232\204\347\237\245\350\257\206\345\271\263\345\217\260.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "解放我们的知识平台 [Free Our Knowledge Platform]",
+ "sort_key": "jiefangwomendezhishipingtai",
+ "definition": "这是一个集体行动平台，旨在通过征集研究人员的承诺来支持开放科学实践（例如，预注册、预印本），推动开放科学运动。在初始阶段，这些承诺将保持匿名，直到有足够数量的研究人员参与，随后承诺者的姓名才会公布。该倡议是一项由早期职业研究人员发起的基层运动。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Open Science",
+ "Preregistration Pledge"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Free Our Knowledge. (n.d.). About. Retrieved from https://freeourknowledge.org/about/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ashley Blake",
+ "Elizabeth Collins",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\350\256\241\347\256\227\345\217\257\351\207\215\345\244\215\346\200\247.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\256\241\347\256\227\345\217\257\351\207\215\345\244\215\346\200\247.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a43312e7359
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\256\241\347\256\227\345\217\257\351\207\215\345\244\215\346\200\247.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "计算可重复性 [Computational reproducibility]",
+ "sort_key": "jisuankechongfuxing",
+ "definition": "计算可重复性是指使用相同的数据、方法和分析条件，重现与原研究相同的结果（包括表格、图像和定量结果）的能力。代码和数据的可用性，以及对这些材料（例如，注释数据、标明软件版本、共享计算环境等）的准备有助于提升计算可重复性。理想情况下，另一名研究人员（或原研究人员，在未来某时）只需一套文件和说明即可实现计算可重复性。这也可称为分析可重复性（LeBel et al., 2018）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "FAIR principles",
+ "Replicability",
+ "Reproducibility"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "on Reproducibility, C., & in Science et al., R. (2019). Reproducibility and Replicability in Science (p. 25303). National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25303",
+ "Kitzes, J., Turek, D., & Deniz, F. (2017). The practice of reproducible research: Case studies and lessons from the data-intensive sciences. University of California Press.",
+ "LeBel, E. P., McCarthy, R. J., Earp, B. D., Elson, M., & Vanpaemel, W. (2018). A unified framework to quantify the credibility of scientific findings. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(3), 389–402. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918787489",
+ "Nosek, B. A., & Errington, T. M. (2020). What is replication? PLOS Biology, 18(3), e3000691. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000691",
+ "Obels, P., Lakens, D., Coles, N. A., Gottfried, J., & Green, S. A. (2020). Analysis of open data and computational reproducibility in registered reports in psychology. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 3(2), 229–237. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245920917961"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Tina Lonsdorf"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Sarah Ashcroft-Jones",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Annalise A. LaPlume",
+ "Adam Parker",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Eike Mark Rinke"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\350\256\241\347\256\227\346\250\241\345\236\213.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\256\241\347\256\227\346\250\241\345\236\213.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..300cf5ebb24
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\256\241\347\256\227\346\250\241\345\236\213.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "计算模型 [Model (computational)]",
+ "sort_key": "jisuanmoxing",
+ "definition": "计算模型旨在通过数学方法描述现象，以便更好地理解、交流和预测复杂行为。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "algorithms",
+ "data simulation",
+ "hypothesis",
+ "theory",
+ "theory building"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Guest, O., & Martin, A. E. (2020). How computational modeling can force theory building in psychological science. Perspectives on Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620970585",
+ "Wilson, R. C., & Collins, A. G. (2019). Ten simple rules for the computational modeling of behavioral data. eLife, 8, e49547. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.49547"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Meng Liu",
+ "Yu-Fang Yang",
+ "Michele C. Lim"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\350\256\244\350\257\206\344\270\215\347\241\256\345\256\232\346\200\247.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\256\244\350\257\206\344\270\215\347\241\256\345\256\232\346\200\247.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..09e5be357d1
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\256\244\350\257\206\344\270\215\347\241\256\345\256\232\346\200\247.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "认识不确定性 [Epistemic uncertainty]",
+ "sort_key": "renshibuquedingxing",
+ "definition": "认识不确定性是指由于有限的数据、测量精度、模型或流程规范的局限性、或知识不足而导致的系统不确定性。理论上，由知识不足导致的不确定性可以通过开展更多的研究来增进理解从而得以降低。这种不确定性可能是个人的（因知识差异）或暂时的（随着新数据的出现而变化）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Aleatoric uncertainty",
+ "Knightian uncertainty"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Der Kiureghian, A., & Ditlevsen, O. (2009). Aleatory or epistemic? Does it matter? Structural Safety, 31(2), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2008.06.020",
+ "Ferson, S., Joslyn, C. A., Helton, J. C., Oberkampf, W. L., & Sentz, K. (2004). Summary from the epistemic uncertainty workshop: consensus amid diversity. Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 85(1–3), 355–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2004.03.023"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Bradley Baker"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Elizabeth Collins",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Graham Reid"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\350\256\244\350\257\206\350\256\272.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\256\244\350\257\206\350\256\272.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..df29017546d
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\256\244\350\257\206\350\256\272.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "认识论 [Epistemology]",
+ "sort_key": "renshilun",
+ "definition": "认识论与伦理学、逻辑学和形而上学并列，是哲学的四大分支之一。它主要关注知识的性质、起源和范围，以及信念的合理性。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Meta-science or Meta-research ",
+ "Ontology (Artificial Intelligence)"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Steup, M., & Neta, R. (2020). Epistemology. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/epistemology/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Amélie Beffara Bret"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Emma Norris",
+ "Adam Parker",
+ "Robert M Ross",
+ "Steven Verheyen"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\350\256\272\346\226\207\345\267\245\345\216\202.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\256\272\346\226\207\345\267\245\345\216\202.md"
