Note
This will likely take up a decent amount of system resources, so make sure your machine can handle it. Make sure you have a few gigabytes of free disk space available.
First, you need to install docker. If you're unfamiliar with Docker, I highly recommend that you watch a video series like this one to learn the basics.
Next, make sure you have VSCode installed. You can download it from here. This is essential for the development environment.
In VSCode, make sure you install the Docker extension, Dev Containers, and C++ extensions.
Finally, open the project folder in VSCode and wait for the Dev Containers extension to prompt you to reopen the folder in a container. Accept the prompt, and the extension will handle the rest.
To close the development container, you can simply close the VSCode window or use the command palette (Ctrl+Shift+P) and select "Remote-Containers: Close Remote Connection".