diff --git a/examples/companion_radio/ui-new/UITask.cpp b/examples/companion_radio/ui-new/UITask.cpp
index 6f363d7f96..c3f9cc0dfe 100644
--- a/examples/companion_radio/ui-new/UITask.cpp
+++ b/examples/companion_radio/ui-new/UITask.cpp
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class SplashScreen : public UIScreen {
   }
 
   void poll() override {
-    if (millis() >= dismiss_after) {
+    if (millis_passed(dismiss_after)) {
       _task->gotoHomeScreen();
     }
   }
@@ -153,10 +153,11 @@ class HomeScreen : public UIScreen {
   int sensors_nb = 0;
   bool sensors_scroll = false;
   int sensors_scroll_offset = 0;
-  int next_sensors_refresh = 0;
+  unsigned long next_sensors_refresh = 0;
+
 
   void refresh_sensors() {
-    if (millis() > next_sensors_refresh) {
+    if (millis_passed(next_sensors_refresh)) {
       sensors_lpp.reset();
       sensors_nb = 0;
       sensors_lpp.addVoltage(TELEM_CHANNEL_SELF, (float)board.getBattMilliVolts() / 1000.0f);
@@ -652,8 +653,8 @@ void UITask::newMsg(uint8_t path_len, const char* from_name, const char* text, i
 
 void UITask::userLedHandler() {
 #ifdef PIN_STATUS_LED
-  int cur_time = millis();
-  if (cur_time > next_led_change) {
+  unsigned long cur_time = millis();
+  if (millis_passed(next_led_change)) {
     if (led_state == 0) {
       led_state = 1;
       if (_msgcount > 0) {
@@ -764,7 +765,7 @@ void UITask::loop() {
   }
 #endif
 #if defined(BACKLIGHT_BTN)
-  if (millis() > next_backlight_btn_check) {
+  if (millis_passed(next_backlight_btn_check)) {
     bool touch_state = digitalRead(PIN_BUTTON2);
 #if defined(DISP_BACKLIGHT)
     digitalWrite(DISP_BACKLIGHT, !touch_state);
@@ -790,10 +791,10 @@ void UITask::loop() {
   if (curr) curr->poll();
 
   if (_display != NULL && _display->isOn()) {
-    if (millis() >= _next_refresh && curr) {
+    if (millis_passed(_next_refresh) && curr) {
       _display->startFrame();
       int delay_millis = curr->render(*_display);
-      if (millis() < _alert_expiry) {  // render alert popup
+      if (!millis_passed(_alert_expiry)) {  // render alert popup
         _display->setTextSize(1);
         int y = _display->height() / 3;
         int p = _display->height() / 32;
@@ -809,7 +810,7 @@ void UITask::loop() {
       _display->endFrame();
     }
 #if AUTO_OFF_MILLIS > 0
-    if (millis() > _auto_off) {
+    if (millis_passed(_auto_off)) {
       _display->turnOff();
     }
 #endif
@@ -820,7 +821,7 @@ void UITask::loop() {
 #endif
 
 #ifdef AUTO_SHUTDOWN_MILLIVOLTS
-  if (millis() > next_batt_chck) {
+  if (millis_passed(next_batt_chck)) {
     uint16_t milliVolts = getBattMilliVolts();
     if (milliVolts > 0 && milliVolts < AUTO_SHUTDOWN_MILLIVOLTS) {
 
diff --git a/examples/companion_radio/ui-new/UITask.h b/examples/companion_radio/ui-new/UITask.h
index a77ad6e7ec..e0aebd6698 100644
--- a/examples/companion_radio/ui-new/UITask.h
+++ b/examples/companion_radio/ui-new/UITask.h
@@ -37,10 +37,10 @@ class UITask : public AbstractUITask {
   unsigned long _alert_expiry;
   int _msgcount;
   unsigned long ui_started_at, next_batt_chck;
-  int next_backlight_btn_check = 0;
+  unsigned long next_backlight_btn_check = 0;
 #ifdef PIN_STATUS_LED
   int led_state = 0;
-  int next_led_change = 0;
+  unsigned long next_led_change = 0;
   int last_led_increment = 0;
 #endif
 
diff --git a/examples/companion_radio/ui-orig/UITask.cpp b/examples/companion_radio/ui-orig/UITask.cpp
index 12a374d91d..6136dbd905 100644
--- a/examples/companion_radio/ui-orig/UITask.cpp
+++ b/examples/companion_radio/ui-orig/UITask.cpp
@@ -264,11 +264,11 @@ void UITask::renderCurrScreen() {
 void UITask::userLedHandler() {
 #ifdef PIN_STATUS_LED
   static int state = 0;
-  static int next_change = 0;
+  static unsigned long next_change = 0;
   static int last_increment = 0;
 