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index 00000000000..8b31a97fc87
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\256\272\346\226\207\345\267\245\345\216\202.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "论文工厂 [Papermill]",
+ "sort_key": "lunwengongchang",
+ "definition": "论文工厂指从事学术不端行为的组织，其通过伪造或捏造数据、篡改图表或剽窃文字内容等手段，发表多篇文章。这些组织据称可以提供从研究数据到代写、伪造或捏造论文及投稿服务（Byrne & Christopher, 2020, p. 583）。论文工厂以高效生产和传播多篇“新论文”为特征。这些论文往往在科学出版流程中被忽视，要么始终未被发现，要么在被查出后撤稿（如通过剽窃检测软件）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Data fabrication",
+ "Data falsification",
+ "Fraud",
+ "Plagiarism",
+ "Questionable Research Practices or Questionable Reporting Practices (QRPs)",
+ "Scientific misconduct",
+ "Scientific publishing"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Byrne, J. A., & Christopher, J. (2020). Digital magic, or the dark arts of the 21st century—how can journals and peer reviewers detect manuscripts and publications from paper mills? FEBS Letters, 594(4), 583–589. https://doi.org/10.1002/1873-3468.13747",
+ "Hackett, R., & Kelly, S. (2020). Publishing ethics in the era of paper mills. Biology Open, 9(10), bio056556. https://doi.org/10.1242/bio.056556"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Sarah Ashcroft-Jones",
+ "Elizabeth Collins",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\350\257\201\346\215\256\347\273\274\345\220\210.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\257\201\346\215\256\347\273\274\345\220\210.md"
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\257\201\346\215\256\347\273\274\345\220\210.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "证据综合 [Evidence Synthesis]",
+ "sort_key": "zhengjuzonghe",
+ "definition": "证据综合是一种研究方法，旨在通过审查来自多种来源的研究成果和信息，对特定主题、现象或效应的研究问题得出普遍结论。被综合的信息可以来自定性研究和定量研究。用于综合所收集信息的方法可以是定性（叙述性综述）、定量（元分析）或混合（元综合、系统图谱法）的。证据综合有许多应用，常用于医疗卫生、公共政策制定以及特定研究领域的认知深化与推进。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Literature Review",
+ "Meta-analysis",
+ "Meta-synthesis",
+ "Meta-science or Meta-research",
+ "Narrative review",
+ "Scoping review",
+ "Systematic map",
+ "Systematic review"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "for Evaluation, C. (n.d.). Evidence Synthesis. https://www.lshtm.ac.uk/research/centres/centre-evaluation/evidence-synthesis",
+ "James, K. L., Randall, N. P., & Haddaway, N. R. (2016). A methodology for systematic mapping in environmental sciences. Environmental Evidence, 5(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750-016-0059-6",
+ "Siddaway, A. P., Wood, A. M., & Hedges, L. V. (2019). How to do a systematic review: a best practice guide for conducting and reporting narrative reviews, meta-analyses, and meta-syntheses. Annual Review of Psychology, 70, 747–770. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-102803"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Marta Topor"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Aoife O’Mahony",
+ "Tamara Kalandadze",
+ "Adam Parker",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\350\257\255\344\271\211\350\256\241\351\207\217.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\257\255\344\271\211\350\256\241\351\207\217.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5c27f119684
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\257\255\344\271\211\350\256\241\351\207\217.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "语义计量 [Semantometrics]",
+ "sort_key": "yuyijiliang",
+ "definition": "语义计量是一类基于完整文献文本来衡量文献间语义相似性、并着重评估文章对学术讨论进展的贡献的研究评估指标。这类指标是文献计量、网络计量和替代计量等工具的拓展。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Bibliometrics",
+ "Contribution(p)"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Herrmannova, D., & Knoth, P. (n.d.). Semantometrics Towards Full text-based Research Evaluation. Retrieved from https://arxiv.org/pdf/1605.04180.pdf",
+ "Knoth, P., & Herrmannova, D. (2014). Towards semantometrics: A new semantic similarity based measure for assessing a research publication’s contribution. D-Lib Magazine, 20(11), 8. https://doi.org/10.1045/november2014-knoth"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Alaa AlDoh"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Christopher Graham",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\350\264\235\345\217\266\346\226\257\345\217\202\346\225\260\344\274\260\350\256\241.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\264\235\345\217\266\346\226\257\345\217\202\346\225\260\344\274\260\350\256\241.md"
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "贝叶斯参数估计 [Bayesian Parameter Estimation]",
+ "sort_key": "beiyesicanshuguji",
+ "definition": "一种贝叶斯方法，利用似然函数，通过新的证据（即观测数据）更新关于模型参数的先验信念（即先验分布），从而估计参数值并最终得到后验分布。后验分布可通过多种方式进行概括，包括：点估计（后验概率分布的均值、众数或中位数）、具有明确边界的区间，以及具有明确概率质量的区间（通常称为可信区间）。在后续估计中，后验分布还可以作为新的先验分布。此外，可以通过蒙特卡洛马尔可夫链方法对后验分布进行采样，以评估复杂模型的不确定性（例如，Foreman-Mackey et al., 2013）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Bayes Factor",
+ "Bayesian inference",
+ "Bayesian statistics",
+ "Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST)"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Foreman-Mackey, D., Hogg, D. W., Lang, D., & Goodman, J. (2013). emcee: The MCMC Hammer. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 125(925), 306–312. https://doi.org/10.1086/670067",
+ "McElreath, R. (2020). Statistical rethinking: A Bayesian course with examples in R and Stan (2nd ed.). Taylor.",
+ "Press, W. (2007). Numerical recipes: the art of scientific computing, 3rd edition.",
+ "Huber, C. (2016). Introduction to Bayesian statistics, part 2: MCMC and the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm. In The Stata Blog. https://blog.stata.com/2016/11/15/introduction-to-bayesian-statistics-part-2-mcmc-and-the-metropolis-hastings-algorithm/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Alaa AlDoh"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Dominik Kiersz",
+ "Meng Liu",
+ "Ana Todorovic",
+ "Markus Weinmann"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\350\264\235\345\217\266\346\226\257\345\233\240\345\255\220.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\264\235\345\217\266\346\226\257\345\233\240\345\255\220.md"
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\264\235\345\217\266\346\226\257\345\233\240\345\255\220.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "贝叶斯因子 [Bayes Factor]",
+ "sort_key": "beiyesiyinzi",
+ "definition": "在贝叶斯推断中用于模型选择的连续统计指标，它描述了一个模型相对于另一个模型的相对证据强度，无论模型本身是否正确。贝叶斯因子的取值范围从0到无穷大，反映了证据的相对强度，其中1为无证据的中性点。不同于p值，贝叶斯因子允许三种结论：（1）支持备择假设，（2）支持零假设，（3）两者都无足够证据支持。因此，贝叶斯因子常用BF10表示备择假设相对于零假设的证据，用BF01表示零假设相对于备择假设的证据。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Bayesian inference",
+ "Bayesian statistics",
+ "Likelihood function",
+ "Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST)",
