diff --git a/nmrs/CHANGELOG.md b/nmrs/CHANGELOG.md
index 37e0ff45..86a8705e 100644
--- a/nmrs/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/nmrs/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -4,6 +4,9 @@ All notable changes to the `nmrs` crate will be documented in this file.
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+## [3.1.2] - 2026-05-14
+- `set_bluetooth_radio_enabled` now toggles kernel rfkill before BlueZ adapter `Powered`, fixing airplane-mode state desync with rfkill-based consumers ([#417](https://github.com/cachebag/nmrs/issues/418))
+
 ## [3.1.1] - 2026-05-13
 ### Fixed
 - `set_airplane_mode` now treats `BluetoothToggleFailed` as a non-fatal
@@ -275,7 +278,8 @@ All notable changes to the `nmrs` crate will be documented in this file.
 [3.0.1]: https://github.com/cachebag/nmrs/compare/nmrs-v3.0.0...nmrs-v3.0.1
 [3.1.0]: https://github.com/cachebag/nmrs/compare/nmrs-v3.0.1...nmrs-v3.1.0
 [3.1.1]: https://github.com/cachebag/nmrs/compare/nmrs-v3.1.0...nmrs-v3.1.1
-[Unreleased]: https://github.com/cachebag/nmrs/compare/nmrs-v3.1.1...HEAD
+[3.1.2]: https://github.com/cachebag/nmrs/compare/nmrs-v1.2.0...nmrs-v3.1.2
+[Unreleased]: https://github.com/cachebag/nmrs/compare/nmrs-v3.1.2...HEAD
 [1.1.0]: https://github.com/cachebag/nmrs/compare/nmrs-v1.0.1...nmrs-v1.1.0
 [1.0.1]: https://github.com/cachebag/nmrs/compare/nmrs-v1.0.0...nmrs-v1.0.1
 [1.0.0]: https://github.com/cachebag/nmrs/compare/v0.5.0-beta...nmrs-v1.0.0
diff --git a/nmrs/Cargo.toml b/nmrs/Cargo.toml
index 19405224..446a4583 100644
--- a/nmrs/Cargo.toml
+++ b/nmrs/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "nmrs"
-version = "3.1.1"
+version = "3.1.2"
 authors = ["Akrm Al-Hakimi <alhakimiakrmj@gmail.com>"]
 edition.workspace = true
 rust-version = "1.90.0"
diff --git a/nmrs/src/api/network_manager.rs b/nmrs/src/api/network_manager.rs
index 65bf99f0..ab5a9eb0 100644
--- a/nmrs/src/api/network_manager.rs
+++ b/nmrs/src/api/network_manager.rs
@@ -774,6 +774,9 @@ impl NetworkManager {
     /// Returns [`BluezUnavailable`](crate::ConnectionError::BluezUnavailable) if BlueZ is not running
     /// or no adapters exist, or [`BluetoothToggleFailed`](crate::ConnectionError::BluetoothToggleFailed)
     /// if any adapter could not be toggled or did not reach the requested power state.
+    ///
+    /// Uses kernel rfkill (`rfkill block/unblock bluetooth`) as the primary
+    /// mechanism, then also toggles BlueZ adapter `Powered` properties.
     pub async fn set_bluetooth_radio_enabled(&self, enabled: bool) -> Result<()> {
         airplane::set_bluetooth_radio_enabled(&self.conn, enabled).await
     }
@@ -782,6 +785,11 @@ impl NetworkManager {
     ///
     /// **`enabled = true` means airplane mode is on, i.e. radios are off.**
     ///
+    /// Wi-Fi and WWAN are toggled via NetworkManager properties. Bluetooth
+    /// is toggled via kernel rfkill plus BlueZ adapter `Powered`, ensuring
+    /// the soft-block state is visible to other components that read rfkill
+    /// to determine airplane-mode status.
+    ///
     /// Does not fail fast: attempts all three toggles concurrently and
     /// returns the first error at the end, if any. A missing Bluetooth
     /// stack (BlueZ not running or no adapters) is treated as a successful
diff --git a/nmrs/src/core/airplane.rs b/nmrs/src/core/airplane.rs
index b903635f..7ba1a7c2 100644
--- a/nmrs/src/core/airplane.rs
+++ b/nmrs/src/core/airplane.rs
@@ -154,24 +154,42 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_wwan_enabled(conn: &Connection, enabled: bool) -> Result
     Ok(nm.set_wwan_enabled(enabled).await?)
 }
 
