jMonkeyEngine · 8Keep · May 9, 2026
diff --git a/gradle/libs.versions.toml b/gradle/libs.versions.toml
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 checkstyle = "13.3.0"
 jacoco = "0.8.12"
+jmh = "1.37"
 lwjgl3 = "3.4.1"
 angle = "2026-05-09"
 saferalloc = "0.0.8"
@@ -25,6 +26,8 @@ jbullet = "com.github.stephengold:jbullet:1.0.3"
 jinput = "net.java.jinput:jinput:2.0.9"
 jna = "net.java.dev.jna:jna:5.18.1"
 jnaerator-runtime = "com.nativelibs4java:jnaerator-runtime:0.12"
+jmh-core = { module = "org.openjdk.jmh:jmh-core", version.ref = "jmh" }
+jmh-generator-annprocess = { module = "org.openjdk.jmh:jmh-generator-annprocess", version.ref = "jmh" }
 junit-bom = "org.junit:junit-bom:5.13.4"
 junit4 = "junit:junit:4.13.2"
 junit-jupiter = { module = "org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter" }

diff --git a/jme3-core/build.gradle b/jme3-core/build.gradle
@@ -13,12 +13,36 @@ sourceSets {
 
         System.setProperty "java.awt.headless", "true"
     }
+    benchmark {
+        java {
+            srcDir 'src/benchmark/java'
+        }
+        compileClasspath += sourceSets.main.runtimeClasspath + sourceSets.test.output
+        runtimeClasspath += output + compileClasspath + sourceSets.test.runtimeClasspath
+    }
 }
 
 dependencies {
     testRuntimeOnly project(':jme3-testdata')
     testImplementation project(':jme3-desktop')
     testRuntimeOnly project(':jme3-plugins')
+    benchmarkImplementation libs.jmh.core
+    benchmarkAnnotationProcessor libs.jmh.generator.annprocess
+}
+
+tasks.register('jmh', JavaExec) {
+    dependsOn tasks.named('benchmarkClasses')
+    description = 'Run jme3-core JMH benchmarks. Pass JMH options with -PjmhArgs="...".'
+    group = 'verification'
+    classpath = sourceSets.benchmark.runtimeClasspath
+    mainClass = 'org.openjdk.jmh.Main'
+
+    def rawArgs = providers.gradleProperty('jmhArgs').orElse('').map { it.trim() }
+    doFirst {
+        if (rawArgs.get()) {
+            args rawArgs.get().split(/\s+/)
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 task updateVersionPropertiesFile {