+ "*p*\\-value"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Hoijtink, H., Mulder, J., van Lissa, C., & Gu, X. (2019). A tutorial on testing hypotheses using the Bayes factor. Psychological Methods, 24(5), 539–556. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000201",
+ "Makowski, D., Ben-Shachar, M. S., Chen, S. H. A., & Lüdecke, D. (2019). Indices of Effect Existence and Significance in the Bayesian Framework. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02767"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Meng Liu"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Alaa AlDoh",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Connor Keating",
+ "Kai Krautter",
+ "Michele C. Lim",
+ "Suzanne L. K. Stewart",
+ "Ana Todorovic"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\350\264\235\345\217\266\346\226\257\346\216\250\346\226\255.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\264\235\345\217\266\346\226\257\346\216\250\346\226\255.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ea588ca0010
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\264\235\345\217\266\346\226\257\346\216\250\346\226\255.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "贝叶斯推断 [Bayesian Inference]",
+ "sort_key": "beiyesituiduan",
+ "definition": "一种基于贝叶斯定理的统计推断方法，它利用概率的数学语言来表达认识论上的（不）确定性。贝叶斯推断是在各种可能性之间分配（并根据最新观察到的数据或证据重新分配）可信度。现有的两种贝叶斯推断方法包括“贝叶斯因子” 和贝叶斯参数估计。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Bayes Factor",
+ "Bayesian statistics",
+ "Bayesian Parameter Estimation"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Dienes, Z. (2011). Bayesian versus orthodox statistics: Which side are you on? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6(3), 274–290. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691611406920",
+ "Dienes, Z. (2014). Using Bayes to get the most out of non-significant results. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 781. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00781",
+ "Dienes, Z. (2016). How Bayes factors change scientific practice. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 72, 78–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmp.2015.10.003",
+ "Etz, A., Gronau, Q. F., Dablander, F., & others. (2018). How to become a Bayesian in eight easy steps: An annotated reading list. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 25, 219–234. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-017-1317-5",
+ "Kruschke, J. K. (2015). Doing Bayesian data analysis: A tutorial with R, JAGS, and Stan (2nd ed.). Academic Press.",
+ "McElreath, R. (2020). Statistical rethinking: A Bayesian course with examples in R and Stan (2nd ed.). Taylor.",
+ "Wagenmakers, E.-J., Marsman, M., Jamil, T., Ly, A., Verhagen, J., Love, J., Selker, R., Gronau, Q. F., Šmíra, M., Epskamp, S., Matzke, D., Rouder, J. N., & Morey, R. D. (2018). Bayesian inference for psychology. Part I: Theoretical advantages and practical ramifications. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 25(1), 35–57. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-017-1343-3"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Alaa AlDoh",
+ "Bradley Baker",
+ "Robert Ross",
+ "Markus Weinmann",
+ "Tobias Wingen",
+ "Steven Verheyen"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\350\264\241\347\214\256.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\264\241\347\214\256.md"
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\264\241\347\214\256.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "贡献 [Contribution]",
+ "sort_key": "gongxian",
+ "definition": "在研究语境下，贡献是指对研究产出的正式补充或参与活动。贡献与贡献者声明（包括期刊论文中的致谢部分等）被附加在研究工作中，旨在更好地分类和认可超越传统“作者身份”范畴的各类智力劳动。贡献是一种不断发展的“用于理解作者身份与知识生产之间关系的数据来源”（Lariviere et al., p.430）。在开源软件开发中，贡献可能体现为通过同行评审（技术上称为“拉取请求”）后提交至项目软件仓库的更改，例如，NumPy（Harris et al., 2020）就是接受这类贡献的典型代表。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "authorship",
+ "CRediT",
+ "Semantometrics"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Knoth, P., & Herrmannova, D. (2014). Towards semantometrics: A new semantic similarity based measure for assessing a research publication’s contribution. D-Lib Magazine, 20(11), 8. https://doi.org/10.1045/november2014-knoth",
+ "Larivière, V., Desrochers, N., Macaluso, B., Mongeon, P., Paul-Hus, A., & Sugimoto, C. R. (2016). Contributorship and division of labor in knowledge production. Social Studies of Science, 46(3), 417–435. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312716650046",
+ "Holcombe, A. O. (2019). Contributorship, not authorship: Use CRediT to indicate who did what. Publications, 7(3), 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/publications7030048"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Micah Vandegrift"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Dominik Kiersz",
+ "Michele C. Lim",
+ "Leticia Micheli",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Gerald Vineyard"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\350\264\241\347\214\256\350\200\205\350\247\222\350\211\262\345\210\206\347\261\273\346\263\225.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\264\241\347\214\256\350\200\205\350\247\222\350\211\262\345\210\206\347\261\273\346\263\225.md"
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+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\264\241\347\214\256\350\200\205\350\247\222\350\211\262\345\210\206\347\261\273\346\263\225.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "贡献者角色分类法 [CRediT]",
+ "sort_key": "gongxianzhejuesefenleifa",
+ "definition": "贡献者角色分类法（Contributor Roles Taxonomy，简称CRediT， https://casrai.org/credit/）是一种高层次的分类体系，用于明确科学学术成果中贡献者的角色。当前有14种角色，可用于描绘贡献者在学术成果中的具体贡献。这些角色既可重复赋予多个作者，一个作者也可以肩负多种角色。CRediT涵盖了这些角色：构思、数据整理、统计分析、经费获取、调研、方法、项目管理、资源、软件、指导监督、结果验证、可视化、写作（初稿）、写作（审阅与修改）。对不同角色的详细描述，请参阅Brand et al. (2015)。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Authorship",
+ "Contributions"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Brand, A., Allen, L., Altman, M., Hlava, M., & Scott, J. (2015). Beyond authorship: attribution, contribution, collaboration, and credit. Learned Publishing, 28(2), 151–155. https://doi.org/10.1087/20150211",
+ "Holcombe, A. O. (2019). Contributorship, not authorship: Use CRediT to indicate who did what. Publications, 7(3), 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/publications7030048"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Sam Parsons"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Myriam A. Baum",
+ "Matt Jaquiery",
+ "Tamara Kalandadze",
+ "Connor Keating",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Yuki Yamada",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\350\265\240\344\272\210_\346\210\226\345\256\242\345\272\247_\347\275\262\345\220\215\346\235\203.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\265\240\344\272\210_\346\210\226\345\256\242\345\272\247_\347\275\262\345\220\215\346\235\203.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6912f83dfbe
