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In this notebook we illustrate the use of the Volatility Surface tool in the library. We use [deribit](https://docs.deribit.com/) options on ETHUSD as example.
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The library provide a volatility surface loader for Deribit. This code loads the surface as a [VolSurfaceLoader](api/options/vol_surface/#quantflow.options.surface.VolSurfaceLoader):
This section contains utility functions and classes that are used throughout the library. They are not meant to be used directly by the user, but they can be useful for advanced users who want to extend the library or understand its inner workings.
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: docs/theory/characteristic.md
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# Characteristic Function
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The library makes heavy use of [characteristic function](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic_function_(probability_theory))
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The library makes heavy use of the [characteristic function](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characteristic_function_(probability_theory))
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concept and therefore, it is useful to familiarize with it.
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## Definition
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The characteristic function of a random variable $x$ is the Fourier (inverse) transform of ${\mathbb P}_x$, where ${\mathbb P}_x$ is the distrubution measure of $x$
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The characteristic function of a random variable $x$ is the Fourier (inverse) transform of ${\mathbb P}_x$, where ${\mathbb P}_x$ is the distribution measure of $x$
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\begin{equation}
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\Phi_{x,u} = {\mathbb E}\left[e^{i u x}\right] = \int e^{i u s} {\mathbb P}_x\left(ds\right)
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\end{equation}
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The characteristic function is a great tool for working with linear combination of random variables.
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The characteristic function is a great tool for working with linear combinations of random variables.
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* if $x$ and $y$ are independent random variables then the characteristic function of the linear combination $a x + b y$ ($a$ and $b$ are constants) is
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\begin{equation}
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\Phi_{ax+bx,u} = \Phi_{x,a u}\Phi_{y,b u}
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\Phi_{ax+by,u} = \Phi_{x,a u}\Phi_{y,b u}
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\end{equation}
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* which means, if $x$ and $y$ are independent, the characteristic function of $x+y$ is the product
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\begin{equation}
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\Phi_{x+x,u} = \Phi_{x,u}\Phi_{y,u}
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\Phi_{x+y,u} = \Phi_{x,u}\Phi_{y,u}
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\end{equation}
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* The characteristic function of $ax+b$ is
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{\mathbb P}_x\left(x=k\right) = \frac{1}{2\pi}\int_{-\pi}^\pi e^{-iuk}\Phi_{k, u} du
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\end{equation}
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```{code-cell}
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```
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(characteristic-exponent)=
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## Characteristic Exponent
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The characteristic exponent $\phi_{x,u}$ is defined as
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