feat: persisted query metadata for warm-start consistency

[kevin-dp]

Summary

Implements Phase 1 of persisted query metadata to fix a warm-start timing race where rows hydrated from SQLite persistence are incorrectly deleted by disjoint queries.

The bug: When two disjoint queries share a persisted collection (e.g., "history" and "live" message queries), the first query to return can delete rows that belong to the other query's domain. The live query correctly returns [] (no live messages), but the query result handler interprets this as "every unclaimed row should be deleted," wiping out the history rows.

The fix (Phase 1): Per-row reference counting with persistence support.

Changes

• @tanstack/db — Added MetadataStorage interface and optional metadataStorage on sync params, so any sync layer can persist metadata
• query-db-collection — addRow now tracks new claims and increments a ref count; removeRow only decrements if the query actually owned the row (returns false if query never loaded it); cleanupQueryInternal uses ref counts consistently; ref counts are loaded from and persisted to metadataStorage
• db-sqlite-persisted-collection-core — Added ref_count column on the row data table; loadSubset returns refCount; added updateRefCounts, loadMetadata, storeMetadata, deleteMetadata methods; added collection_metadata table; createWrappedSyncConfig injects metadataStorage into sync params

Phases 2 & 3 (future)

• Phase 2: Persist full queryToRows/rowToQueries ownership maps so the first query result can properly diff against the previous session's state
• Phase 3: Persist per-query GC settings with absolute expiration timestamps for placeholder query lifecycle management

See rfcs/001-persisted-query-metadata.md (not included in this PR) for the full design.

Test plan

• New test: "should retain pre-hydrated rows when a disjoint query correctly returns empty results" — reproduces the bug and verifies the fix
• All 86 query-db-collection tests pass
• All 39 persisted-collection-core tests pass
• No regressions in db package tests

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

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commit: d118a47

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Size Change: 0 B

Total Size: 110 kB

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Total Size: 4.23 kB

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