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\265\240\344\272\210_\346\210\226\345\256\242\345\272\247_\347\275\262\345\220\215\346\235\203.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "赠予（或客座）署名权 [Gift (or Guest) Authorship]",
+ "sort_key": "zengyu（huokezuo）shumingquan",
+ "definition": "赠予（或客座）署名权是指在某人不符合署名标准的情况下，将其列为作者。由于署名权与同行认可和经济奖励等利益相关，因此在已发表的研究成果中被列为作者是有吸引力的。赠予（或客座）署名权可能用于帮助受赠者、还人情（包括相互赠予署名权）、维系个人和职业关系，或者增加发表机会。然而，这种行为通常被视为不道德的学术行为。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Authorship",
+ "CRediT"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Bhopal, R., Rankin, J., McColl, E., Thomas, L., Kaner, E., Stacy, R., Pearson, P., Vernon, B., & Rodgers, H. (1997). The vexed question of authorship: views of researchers in a British medical faculty. BMJ, 314, 1009–1012. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.314.7086.1009",
+ "of Medical Journal Editors, I. C. (2019). Recommendations for the conduct, reporting, eduting, and publication of scholarly work in medical journals. http://www.icmje.org/icmje-recommendations.pdf"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Bradley Baker"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Aoife O’Mahony",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\350\276\205\345\212\251\345\201\207\350\256\276.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\276\205\345\212\251\345\201\207\350\256\276.md"
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\276\205\345\212\251\345\201\207\350\256\276.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "辅助假设 [Auxiliary Hypothesis]",
+ "sort_key": "fuzhujiashe",
+ "definition": "所有理论都包含关于构念本质及测量方法的假设。然而，并非所有预测都源自理论，有时假设可以从其他前提中得出。为了推导预测而做出的额外假设，可以通过与观测数据建立联系进行检验。这些辅助假设有时可用来解释重复实验为何失败。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Epistemic uncertainty",
+ "Hypothesis",
+ "Statistical assumptions",
+ "Hidden moderators"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Dienes, Z. (2008). Understanding psychology as a science: An introduction to scientific and statistical inference. Macmillan International Higher Education.",
+ "Lakatos, I. (1978). The Methodology of Scientific Research Programs: Vol. I. Cambridge University Press."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Alaa Aldoh"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie",
+ "Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Bethan Iley",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\350\276\205\345\212\251\346\225\260\346\215\256.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\350\276\205\345\212\251\346\225\260\346\215\256.md"
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "辅助数据 [Paradata]",
+ "sort_key": "fuzhushuju",
+ "definition": "辅助数据是指在收集个体的一手数据时，同时捕捉到的关于数据特征与情境的信息——区别于元数据。辅助数据可用于探究在微观层面上，研究参与者与问卷调查或实验的交互过程。例如，回答调查问题的时间、重复的回答模式（如始终选择同一答案）、参与者的情境特征（如影响任务表现的伤病）、以及实验中对刺激过早反应的次数等。这类数据最易通过计算机辅助调查获取（但不仅限于此），目前已用于研究和校正测量误差及抽样误差。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Auxiliary data",
+ "Data collection",
+ "Data quality",
+ "Metadata",
+ "Process information"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Kreuter, F. (Ed.). (2013). Improving Surveys with Paradata. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118596869"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Alexander Hart; Graham Reid"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Marta Topor",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\351\200\211\346\213\251\346\200\247\347\273\210\346\255\242.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\200\211\346\213\251\346\200\247\347\273\210\346\255\242.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "选择性终止 [Optional Stopping]",
+ "sort_key": "xuanzexingzhongzhi",
+ "definition": "选择性终止是指在数据收集的过程中，研究人员频繁进行分析，并在统计标准（如p值或贝叶斯因子）达到指定阈值时决定停止数据收集的做法。如果采取适当的统计方法控制一类错误率，选择性终止可以成为一种高效的分析程序（参见：Lakens, 2014）。然而，如果没有透明报告和适当的错误控制，一类错误率可能急剧上升，选择性终止可能被认为是不当研究行为（QRP）或p值操纵的表现。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "*P*\\-hacking",
+ "Questionable Research Practices or Questionable Reporting Practices (QRPs)",
+ "Sequential testing"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Beffara Bret, B., Beffara Bret, A., & Nalborczyk, L. (2021). A fully automated, transparent, reproducible, and blind protocol for sequential analyses. Meta-Psychology, 5. https://doi.org/10.15626/MP.2018.869",
+ "Lakens, D. (2014). Performing high-powered studies efficiently with sequential analyses. European Journal of Social Psychology, 44(7), 701–710. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2023",
+ "Sagarin, B. J., Ambler, J. K., & Lee, E. M. (2014). An ethical approach to peeking at data. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9(3), 293–304. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691614528214",
+ "Schönbrodt, F. D., Wagenmakers, E.-J., Zehetleitner, M., & Perugini, M. (2017). Sequential hypothesis testing with Bayes factors: Efficiently testing mean differences. Psychological Methods, 22(2), 322–339. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000061"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Brice Beffara Bret; Bettina M. J. Kern"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Catia M. Oliveira",
+ "Sam Parsons"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
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diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\351\200\217\346\230\216\345\272\246.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\200\217\346\230\216\345\272\246.md"
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\200\217\346\230\216\345\272\246.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "透明度 [Transparency]",
+ "sort_key": "toumingdu",
+ "definition": "透明度指将个人行为公之于众，接受外部评估。它要求研究人员在研究过程中坦诚公开其理论、方法和分析决策。透明度可分为“学术透明度”和“社会透明度”。前者是早期开放科学讨论的焦点，后者则强调以决策者和公众易于理解的方式提供科学信息（Elliott & Resnik, 2019）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Credibility of scientific claims",
+ "Open science",
+ "Preregistration",
+ "Reproducibility",
+ "Trustworthiness"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Elliott, K. C., & Resnik, D. B. (2019). Making open science work for science and society. Environmental Health Perspectives, 127(7). https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4808",
+ "Lyon, L. (2016). Transparency: The Emerging Third Dimension of Open Science and Open Data. LIBER Quarterly, 25(4), 153–171. http://doi.org/10.18352/lq.10113",
+ "Syed, M. (2019). The Open Science Movement is for all of us. PsyArXiv."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "William Ngiam"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Tamara Kalandadze",
+ "Aoife O’Mahony",