-  int cur_time = millis();
-  if (cur_time > next_change) {
+  unsigned long cur_time = millis();
+  if (millis_passed(next_change)) {
     if (state == 0) {
       state = 1;
       if (_msgcount > 0) {
@@ -335,14 +335,14 @@ void UITask::loop() {
       _need_refresh = true;
       _firstBoot = false;
     }
-    if (millis() >= _next_refresh && _need_refresh) {
+    if (millis_passed(_next_refresh) && _need_refresh) {
       _display->startFrame();
       renderCurrScreen();
       _display->endFrame();
 
       _next_refresh = millis() + 1000;   // refresh every second
     }
-    if (millis() > _auto_off) {
+    if (millis_passed(_auto_off)) {
       _display->turnOff();
     }
   }
diff --git a/examples/simple_repeater/UITask.cpp b/examples/simple_repeater/UITask.cpp
index 6a85143887..a16e79794d 100644
--- a/examples/simple_repeater/UITask.cpp
+++ b/examples/simple_repeater/UITask.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "UITask.h"
 #include <Arduino.h>
 #include <helpers/CommonCLI.h>
+#include <helpers/ArduinoHelpers.h>
 
 #ifndef USER_BTN_PRESSED
 #define USER_BTN_PRESSED LOW
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ void UITask::begin(NodePrefs* node_prefs, const char* build_date, const char* fi
 
 void UITask::renderCurrScreen() {
   char tmp[80];
-  if (millis() < BOOT_SCREEN_MILLIS) { // boot screen
+  if (!millis_passed(BOOT_SCREEN_MILLIS)) { // boot screen
     // meshcore logo
     _display->setColor(DisplayDriver::BLUE);
     int logoWidth = 128;
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ void UITask::renderCurrScreen() {
 
 void UITask::loop() {
 #ifdef PIN_USER_BTN
-  if (millis() >= _next_read) {
+  if (millis_passed(_next_read)) {
     int btnState = digitalRead(PIN_USER_BTN);
     if (btnState != _prevBtnState) {
       if (btnState == USER_BTN_PRESSED) {  // pressed?
@@ -112,14 +113,14 @@ void UITask::loop() {
 #endif
 
   if (_display->isOn()) {
-    if (millis() >= _next_refresh) {
+    if (millis_passed(_next_refresh)) {
       _display->startFrame();
       renderCurrScreen();
       _display->endFrame();
 
       _next_refresh = millis() + 1000;   // refresh every second
     }
-    if (millis() > _auto_off) {
+    if (millis_passed(_auto_off)) {
       _display->turnOff();
     }
   }
diff --git a/examples/simple_room_server/UITask.cpp b/examples/simple_room_server/UITask.cpp
index 640a1d2d10..054dec1975 100644
--- a/examples/simple_room_server/UITask.cpp
+++ b/examples/simple_room_server/UITask.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "UITask.h"
 #include <Arduino.h>
 #include <helpers/CommonCLI.h>
+#include <helpers/ArduinoHelpers.h>
 
 #ifndef USER_BTN_PRESSED
 #define USER_BTN_PRESSED LOW
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ void UITask::begin(NodePrefs* node_prefs, const char* build_date, const char* fi
 
 void UITask::renderCurrScreen() {
   char tmp[80];
-  if (millis() < BOOT_SCREEN_MILLIS) { // boot screen
+  if (!millis_passed(BOOT_SCREEN_MILLIS)) { // boot screen
     // meshcore logo
     _display->setColor(DisplayDriver::BLUE);
     int logoWidth = 128;
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ void UITask::renderCurrScreen() {
 
 void UITask::loop() {
 #ifdef PIN_USER_BTN
-  if (millis() >= _next_read) {
+  if (millis_passed(_next_read)) {
     int btnState = digitalRead(PIN_USER_BTN);
     if (btnState != _prevBtnState) {
       if (btnState == USER_BTN_PRESSED) {  // pressed?
@@ -112,14 +113,14 @@ void UITask::loop() {
 #endif
 
   if (_display->isOn()) {
-    if (millis() >= _next_refresh) {
+    if (millis_passed(_next_refresh)) {
       _display->startFrame();
       renderCurrScreen();
       _display->endFrame();
 