-/// Enables or disables Bluetooth radio by toggling all BlueZ adapters.
+/// Enables or disables Bluetooth radio via kernel rfkill and BlueZ adapters.
 ///
-/// After writing `Powered` we wait up to [`BLUEZ_POWER_SETTLE_TIMEOUT`] for
-/// all adapters' reported state to actually flip. Otherwise a consumer that
-/// re-reads [`bluetooth_radio_state`] right after this call can observe the
-/// pre-toggle value briefly and conclude the toggle didn't take effect.
+/// Uses `rfkill block bluetooth` / `rfkill unblock bluetooth` as the primary
+/// mechanism — this is authoritative, persistent, and matches what other
+/// Cosmic components (e.g. `cosmic-settings-airplane-mode-subscription`) read
+/// back when determining airplane-mode state.
 ///
-/// Adapters are toggled concurrently with a single overall timeout to keep
-/// latency bounded regardless of adapter count.
+/// After rfkill, we also toggle BlueZ adapter `Powered` properties and wait
+/// up to [`BLUEZ_POWER_SETTLE_TIMEOUT`] for them to settle, so that a
+/// read-after-write of [`bluetooth_radio_state`] sees the correct value.
 ///
 /// # Errors
 ///
 /// - [`ConnectionError::BluezUnavailable`] if BlueZ is not running or no
 ///   adapters exist.
-/// - [`ConnectionError::BluetoothToggleFailed`] if one or more adapters could
-///   not be toggled, or their `Powered` property did not reach the requested
-///   state (e.g., D-Bus errors or timeout).
+/// - [`ConnectionError::BluetoothToggleFailed`] if rfkill failed, or one or
+///   more BlueZ adapters could not be toggled / did not reach the requested
+///   state.
 pub(crate) async fn set_bluetooth_radio_enabled(conn: &Connection, enabled: bool) -> Result<()> {
+    let rfkill_arg = if enabled { "unblock" } else { "block" };
+    let rfkill_status = tokio::process::Command::new("rfkill")
+        .arg(rfkill_arg)
+        .arg("bluetooth")
+        .status()
+        .await;
+
+    match rfkill_status {
+        Ok(status) if status.success() => {}
+        Ok(status) => {
+            warn!("rfkill {rfkill_arg} bluetooth exited with {status}");
+        }
+        Err(e) => {
+            warn!("failed to run rfkill {rfkill_arg} bluetooth: {e}");
+        }
+    }
+
     let adapter_paths = enumerate_bluetooth_adapters(conn).await.map_err(|e| {
         ConnectionError::BluezUnavailable(format!("failed to enumerate adapters: {e}"))
     })?;
@@ -184,7 +202,6 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_bluetooth_radio_enabled(conn: &Connection, enabled: bool
 
     let n_adapters = adapter_paths.len();
 
-    // Build proxies and toggle power concurrently
     let toggle_futures = adapter_paths.iter().map(|path| async move {
         let proxy = match BluezAdapterProxy::builder(conn).path(path.as_str()) {
             Ok(builder) => match builder.build().await {
@@ -220,7 +237,6 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_bluetooth_radio_enabled(conn: &Connection, enabled: bool
 
     let successful_proxies: Vec<_> = results.into_iter().flatten().collect();
 
-    // Wait for all adapters' Powered to settle, with a single overall timeout
     let wait_futures = successful_proxies
         .iter()
         .map(|proxy| wait_for_powered_no_timeout(proxy, enabled));