+ "Eike Mark Rinke",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\351\200\217\346\230\216\345\272\246\346\270\205\345\215\225.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\200\217\346\230\216\345\272\246\346\270\205\345\215\225.md"
new file mode 100644
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+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\200\217\346\230\216\345\272\246\346\270\205\345\215\225.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "透明度清单 [Transparency Checklist]",
+ "sort_key": "toumingduqingdan",
+ "definition": "透明度清单是一份基于研究者共识制定的综合性清单，包含 36 个条目，涵盖预注册、方法、结果、讨论、数据、代码及材料可用性等方面；此外，也有仅含12项的简化版清单。该清单可在投稿时随稿件提交以供审阅。虽然清单也可以用于教育目的，但其主要目的在于协助研究人员发现透明度不足并加以改进，而公开清单也有助于读者和审稿人清晰了解研究的各项透明度细节。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Credibility of scientific claims",
+ "Open science",
+ "Preregistration",
+ "Reproducibility",
+ "Trustworthiness"
+ ],
+ "references": [],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Barnabas Szaszi"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Sarah Ashcroft-Jones",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Graham Reid",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\351\200\232\347\224\250\345\255\246\344\271\240\350\256\276\350\256\241.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\200\232\347\224\250\345\255\246\344\271\240\350\256\276\350\256\241.md"
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "通用学习设计 [Universal design for learning (UDL)]",
+ "sort_key": "tongyongxuexisheji",
+ "definition": "通用学习设计（Universal design for learning，简称UDL） 是一个基于人类学习科学原理，来改进学习、优化教学的框架。它旨在使所有人的学习具有包容性和变革性，其核心是满足学习者多样性需求，通常被视为指导教育实践的循证和科学有效的框架，由三个关键原则组成：参与性、代表性、行动与表达，并被纳入美国《2008高等教育机会法案》（Edyburn, 2010）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Equal opportunities",
+ "Inclusivity",
+ "Pedagogy",
+ "Teaching practice"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Hitchcock, C., Meyer, A., Rose, D., & Jackson, R. (2002). Providing new access to the general curriculum: Universal design for learning. Teaching Exceptional Children, 35(2), 8–17. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/providing-new-access-general-curriculum/docview/201139970/se-2?accountid=8630",
+ "Rose, D. (2000). Universal design for learning. Journal of Special Education Technology, 15(3), 45–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/016264340001500307",
+ "Rose, D. H., & Meyer, A. (2002). Teaching every student in the digital age: Universal design for learning. In The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology. Association for Supervision."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Valeria Agostini",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Graham Reid",
+ "Mirela Zaneva",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Yu Xu",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Xiujuan Wen",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\351\200\232\347\224\250\346\225\260\346\215\256\344\277\235\346\212\244\346\235\241\344\276\213.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\200\232\347\224\250\346\225\260\346\215\256\344\277\235\346\212\244\346\235\241\344\276\213.md"
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "通用数据保护条例 [General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)]",
+ "sort_key": "tongyongshujubaohutiaoli",
+ "definition": "GDPR（General Data Protection Regulation）是指一个在欧盟实施的旨在保护个人信息的法律框架。该框架包含七项原则，旨在赋予公民对其个人数据的控制权，同时对存储和处理这些数据的相关方进行规范。GDPR规定了个人信息如何在欧盟内外自由流动，并要求研究人员在设计和开展研究时必须予以考虑。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Anonymity",
+ "Data Management Plan (DMP)",
+ "Data sharing",
+ "Repeatability",
+ "Replicability",
+ "Reproducibility"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Crutzen, R., Ygram Peters, G. J., & Mondschein, C. (2019). Why and how we should care about the General Data Protection Regulation. Psychology & Health, 34(11), 1347–1357. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2019.1606222",
+ "Information Commissioner’s Office. (2021). Guide to the UK General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR). ICO. https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-data-protection/guide-to-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Graham Reid"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Elizabeth Collins",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Christopher Graham",
+ "Sam Parsons"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\351\207\215\345\244\215\346\200\247.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\207\215\345\244\215\346\200\247.md"
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\207\215\345\244\215\346\200\247.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "重复性 [Repeatability]",
+ "sort_key": "chongfuxing",
+ "definition": "重复性与重测信度同义，指对同一测量指标进行连续多次测量所得结果之间的一致性程度。实现重复性需满足以下条件：使用相同的实验工具、由同一观察者操作、在相同条件下运行同一测量仪器、于同一地点实施、在短期内对相同目标进行重复测量（Joint Committee for Guidelines in Metrology, 2008）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Reliability"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "ISO. (1993). Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (1st ed.). International Organization for Standardization.",
+ "Stodden, V. C. (2011). Trust your science? Open your data and code."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif, Adam Parker"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Gilad Feldman",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Joanne McCuaig",
+ "Sam Parsons"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\351\222\273_\347\263\273\347\273\237_\347\251\272\345\255\220.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\222\273_\347\263\273\347\273\237_\347\251\272\345\255\220.md"
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+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\222\273_\347\263\273\347\273\237_\347\251\272\345\255\220.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "钻（系统）空子 [Gaming (the system)]",
+ "sort_key": "zuan（xitong）kongzi",
+ "definition": "钻（系统）空子是指研究者采用不当研究行为（questionable research practices，简称QRPs，例如，“切香肠式”发表学术论文），以迎合学术激励系统，从而在声望、聘用或晋升方面获益，而不考虑这些行为是否有利于学术发展。如果学术体系过于依赖量化指标（例如，学术成果认定），这些指标可能会被有意操控（Naudet et al., 2018）或被“钻空子”。如果晋升、聘用和终身教职评审基于存在缺陷的评估标准，这会妨碍开放、严谨和透明的学术研究工作（Naudet et al., 2018），例如更关注“数量而非质量”，并进一步加剧已有的不平等现象。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Incentive structure",
+ "Journal Impact Factor",
+ "*P*\\-hacking"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Moher, D., Naudet, F., Cristea, I. A., Miedema, F., Ioannidis, J. P. A., & Goodman, S. N. (2018). Assessing scientists for hiring, promotion, and tenure. PLOS Biology, 16(3), e2004089. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2004089",
+ "Naudet, F., Ioannidis, J., Miedema, F., Cristea, I. A., Goodman, S. N., & Moher, D. (2018). Six principles for assessing scientists for hiring, promotion, and tenure. Impact of Social Sciences Blog."