       _next_refresh = millis() + 1000;   // refresh every second
     }
-    if (millis() > _auto_off) {
+    if (millis_passed(_auto_off)) {
       _display->turnOff();
     }
   }
diff --git a/examples/simple_sensor/UITask.cpp b/examples/simple_sensor/UITask.cpp
index 757ea1dc60..20923eee91 100644
--- a/examples/simple_sensor/UITask.cpp
+++ b/examples/simple_sensor/UITask.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "UITask.h"
 #include <Arduino.h>
 #include <helpers/CommonCLI.h>
+#include <helpers/ArduinoHelpers.h>
 
 #ifndef USER_BTN_PRESSED
 #define USER_BTN_PRESSED LOW
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ void UITask::begin(NodePrefs* node_prefs, const char* build_date, const char* fi
 
 void UITask::renderCurrScreen() {
   char tmp[80];
-  if (millis() < BOOT_SCREEN_MILLIS) { // boot screen
+  if (!millis_passed(BOOT_SCREEN_MILLIS)) { // boot screen
     // meshcore logo
     _display->setColor(DisplayDriver::BLUE);
     int logoWidth = 128;
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ void UITask::renderCurrScreen() {
 
 void UITask::loop() {
 #ifdef PIN_USER_BTN
-  if (millis() >= _next_read) {
+  if (millis_passed(_next_read)) {
     int btnState = digitalRead(PIN_USER_BTN);
     if (btnState != _prevBtnState) {
       if (btnState == USER_BTN_PRESSED) {  // pressed?
@@ -112,14 +113,14 @@ void UITask::loop() {
 #endif
 
   if (_display->isOn()) {
-    if (millis() >= _next_refresh) {
+    if (millis_passed(_next_refresh)) {
       _display->startFrame();
       renderCurrScreen();
       _display->endFrame();
 
       _next_refresh = millis() + 1000;   // refresh every second
     }
-    if (millis() > _auto_off) {
+    if (millis_passed(_auto_off)) {
       _display->turnOff();
     }
   }
diff --git a/src/Dispatcher.cpp b/src/Dispatcher.cpp
index 9d7a11131d..b0f9491c9d 100644
--- a/src/Dispatcher.cpp
+++ b/src/Dispatcher.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,16 @@ void Dispatcher::begin() {
   n_sent_flood = n_sent_direct = 0;
   n_recv_flood = n_recv_direct = 0;
   _err_flags = 0;
-  radio_nonrx_start = _ms->getMillis();
+
+  unsigned long now = _ms->getMillis();
+  radio_nonrx_start = now;
+  // Initialize timers to "just passed" so millisHasNowPassed() returns true
+  // immediately. Using 0 breaks when millis is in the upper half of uint32
+  // range (near the 49-day wrap), because the signed comparison trick
+  // interprets 0 as a future timestamp.
+  next_tx_time = now;
+  next_floor_calib_time = now;
+  next_agc_reset_time = now;
 
   duty_cycle_window_ms = getDutyCycleWindowMs();
   float duty_cycle = 1.0f / (1.0f + getAirtimeBudgetFactor());
diff --git a/src/helpers/ArduinoHelpers.h b/src/helpers/ArduinoHelpers.h
index 97596daa31..4e80f5c122 100644
--- a/src/helpers/ArduinoHelpers.h
+++ b/src/helpers/ArduinoHelpers.h
@@ -24,6 +24,17 @@ class ArduinoMillis : public mesh::MillisecondClock {
   unsigned long getMillis() override { return millis(); }
 };
 
