diff --git a/.changeset/fix-abort-listener-leak.md b/.changeset/fix-abort-listener-leak.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f1dd3163b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/fix-abort-listener-leak.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@modelcontextprotocol/core': patch
+---
+
+Consolidate per-request cleanup in `_requestWithSchema` into a single `.finally()` block. This fixes an abort signal listener leak (listeners accumulated when a caller reused one `AbortSignal` across requests) and two cases where `_responseHandlers` entries leaked on send-failure paths.
diff --git a/packages/core/src/shared/protocol.ts b/packages/core/src/shared/protocol.ts
index d6daf0172..ffa642998 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/shared/protocol.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/shared/protocol.ts
@@ -800,6 +800,9 @@ export abstract class Protocol<ContextT extends BaseContext> {
     ): Promise<SchemaOutput<T>> {
         const { relatedRequestId, resumptionToken, onresumptiontoken } = options ?? {};
 
+        let onAbort: (() => void) | undefined;
+        let cleanupMessageId: number | undefined;
+
         // Send the request
         return new Promise<SchemaOutput<T>>((resolve, reject) => {
             const earlyReject = (error: unknown) => {
@@ -823,6 +826,7 @@ export abstract class Protocol<ContextT extends BaseContext> {
             options?.signal?.throwIfAborted();
 
             const messageId = this._requestMessageId++;
+            cleanupMessageId = messageId;
             const jsonrpcRequest: JSONRPCRequest = {
                 ...request,
                 jsonrpc: '2.0',
@@ -841,9 +845,7 @@ export abstract class Protocol<ContextT extends BaseContext> {
             }
 
             const cancel = (reason: unknown) => {
-                this._responseHandlers.delete(messageId);
                 this._progressHandlers.delete(messageId);
-                this._cleanupTimeout(messageId);
 
                 this._transport
                     ?.send(
@@ -885,9 +887,8 @@ export abstract class Protocol<ContextT extends BaseContext> {
                 }
             });
 
-            options?.signal?.addEventListener('abort', () => {
-                cancel(options?.signal?.reason);
-            });
+            onAbort = () => cancel(options?.signal?.reason);
+            options?.signal?.addEventListener('abort', onAbort, { once: true });
 
             const timeout = options?.timeout ?? DEFAULT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT_MSEC;
             const timeoutHandler = () => cancel(new SdkError(SdkErrorCode.RequestTimeout, 'Request timed out', { timeout }));
@@ -907,16 +908,14 @@ export abstract class Protocol<ContextT extends BaseContext> {
             let outboundQueued = false;
             try {
                 const taskResult = this._taskManager.processOutboundRequest(jsonrpcRequest, options, messageId, responseHandler, error => {
-                    this._cleanupTimeout(messageId);
+                    this._progressHandlers.delete(messageId);
                     reject(error);
                 });
                 if (taskResult.queued) {
                     outboundQueued = true;
                 }
             } catch (error) {
-                this._responseHandlers.delete(messageId);
                 this._progressHandlers.delete(messageId);
-                this._cleanupTimeout(messageId);
                 reject(error);
                 return;
             }
@@ -924,10 +923,23 @@ export abstract class Protocol<ContextT extends BaseContext> {
             if (!outboundQueued) {
                 // No related task or no module - send through transport normally
                 this._transport.send(jsonrpcRequest, { relatedRequestId, resumptionToken, onresumptiontoken }).catch(error => {
-                    this._cleanupTimeout(messageId);
+                    this._progressHandlers.delete(messageId);
                     reject(error);
                 });
             }
+        }).finally(() => {
+            // Per-request cleanup that must run on every exit path. Consolidated
+            // here so new exit paths added to the promise body can't forget it.
+            // _progressHandlers is NOT cleaned up here: _onresponse deletes it
+            // conditionally (preserveProgress for task flows), and error paths
+            // above delete it inline since no task exists in those cases.
+            if (onAbort) {
+                options?.signal?.removeEventListener('abort', onAbort);
+            }
+            if (cleanupMessageId !== undefined) {
+                this._responseHandlers.delete(cleanupMessageId);
+                this._cleanupTimeout(cleanupMessageId);
+            }
         });
     }
 
diff --git a/packages/core/test/shared/protocol.test.ts b/packages/core/test/shared/protocol.test.ts
index 69735bc3a..619e09376 100644
--- a/packages/core/test/shared/protocol.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/test/shared/protocol.test.ts
@@ -247,6 +247,64 @@ describe('protocol tests', () => {
         expect((abortReason as SdkError).code).toBe(SdkErrorCode.ConnectionClosed);
     });
 
+    test('should remove abort listener from caller signal when request settles', async () => {
+        await protocol.connect(transport);
+
+        const controller = new AbortController();
+        const addSpy = vi.spyOn(controller.signal, 'addEventListener');
+        const removeSpy = vi.spyOn(controller.signal, 'removeEventListener');
+
+        const mockSchema = z.object({ result: z.string() });
+        const reqPromise = testRequest(protocol, { method: 'example', params: {} }, mockSchema, {
+            signal: controller.signal
+        });
+
+        expect(addSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+        const listener = addSpy.mock.calls[0]![1];
+
+        transport.onmessage?.({ jsonrpc: '2.0', id: 0, result: { result: 'ok' } });
+        await reqPromise;
+
+        expect(removeSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith('abort', listener);
+    });
+
+    test('should not accumulate abort listeners when reusing a signal across requests', async () => {
+        await protocol.connect(transport);
+
+        const controller = new AbortController();
+        const addSpy = vi.spyOn(controller.signal, 'addEventListener');
+        const removeSpy = vi.spyOn(controller.signal, 'removeEventListener');
+
+        const mockSchema = z.object({ result: z.string() });
+        for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+            const reqPromise = testRequest(protocol, { method: 'example', params: {} }, mockSchema, {
+                signal: controller.signal
+            });
+            transport.onmessage?.({ jsonrpc: '2.0', id: i, result: { result: 'ok' } });
+            await reqPromise;
+        }
+
+        expect(addSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(5);
+        expect(removeSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(5);
+    });
+
+    test('should remove abort listener when request rejects', async () => {
+        await protocol.connect(transport);
+
+        const controller = new AbortController();
+        const removeSpy = vi.spyOn(controller.signal, 'removeEventListener');
+
+        const mockSchema = z.object({ result: z.string() });
+        await expect(
+            testRequest(protocol, { method: 'example', params: {} }, mockSchema, {
+                signal: controller.signal,
+                timeout: 0
+            })
+        ).rejects.toThrow();
+
+        expect(removeSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith('abort', expect.any(Function));
+    });
+
     test('should not overwrite existing hooks when connecting transports', async () => {
         const oncloseMock = vi.fn();
         const onerrorMock = vi.fn();