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Adrien Fillon"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Sarah Ashcroft-Jones",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\351\224\231\350\257\257\346\243\200\346\265\213.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\224\231\350\257\257\346\243\200\346\265\213.md"
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index 00000000000..56fac0d79c5
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\224\231\350\257\257\346\243\200\346\265\213.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "错误检测 [Error detection]",
+ "sort_key": "cuowujiance",
+ "definition": "广义而言，错误检测是指对研究数据及论文稿件进行核查以识别报告中存在的错误或不一致现象。常见的方法包括：（1）检查描述性统计中的矛盾（例如，汇总统计量与样本量和测量特质的不匹配；Brown & Heathers, 2017; Heathers et al., 2018）；（2）检查报告的统计数据的矛盾（例如， p 值与F统计量及自由度不符；Epskamp & Nuijten, 2016; Nuijten et al., 2016）；（3）检测图像篡改痕迹（Bik et al., 2016）。错误检测推动了研究人员公开数据和分析代码，以便同行审查研究结果，或对已发表记录进行必要更正。发现的错误可能引发文章更正或撤稿，然而这类纠错行为往往严重滞后，待错误结论已对后续研究产生深远影响后才得以实施。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Research integrity",
+ "correction",
+ "retraction"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Bik, E. M., Casadevall, A., & Fang, F. C. (2016). The prevalence of inappropriate image duplication in biomedical research publications. MBio, 7(3), e00809-16.",
+ "Brown, N. J., & Heathers, J. A. (2017). The grim test: A simple technique detects numerous anomalies in the reporting of results in psychology. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 8(4), 363–369.",
+ "Epskamp, S., & Nuijten, M. B. (2016). statcheck: Extract statistics from articles and recompute p values. Retrieved from http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=statcheck",
+ "Heathers, J. A., Anaya, J., van der Zee, T., & Brown, N. J. (2018). Recovering data from summary statistics: Sample Parameter Reconstruction via Iterative TEchniques (SPRITE). PeerJ Preprints, 6, e26968v1. https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.26968v1",
+ "Nuijten, M. B., Hartgerink, C. H., van Assen, M. A., Epskamp, S., & Wicherts, J. M. (2016). The prevalence of statistical reporting errors in psychology (1985–2013). Behavior Research Methods, 48(4), 1205–1226.",
+ "Retraction Watch. (n.d.). Retraction Watch. Retraction Watch. https://retractionwatch.com/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "William Ngiam"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie",
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Dominik Kiersz",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Suzanne L. K. Stewart",
+ "Marta Topor"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\351\232\217\346\234\272\344\270\215\347\241\256\345\256\232\346\200\247.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\232\217\346\234\272\344\270\215\347\241\256\345\256\232\346\200\247.md"
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@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "随机不确定性 [Aleatoric uncertainty]",
+ "sort_key": "suijibuquedingxing",
+ "definition": "由于不可知或固有的随机因素导致的结果的变异性。这是结果不确定性中的随机成分，无法通过获取额外的信息来减少。例如，在掷硬币时，我们无法确定它会正面朝上还是反面朝上。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Epistemic uncertainty",
+ "Knightian uncertainty"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Der Kiureghian, A., & Ditlevsen, O. (2009). Aleatory or epistemic? Does it matter? Structural Safety, 31(2), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2008.06.020"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Bradley Baker"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir",
+ "Brett Gall",
+ "Magdalena Grose-Hodge",
+ "Bethan Iley",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\351\232\220\346\200\247\350\260\203\350\212\202\345\217\230\351\207\217.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\232\220\346\200\247\350\260\203\350\212\202\345\217\230\351\207\217.md"
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+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\232\220\346\200\247\350\260\203\350\212\202\345\217\230\351\207\217.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "隐性调节变量 [Hidden Moderators]",
+ "sort_key": "yinxingtiaojiebianliang",
+ "definition": "隐性调节变量指研究者未意识到的、可能导致复现研究的结果偏离原始研究的情境因素。该概念常被用来解释（或规避）复现研究失败的情况，也被称为“隐性假设”。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Auxiliary Hypothesis"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Zwaan, R., Etz, A., Lucas, R., & Donnellan, M. (2018). Making replication mainstream. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 41, E120. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X17001972"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Ali H. Al-Hoorie"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Sam Parsons"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\351\233\266\345\201\207\350\256\276\346\230\276\350\221\227\346\200\247\346\243\200\351\252\214\346\226\271\346\263\225.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\233\266\345\201\207\350\256\276\346\230\276\350\221\227\346\200\247\346\243\200\351\252\214\346\226\271\346\263\225.md"
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--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\233\266\345\201\207\350\256\276\346\230\276\350\221\227\346\200\247\346\243\200\351\252\214\346\226\271\346\263\225.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "零假设显著性检验方法 [Null Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST)]",
+ "sort_key": "lingjiashexianzhuxingjianyanfangfa",
+ "definition": "一种频率学派的推断方法，用于检验观察到的效应与零假设（即无效应或无关系）的概率（Pernet, 2015）。该结论是通过p值这一指标得出的。具体来说，当研究人员设定的先验α阈值满足时，便可得出存在效应的结论，该阈值决定了可接受的不确定性水平，并与一类错误密切相关。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Inference",
+ "P-value",
+ "Statistical significance",
+ "Type I error"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Lakens, D., Scheel, A. M., & Isager, P. M. (2018). Equivalence testing for psychological research: A tutorial. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1(2), 259–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918770963",
+ "Pernet, C. R. (2015). Null hypothesis significance testing: a short tutorial. F1000Research, 4, 621. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.6963.3",
+ "Spence, J. R., & Stanley, D. J. (2018). Concise, simple, and not wrong: In search of a short-hand interpretation of statistical significance. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 2185. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02185"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Alaa AlDoh"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Annalise A. LaPlume",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Sonia Rishi"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\351\235\236\345\271\262\351\242\204_\345\217\257\351\207\215\345\244\215_\345\274\200\346\224\276\347\232\204\347\263\273\347\273\237\347\273\274\350\277\260.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\235\236\345\271\262\351\242\204_\345\217\257\351\207\215\345\244\215_\345\274\200\346\224\276\347\232\204\347\263\273\347\273\237\347\273\274\350\277\260.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..75735c65c54
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\235\236\345\271\262\351\242\204_\345\217\257\351\207\215\345\244\215_\345\274\200\346\224\276\347\232\204\347\263\273\347\273\237\347\273\274\350\277\260.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "非干预、可重复、开放的系统综述 [Non-Intervention, Reproducible, and Open Systematic Reviews (NIRO-SR)]",
+ "sort_key": "feiganyu、kechongfu、kaifangdexitongzongshu",
+ "definition": "这是一整套工具，专用于促进非干预研究系统综述的开发、预注册与传播。A部分为非干预研究制定和预注册系统综述方案提供了一个详细指南，同时为提高透明度做好准备。B部分详细说明了如何撰写完整的系统综述，并着重提升可重复性。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Knowledge accumulation",