+/**
+ * \brief  Wrap-safe millis deadline check, handling the 49-day millis() overflow.
+ * \param  target  The deadline timestamp obtained from millis() + delay.
+ * \returns true when the deadline has passed.
+ * \note   Use this instead of \c millis()>=target which fails near the 32-bit wrap.
+ *         Works via signed subtraction (2's complement).
+ */
+inline bool millis_passed(unsigned long target) {
+  return (long)(millis() - target) > 0;
+}
+
 class StdRNG : public mesh::RNG {
 public:
   void begin(long seed) { randomSeed(seed); }
diff --git a/src/helpers/NRF52Board.cpp b/src/helpers/NRF52Board.cpp
index 2c8753d464..7bcd8f0f81 100644
--- a/src/helpers/NRF52Board.cpp
+++ b/src/helpers/NRF52Board.cpp
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ void NRF52Board::sleep(uint32_t secs) {
 float NRF52Board::getMCUTemperature() {
   NRF_TEMP->TASKS_START = 1; // Start temperature measurement
 
-  long startTime = millis();  
+  unsigned long startTime = millis();  
   while (NRF_TEMP->EVENTS_DATARDY == 0) { // Wait for completion. Should complete in 50us
     if(millis() - startTime > 5) {  // To wait 5ms just in case
       NRF_TEMP->TASKS_STOP = 1;
diff --git a/src/helpers/esp32/SerialBLEInterface.cpp b/src/helpers/esp32/SerialBLEInterface.cpp
index dcfa0e1e34..f02840ac6a 100644
--- a/src/helpers/esp32/SerialBLEInterface.cpp
+++ b/src/helpers/esp32/SerialBLEInterface.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "SerialBLEInterface.h"
 #include "esp_mac.h"
+#include <helpers/ArduinoHelpers.h>
 
 // See the following for generating UUIDs:
 // https://www.uuidgenerator.net/
@@ -183,12 +184,12 @@ size_t SerialBLEInterface::writeFrame(const uint8_t src[], size_t len) {
 #define  BLE_WRITE_MIN_INTERVAL   60
 
 bool SerialBLEInterface::isWriteBusy() const {
-  return millis() < _last_write + BLE_WRITE_MIN_INTERVAL;   // still too soon to start another write?
+  return !millis_passed(_last_write + BLE_WRITE_MIN_INTERVAL);   // still too soon to start another write?
 }
 
 size_t SerialBLEInterface::checkRecvFrame(uint8_t dest[]) {
   if (send_queue_len > 0   // first, check send queue
-    && millis() >= _last_write + BLE_WRITE_MIN_INTERVAL    // space the writes apart
+    && millis_passed(_last_write + BLE_WRITE_MIN_INTERVAL)    // space the writes apart
   ) {
     _last_write = millis();
     pTxCharacteristic->setValue(send_queue[0].buf, send_queue[0].len);
@@ -238,7 +239,7 @@ size_t SerialBLEInterface::checkRecvFrame(uint8_t dest[]) {
     oldDeviceConnected = deviceConnected;
   }
 
-  if (adv_restart_time && millis() >= adv_restart_time) {
+  if (adv_restart_time && millis_passed(adv_restart_time)) {
     if (pServer->getConnectedCount() == 0) {
       BLE_DEBUG_PRINTLN("SerialBLEInterface -> re-starting advertising");
       pServer->getAdvertising()->start();  // re-Start advertising
diff --git a/src/helpers/radiolib/CustomSX1276.h b/src/helpers/radiolib/CustomSX1276.h
index bee2527431..087a6784d1 100644
--- a/src/helpers/radiolib/CustomSX1276.h
+++ b/src/helpers/radiolib/CustomSX1276.h
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <RadioLib.h>
+#include <helpers/ArduinoHelpers.h>
 
 #define RH_RF95_MODEM_STATUS_CLEAR               0x10
 #define RH_RF95_MODEM_STATUS_HEADER_INFO_VALID   0x08
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ class CustomSX1276 : public SX1276 {
 
       // wait for channel activity detected or timeout
       unsigned long timeout = millis() + 16;
-      while(!this->mod->hal->digitalRead(this->mod->getIrq()) && millis() < timeout) {
+      while(!this->mod->hal->digitalRead(this->mod->getIrq()) && !millis_passed(timeout)) {
         this->mod->hal->yield();
         if(this->mod->hal->digitalRead(this->mod->getGpio())) {
           return(RADIOLIB_PREAMBLE_DETECTED);
diff --git a/src/helpers/sensors/EnvironmentSensorManager.cpp b/src/helpers/sensors/EnvironmentSensorManager.cpp
index b5e23b3fe8..0a30c0e8b7 100644
--- a/src/helpers/sensors/EnvironmentSensorManager.cpp
+++ b/src/helpers/sensors/EnvironmentSensorManager.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "EnvironmentSensorManager.h"
+#include <helpers/ArduinoHelpers.h>
 
