ci: Make Code quality check run pre-commit

[ValerianRey]

The idea is:

• Make Code quality run pre-commit hooks
• [TODO before merging] Remove expected checks "pre-commit.ci - pr" and "Code quality (ty and ruff)" and add "Code quality (ty and pre-commit hooks)" instead to the branch protection ruleset.
• [TODO after merging] Remove pre-commit ci at https://results.pre-commit.ci/ or https://github.com/organizations/SimplexLab/settings/installations/

Disadvantages:

• This is slower: setting up the hook takes 9 seconds, but it's instant with pre-commit ci due to caching I think. I don't think this is a problem because this action is still faster than any of the test actions.
• We lose autofixing (if a contributor commits without pre-commit installed, pre-commit ci can autofix their PR after we allow ci to run)

Advantages:

• We stop depending on pre-commit ci, which frequently does not run for no reason, and could stop being free one day.

Fun fact: pre-commit ci doesn't run on this PR for no apparent reason. EDIT: it did after a long while

[PierreQuinton]

@ValerianRey This deleted ruff checks.

[ValerianRey]

@ValerianRey This deleted ruff checks.

Are you sure? They should be run by pre-commit (it has ruff check and ruff format hooks)