+ "Systematic review",
+ "Systematic Review Protocol"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Topor, M., Pickering, J. S., Barbosa Mendes, A., Bishop, D. V. M., Büttner, F. C., Elsherif, M. M., & others. (2021). An integrative framework for planning and conducting Non-Intervention, Reproducible, and Open Systematic Reviews (NIRO-SR). https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/8gu5z"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Asma Assaneea"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Tsvetomira Dumbalska",
+ "Thomas Rhys Evans",
+ "Tamara Kalandadze",
+ "Jade Pickering",
+ "Mirela Zaneva"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\351\242\204\345\215\260\346\234\254.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\242\204\345\215\260\346\234\254.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a3352fb0d0c
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\242\204\345\215\260\346\234\254.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "预印本 [Preprint]",
+ "sort_key": "yuyinben",
+ "definition": "预印本指科研手稿或研究成果在正式发表前的公开版本，被视为绿色开放获取的一种形式。预印本通常存放于存储库（如arXiv），其传播效率优于传统出版流程。预印本存储库会为文献分配永久标识符（如DOI）。研究者可在科研全周期任何阶段发布预印本，但最常见的是在论文投稿时（即同行评审前）发布。经过评审的录用版本也常被上传至预印本服务器，此类文献称为“后印本”。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Open Access",
+ "DOI (digital object identifier)",
+ "Postprint",
+ "Working Paper"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Bourne, P. E., Polka, J. K., Vale, R. D., & Kiley, R. (2017). Ten simple rules to consider regarding preprint submission. PLoS Computational Biology, 13(5), e1005473. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005473",
+ "Elmore, S. A. (2018). Preprints: What Role Do These Have in Communicating Scientific Results? Toxicologic Pathology, 46(4), 364–365. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192623318767322"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mariella Paul"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Gisela H. Govaart",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Sam Parsons",
+ "Tobias Wingen",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\351\242\204\346\263\250\345\206\214.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\242\204\346\263\250\345\206\214.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d19b0111433
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\242\204\346\263\250\345\206\214.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "预注册 [Preregistration]",
+ "sort_key": "yuzhuce",
+ "definition": "预注册是指在数据收集或分析之前，预先公布研究方案的行为，公布内容包括研究问题/假设、研究设计和数据分析计划等。该方法同样适用于二次数据分析（Merten & Krypotos, 2019）。预注册文件将加盖时间戳，通常由独立机构（如存储库）存证，以便后续公开共享（或经过一段封锁期后公开）。预注册能透明记录特定时间节点的研究计划，便于第三方评估后续可能出现的变更。预注册内容越详细，第三方就越能准确评估这些变更及其对分析效度的影响。其核心目的在于明确区分验证性研究与探索性研究。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Confirmation bias",
+ "Confirmatory analyses",
+ "Exploratory Data Analysis",
+ "HARKing",
+ "Pre-analysis plan",
+ "Questionable Research Practices or Questionable Reporting Practices (QRPs)",
+ "Registered Report",
+ "Research Protocol",
+ "Transparency"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Haven, T. L., & Van Grootel, L. (2019). Preregistering qualitative research. Accountability in Research, 26(3), 229–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/08989621.2019.1580147",
+ "Lewandowsky, S., & Bishop, D. (2016). Research integrity: Don’t let transparency damage science. Nature News, 529(7587), 459. https://doi.org/10.1038/529459a",
+ "Mertens, G., & Krypotos, A. M. (2019). Preregistration of analyses of preexisting data. Psychologica Belgica, 59(1), 338.",
+ "Navarro, D. (2020). Paths in strange spaces: A comment on preregistration.",
+ "Nosek, B. A., Ebersole, C. R., DeHaven, A. C., & Mellor, D. T. (2018). The preregistration revolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(11), 2600–2606. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708274114",
+ "Simmons, J., Nelson, L., & Simonsohn, U. (2021). Pre‐registration: Why and how. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 31(1), 151–162. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcpy.1208"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Gisela H. Govaart",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Tina Lonsdorf",
+ "William Ngiam",
+ "Eike Mark Rinke",
+ "Lisa Spitzer",
+ "Olmo van den Akker",
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\351\242\204\346\263\250\345\206\214\346\211\277\350\257\272.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\242\204\346\263\250\345\206\214\346\211\277\350\257\272.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2ada537d732
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\242\204\346\263\250\345\206\214\346\211\277\350\257\272.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "预注册承诺 [Preregistration Pledge]",
+ "sort_key": "yuzhucechengnuo",
+ "definition": "在一项“支持开放与可重复研究实践的集体行动”中，预注册承诺是“解放我们的知识”项目发起的一项倡议，旨在号召研究者在未来两年内至少预注册一项研究（https://freeourknowledge.org/about/）。该项目是由早期职业研究人员自发组织的基层学术运动。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Preregistration"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Knowledge, F. O. (2020). Preregistration Pledge. https://freeourknowledge.org/2020-12-03-preregistration-pledge/"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Helena Hartmann"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Jamie P. Cockcroft",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Aleksandra Lazić, Steven Verheyen"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Zixi Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\351\246\226\346\234\253\344\275\234\350\200\205\345\274\272\350\260\203\350\247\204\350\214\203.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\246\226\346\234\253\344\275\234\350\200\205\345\274\272\350\260\203\350\247\204\350\214\203.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..62cd18ad428
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\246\226\346\234\253\344\275\234\350\200\205\345\274\272\350\260\203\350\247\204\350\214\203.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "首末作者强调规范 [First-last-author-emphasis norm (FLAE)]",
+ "sort_key": "shoumozuozheqiangdiaoguifan",
+ "definition": "首末作者强调规范是一种根据作者贡献来确定署名顺序的规范，特别强调署名顺序中的第一位和最后一位。在此规范中，主要作者被标注在第一作者和最后作者的位置，中间的作者则按贡献大小依次排列。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Authorship",
+ "Author contributions",
+ "CreDit taxonomy"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Tscharntke, T., Hochberg, M. E., Rand, T. A., Resh, V. H., & Krauss, J. (2007). Author sequence and credit for contributions in multiauthored publications. PLoS Biology, 5(1), e18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0050018"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Myriam A. Baum"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\351\251\254\345\244\252\346\225\210\345\272\224_\347\247\221\345\255\246\351\242\206\345\237\237_.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\251\254\345\244\252\346\225\210\345\272\224_\347\247\221\345\255\246\351\242\206\345\237\237_.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..23f48c50141
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\251\254\345\244\252\346\225\210\345\272\224_\347\247\221\345\255\246\351\242\206\345\237\237_.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "马太效应（科学领域） [Matthew effect (in science)]",
+ "sort_key": "mataixiaoying（kexuelingyu）",
+ "definition": "马太效应得名于《马太福音》中“富者愈富，穷者愈穷”的释义。杰出科学家以及获得卓越奖学金的早期职业研究人员通常因其科学贡献获得更多荣誉和资助；而名不见经传的研究人员，即便贡献相当，往往只能获得更少的认可。马太效应的影响是一种显著的累积优势，它源自于最初微小的相对优势（反之亦然）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Matthew effect in education",
