add regression test for scala#24076 (scala#24181)

Closes scala#24076
[Cherry-picked 34f6ac6]

Author: hamzaremmal

tests/pos/i24076.scala

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+transparent inline def bug(using ValueOf[1]): Int = 1
+transparent inline def foo(inline arg: Any): Any =
+  inline (arg, arg) match
+    case (_, _) =>
+    case _      =>
+  end match
+val x = foo(bug)