 #include <Wire.h>
 
@@ -800,13 +801,13 @@ void EnvironmentSensorManager::stop_gps() {
 }
 
 void EnvironmentSensorManager::loop() {
-  static long next_gps_update = 0;
+  static unsigned long next_gps_update = 0;
 
   #if ENV_INCLUDE_GPS
   if (gps_active) {
     _location->loop();
   }
-  if (millis() > next_gps_update) {
+  if (millis_passed(next_gps_update)) {
 
     if(gps_active){
     #ifdef RAK_WISBLOCK_GPS
diff --git a/src/helpers/sensors/MicroNMEALocationProvider.h b/src/helpers/sensors/MicroNMEALocationProvider.h
index eec466d3aa..17c293ac7d 100644
--- a/src/helpers/sensors/MicroNMEALocationProvider.h
+++ b/src/helpers/sensors/MicroNMEALocationProvider.h
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <MicroNMEA.h>
 #include <RTClib.h>
 #include <helpers/RefCountedDigitalPin.h>
+#include <helpers/ArduinoHelpers.h>
 
 #ifndef GPS_EN
     #ifdef PIN_GPS_EN
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ class MicroNMEALocationProvider : public LocationProvider {
     int8_t _claims = 0;
     int _pin_reset;
     int _pin_en;
-    long next_check = 0;
+    unsigned long next_check = 0;
     long time_valid = 0;
     unsigned long _last_time_sync = 0;
     static const unsigned long TIME_SYNC_INTERVAL = 1800000; // Re-sync every 30 minutes
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ public :
 
         if (!isValid()) time_valid = 0;
 
-        if (millis() > next_check) {
+        if (millis_passed(next_check)) {
             next_check = millis() + 1000;
             // Re-enable time sync periodically when GPS has valid fix
             if (!_time_sync_needed && _clock != NULL && (millis() - _last_time_sync) > TIME_SYNC_INTERVAL) {
diff --git a/variants/heltec_mesh_solar/target.cpp b/variants/heltec_mesh_solar/target.cpp
index d140864cd1..19ab711681 100644
--- a/variants/heltec_mesh_solar/target.cpp
+++ b/variants/heltec_mesh_solar/target.cpp
@@ -65,11 +65,11 @@ bool SolarSensorManager::querySensors(uint8_t requester_permissions, CayenneLPP&
 }
 
 void SolarSensorManager::loop() {
-  static long next_gps_update = 0;
+  static unsigned long next_gps_update = 0;
 
   _location->loop();
 
-  if (millis() > next_gps_update) {
+  if (millis_passed(next_gps_update)) {
     if (_location->isValid()) {
       node_lat = ((double)_location->getLatitude())/1000000.;
       node_lon = ((double)_location->getLongitude())/1000000.;
diff --git a/variants/heltec_tracker/target.cpp b/variants/heltec_tracker/target.cpp
index f32c41ff47..a85772eb4a 100644
--- a/variants/heltec_tracker/target.cpp
+++ b/variants/heltec_tracker/target.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include <Arduino.h>
 #include "target.h"
 
+#include <helpers/ArduinoHelpers.h>
 #include <helpers/sensors/MicroNMEALocationProvider.h>
 
 HeltecV3Board board;
@@ -71,11 +72,11 @@ bool HWTSensorManager::querySensors(uint8_t requester_permissions, CayenneLPP& t
 }
 
 void HWTSensorManager::loop() {
-  static long next_gps_update = 0;
+  static unsigned long next_gps_update = 0;
 
   _location->loop();
 
-  if (millis() > next_gps_update) {
+  if (millis_passed(next_gps_update)) {
     if (gps_active && _location->isValid()) {
       node_lat = ((double)_location->getLatitude())/1000000.;
       node_lon = ((double)_location->getLongitude())/1000000.;
diff --git a/variants/meshadventurer/target.cpp b/variants/meshadventurer/target.cpp
index 8795a4cbe7..5e9cc346e3 100644
--- a/variants/meshadventurer/target.cpp
+++ b/variants/meshadventurer/target.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include <Arduino.h>
 #include "target.h"
 