+ "Stigler’s law of eponymy"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Bol, T., de Vaan, M., & van de Rijt, A. (2018). The Matthew effect in science funding. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(19), 4887–4890. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719557115",
+ "Bornmann, L., Ganser, C., Tekles, A., & Leydesdorff, L. (2019). Does the hα index reinforce the Matthew effect in science? Agent-based simulations using Stata and R. arXiv preprint https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.11052.",
+ "Merton, R. K. (1968). The Matthew Effect in Science. Science, 159(3810), 56–63. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.159.3810.56"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Tamara Kalandadze"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Bradley Baker",
+ "Tsvetomira Dumbalska",
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Matt Jaquiery",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xinyu Wang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\351\252\214\350\257\201\346\200\247\345\210\206\346\236\220.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\252\214\350\257\201\346\200\247\345\210\206\346\236\220.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..77fdbd51758
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\252\214\350\257\201\346\200\247\345\210\206\346\236\220.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "验证性分析 [Confirmatory analyses]",
+ "sort_key": "yanzhengxingfenxi",
+ "definition": "验证性分析是指在验证性-探索性区分中，那些预先设定并用于检验既有假设的分析方法（Wagenmakers et al., 2012）。现有研究表明，已发表研究成果中若缺乏这种明确区分，很可能导致研究可复现性问题，而预注册可以清晰界定验证性与探索性分析，被视为是解决这一问题的有效途径。不过也有学者对这些术语提出质疑，建议用“发现导向”和“理论检验研究”来代替（Oberauer & Lewandowsky, 2019; Szollosi & Donkin, 2019）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Exploratory data analysis",
+ "Preregistration"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Box, G. E. P. (1976). Science and statistics. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 71(356), 791–799.",
+ "Oberauer, K., & Lewandowsky, S. (2019). Addressing the theory crisis in psychology. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 26(5), 1596–1618. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-019-01645-2",
+ "Szollosi, A., & Donkin, C. (2019). Arrested theory development: The misguided distinction between exploratory and confirmatory research. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/your_doi_placeholder",
+ "Tukey, J. W. (1977). Exploratory data analysis. Addison-Wesley.",
+ "Wagenmakers, E. J., Wetzels, R., Borsboom, D., van der Maas, H. L., & Kievit, R. A. (2012). An agenda for purely confirmatory research. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7(6), 632–638. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612463078"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Jenny Terry"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Mahmoud Elsherif",
+ "Eduardo Garcia-Garzon",
+ "Helena Hartmann",
+ "Mariella Paul",
+ "Charlotte R. Pennington",
+ "Timo Roettger",
+ "Lisa Spitzer"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Cathy Fang",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git "a/content/glossary/chinese/\351\273\221\345\256\242\351\251\254\346\213\211\346\235\276.md" "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\273\221\345\256\242\351\251\254\346\213\211\346\235\276.md"
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9f390e0309c
--- /dev/null
+++ "b/content/glossary/chinese/\351\273\221\345\256\242\351\251\254\346\213\211\346\235\276.md"
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+{
+ "type": "glossary",
+ "title": "黑客马拉松 [Hackathon]",
+ "sort_key": "heikemalasong",
+ "definition": "黑客马拉松是一种有组织的短期协作活动，即专家、设计师或研究人员在较短时间内紧密合作，集中处理某一项目或问题。该术语最初源于计算机编程和软件开发领域，其目标是：在活动结束时（持续数小时或数天）产出一个完整成果（例如，资源、研究成果、软件或硬件产品）。",
+ "related_terms": [
+ "Collaboration",
+ "Edithaton"
+ ],
+ "references": [
+ "Kienzler, H., & Fontanesi, C. (2017). Learning through inquiry: A global health hackathon. Teaching in Higher Education, 22(2), 129–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2016.1221805"
+ ],
+ "drafted_by": [
+ "Flávio Azevedo"
+ ],
+ "reviewed_by": [
+ "Tsvetomira Dumbalska",
+ "Brett J. Gall",
+ "Emma Norris"
+ ],
+ "alt_related_terms": [
+ null
+ ],
+ "language": "chinese",
+ "translated_by": [
+ "AI-driven translation tool \"TransFlow\" (developed by Jinbiao Yang and COSN OpenTransfer team)"
+ ],
+ "translation_reviewed_by": [
+ "Xuejun Ryan Ji",
+ "Liangjie Chen",
+ "Ruoting Liu",
+ "Shuxian Jin"
+ ]
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/content/glossary/english/_index.md b/content/glossary/english/_index.md
index 311655b330a..2db2cbd5b02 100644
--- a/content/glossary/english/_index.md
+++ b/content/glossary/english/_index.md
@@ -15,10 +15,7 @@ header:
type: "glossary"
---
-
+{{< glossary_language_switcher current="english" >}}
### Introduction
diff --git a/content/glossary/german/_index.md b/content/glossary/german/_index.md
index aaaa30e8285..a2b52d2a3fb 100644
--- a/content/glossary/german/_index.md
+++ b/content/glossary/german/_index.md
@@ -15,10 +15,7 @@ header:
type: "glossary"
---
-
+{{< glossary_language_switcher current="german" >}}
### Einführung
diff --git a/content/glossary/turkish/_index.md b/content/glossary/turkish/_index.md
index 62ea50ab907..3c309d077cc 100644
--- a/content/glossary/turkish/_index.md
+++ b/content/glossary/turkish/_index.md
@@ -15,10 +15,7 @@ header:
type: "glossary"
---
-
+{{< glossary_language_switcher current="turkish" >}}
### Arka Plan
diff --git a/data/glossary_languages.yaml b/data/glossary_languages.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..87c0488b55e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/data/glossary_languages.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Single source of truth for the glossary language switcher.
+# Order in this file determines display order of the buttons.
+# When adding a language: append an entry, add an _index.md in
+# content/glossary/
/, and add the language code to language_map
+# in content/glossary/_create_glossaries.py.
+- slug: english
+ label: English
+- slug: german
+ label: Deutsch (German)
+- slug: arabic
+ # Leading space matches the existing hardcoded markup that gave
+ # the RTL Arabic glyphs a bit of breathing room from the button edge.
+ label: " عربي (Arabic)"
+- slug: turkish
+ label: Türkçe (Turkish)
+- slug: chinese
+ label: 中文 (Chinese)
diff --git a/layouts/glossary/list.html b/layouts/glossary/list.html
index 8fd16cc00e9..2d3080c526f 100644
--- a/layouts/glossary/list.html
+++ b/layouts/glossary/list.html
@@ -43,7 +43,8 @@
{{ $currentSection := .File.Dir }}
{{ $glossaryPages := where .Site.RegularPages "Type" "glossary" }}
{{ $filteredPages := where $glossaryPages "File.Dir" $currentSection }}
- {{ range $index, $page := $filteredPages }}
+ {{ $sortedPages := sort $filteredPages "Params.sort_key" }}
+ {{ range $index, $page := $sortedPages }}
{{ .Title }}
diff --git a/layouts/glossary/single.html b/layouts/glossary/single.html
index 898c5451375..20c755a9cc2 100644
--- a/layouts/glossary/single.html
+++ b/layouts/glossary/single.html
@@ -62,6 +62,21 @@
"reference" "Kaynak"
"references" "Kaynakça"
)
+ "chinese" (dict
+ "list_of_terms" "术语列表"
+ "filter_terms" "筛选术语..."
+ "definition" "定义"
+ "alt_definition" "替代定义"
+ "related_term" "相关术语"
+ "related_terms" "相关术语"
+ "originally_drafted_by" "原始撰稿人"
+ "reviewed_by" "审阅人"
+ "translated_by" "翻译"
+ "translation_reviewed_by" "翻译审阅人"
+ "note" "我们正在努力将参考文献直接链接起来。目前，完整的参考文献列表可在此处查看。"
+ "reference" "参考文献"
+ "references" "参考文献"
+ )
}}