diff --git a/jme3-core/src/benchmark/java/com/jme3/bounding/BoundingVolumeBenchmark.java b/jme3-core/src/benchmark/java/com/jme3/bounding/BoundingVolumeBenchmark.java
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009-2026 jMonkeyEngine
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ * * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * * Neither the name of 'jMonkeyEngine' nor the names of its contributors
+ *   may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *   without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+ * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+ * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
+ * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+ * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+ * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+ * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+ * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+package com.jme3.bounding;
+
+import com.jme3.math.Vector3f;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Benchmark;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.BenchmarkMode;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Fork;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Level;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Measurement;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Mode;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.OutputTimeUnit;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Param;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Scope;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Setup;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.State;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Warmup;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.infra.Blackhole;
+
+@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
+@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS)
+@Warmup(iterations = 5, time = 200, timeUnit = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+@Measurement(iterations = 5, time = 200, timeUnit = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+@Fork(2)
+@State(Scope.Thread)
+public class BoundingVolumeBenchmark {
+
+    @Param({"inside", "outside"})
+    public String pointLocation;
+
+    private BoundingBox box;
+    private BoundingSphere sphere;
+    private Vector3f point;
+
+    @Setup(Level.Trial)
+    public void setupTrial() {
+        box = new BoundingBox(new Vector3f(3f, -2f, 7f), 5f, 9f, 13f);
+        sphere = new BoundingSphere(11f, new Vector3f(3f, -2f, 7f));
+        if ("inside".equals(pointLocation)) {
+            point = new Vector3f(4f, 0f, 9f);
+        } else {
+            point = new Vector3f(39f, -31f, 45f);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Benchmark
+    public void boxDistanceToEdge(Blackhole blackhole) {
+        blackhole.consume(box.distanceToEdge(point));
+    }
+
+    @Benchmark
+    public void boxIntersectsPoint(Blackhole blackhole) {
+        blackhole.consume(box.intersects(point));
+    }
+
+    @Benchmark
+    public void sphereDistanceToEdge(Blackhole blackhole) {
+        blackhole.consume(sphere.distanceToEdge(point));
+    }
+
+    @Benchmark
+    public void sphereIntersectsPoint(Blackhole blackhole) {
+        blackhole.consume(sphere.intersects(point));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/jme3-core/src/benchmark/java/com/jme3/light/LightListMutationBenchmark.java b/jme3-core/src/benchmark/java/com/jme3/light/LightListMutationBenchmark.java
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009-2026 jMonkeyEngine
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ * * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * * Neither the name of 'jMonkeyEngine' nor the names of its contributors
+ *   may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *   without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+ * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+ * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
+ * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+ * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+ * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+ * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+ * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+package com.jme3.light;
+
+import com.jme3.math.Vector3f;
+import com.jme3.scene.Geometry;
+import com.jme3.scene.Mesh;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Benchmark;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.BenchmarkMode;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Fork;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Level;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Measurement;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Mode;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.OutputTimeUnit;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Param;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Scope;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Setup;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.State;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Warmup;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.infra.Blackhole;
+
+@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
+@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS)
+@Warmup(iterations = 5, time = 200, timeUnit = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+@Measurement(iterations = 5, time = 200, timeUnit = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+@Fork(2)
+@State(Scope.Thread)
+public class LightListMutationBenchmark {
+
+    @Param({"8", "64", "256"})
+    public int lightCount;
+
+    private Geometry owner;
+    private Light[] lights;
+    private LightList list;
+    private LightList local;
+    private LightList parent;
+
+    @Setup(Level.Trial)
+    public void setupTrial() {
+        owner = new Geometry("owner", new Mesh());
+        lights = new Light[lightCount * 2];
+        for (int i = 0; i < lights.length; i++) {
+            lights[i] = new PointLight(new Vector3f(i, i * 0.5f, -i));
+        }
+        list = new LightList(owner);
+        local = new LightList(owner);
+        parent = new LightList(owner);
+        for (int i = 0; i < lightCount; i++) {
+            local.add(lights[i]);
+            parent.add(lights[lightCount + i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Setup(Level.Invocation)
+    public void setupInvocation() {
+        list.clear();
+        for (int i = 0; i < lightCount; i++) {
+            list.add(lights[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Benchmark
+    public void removeFromFront(Blackhole blackhole) {
+        list.remove(0);
+        blackhole.consume(list.size());
+    }
+
+    @Benchmark
+    public void removeFromMiddle(Blackhole blackhole) {
+        list.remove(lightCount >>> 1);
+        blackhole.consume(list.size());
+    }
+
+    @Benchmark
+    public void removeFromEnd(Blackhole blackhole) {
+        list.remove(lightCount - 1);
+        blackhole.consume(list.size());
+    }
+
+    @Benchmark
+    public void updateFromLocalAndParent(Blackhole blackhole) {
+        list.update(local, parent);
+        blackhole.consume(list.size());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/jme3-core/src/benchmark/java/com/jme3/light/LightListSortBenchmark.java b/jme3-core/src/benchmark/java/com/jme3/light/LightListSortBenchmark.java
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2009-2026 jMonkeyEngine
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ * * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * * Neither the name of 'jMonkeyEngine' nor the names of its contributors
+ *   may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+ *   without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+ * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+ * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
+ * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+ * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+ * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+ * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+ * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+package com.jme3.light;
+
+import com.jme3.math.Vector3f;
+import com.jme3.scene.Geometry;
+import com.jme3.scene.Mesh;
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Benchmark;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.BenchmarkMode;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Fork;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Level;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Measurement;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Mode;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.OutputTimeUnit;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Param;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Scope;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Setup;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.State;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.annotations.Warmup;
+import org.openjdk.jmh.infra.Blackhole;
+
+@BenchmarkMode(Mode.AverageTime)
+@OutputTimeUnit(TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS)
+@Warmup(iterations = 5, time = 200, timeUnit = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+@Measurement(iterations = 5, time = 200, timeUnit = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+@Fork(2)
+@State(Scope.Thread)
+public class LightListSortBenchmark {
+
+    @Param({"8", "64", "256"})
+    public int lightCount;
+
+    @Param({"1", "8", "1024"})
+    public int retainedCapacityMultiplier;
+
+    private Geometry owner;
+    private Light[] lights;
+    private LightList list;
+    private int invocation;
+
+    @Setup(Level.Trial)
+    public void setupTrial() {
+        owner = new Geometry("owner", new Mesh());
+        owner.setLocalTranslation(3f, -7f, 11f);
+        owner.updateGeometricState();
+
+        lights = new Light[lightCount];
+        Random random = new Random(0x51A7E5L + lightCount);
+        for (int i = 0; i < lightCount; i++) {
+            switch (i & 3) {
+                case 0:
+                    lights[i] = new AmbientLight();
+                    break;
+                case 1:
+                    lights[i] = new DirectionalLight(new Vector3f(1f, -1f, 0.25f).normalizeLocal());
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    lights[i] = new PointLight(new Vector3f(
+                            random.nextFloat() * 200f - 100f,
+                            random.nextFloat() * 200f - 100f,
+                            random.nextFloat() * 200f - 100f));
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        list = new LightList(owner);
+        int retainedCapacity = Math.max(lightCount, lightCount * retainedCapacityMultiplier);
+        for (int i = 0; i < retainedCapacity; i++) {
+            list.add(lights[i % lightCount]);
+        }
+        list.clear();
+    }
+
+    @Setup(Level.Invocation)
+    public void setupInvocation() {
+        list.clear();
+        int offset = (invocation++ & Integer.MAX_VALUE) % lightCount;
+        for (int i = 0; i < lightCount; i++) {
+            list.add(lights[(i + offset) % lightCount]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Benchmark
+    public void sortTransformChanged(Blackhole blackhole) {
+        list.sort(true);
+        blackhole.consume(list.get(lightCount - 1));
+    }
+}