+#include <helpers/ArduinoHelpers.h>
 #include <helpers/sensors/MicroNMEALocationProvider.h>
 
 MeshadventurerBoard board;
@@ -65,9 +66,9 @@ bool MASensorManager::querySensors(uint8_t requester_permissions, CayenneLPP& te
 }
 
 void MASensorManager::loop() {
-  static long next_gps_update = 0;
+  static unsigned long next_gps_update = 0;
   _location->loop();
-  if(millis() > next_gps_update && gps_active) {
+  if(millis_passed(next_gps_update) && gps_active) {
     if(_location->isValid()) {
       node_lat = ((double)_location->getLatitude()) / 1000000.;
       node_lon = ((double)_location->getLongitude()) / 1000000.;
diff --git a/variants/nano_g2_ultra/target.cpp b/variants/nano_g2_ultra/target.cpp
index 69a2772ccb..8813449287 100644
--- a/variants/nano_g2_ultra/target.cpp
+++ b/variants/nano_g2_ultra/target.cpp
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ bool NanoG2UltraSensorManager::querySensors(uint8_t requester_permissions, Cayen
 }
 
 void NanoG2UltraSensorManager::loop() {
-  static long next_gps_update = 0;
+  static unsigned long next_gps_update = 0;
 
   if (!gps_active) {
     return; // GPS is not active, skip further processing
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ void NanoG2UltraSensorManager::loop() {
 
   _location->loop();
 
-  if (millis() > next_gps_update) {
+  if (millis_passed(next_gps_update)) {
     if (_location->isValid()) {
       node_lat = ((double)_location->getLatitude()) / 1000000.;
       node_lon = ((double)_location->getLongitude()) / 1000000.;
diff --git a/variants/t1000-e/target.cpp b/variants/t1000-e/target.cpp
index 4253282708..7e8f7500d5 100644
--- a/variants/t1000-e/target.cpp
+++ b/variants/t1000-e/target.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include <Arduino.h>
 #include "t1000e_sensors.h"
 #include "target.h"
+#include <helpers/ArduinoHelpers.h>
 #include <helpers/sensors/MicroNMEALocationProvider.h>
 
 T1000eBoard board;
@@ -147,11 +148,11 @@ bool T1000SensorManager::querySensors(uint8_t requester_permissions, CayenneLPP&
 }
 
 void T1000SensorManager::loop() {
-  static long next_gps_update = 0;
+  static unsigned long next_gps_update = 0;
 
   _nmea->loop();
 
-  if (millis() > next_gps_update) {
+  if (millis_passed(next_gps_update)) {
     if (gps_active && _nmea->isValid()) {
       node_lat = ((double)_nmea->getLatitude())/1000000.;
       node_lon = ((double)_nmea->getLongitude())/1000000.;
diff --git a/variants/thinknode_m1/target.cpp b/variants/thinknode_m1/target.cpp
index 69306fc0e1..d151df3208 100644
--- a/variants/thinknode_m1/target.cpp
+++ b/variants/thinknode_m1/target.cpp
@@ -69,11 +69,11 @@ bool ThinkNodeM1SensorManager::querySensors(uint8_t requester_permissions, Cayen
 }
 
 void ThinkNodeM1SensorManager::loop() {
-  static long next_gps_update = 0;
-  static long last_switch_check = 0;
+  static unsigned long next_gps_update = 0;
+  static unsigned long last_switch_check = 0;
 
   // Check GPS switch state every second
-  if (millis() - last_switch_check > 1000) {
+  if (millis_passed(last_switch_check + 1000)) {
     bool current_switch_state = digitalRead(PIN_GPS_SWITCH);
     
     // Detect switch state change
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ void ThinkNodeM1SensorManager::loop() {
 
   _location->loop();
 
-  if (millis() > next_gps_update) {
+  if (millis_passed(next_gps_update)) {
     if (_location->isValid()) {
       node_lat = ((double)_location->getLatitude())/1000000.;
       node_lon = ((double)_location->getLongitude())/1000000.;