🤗 Datasets is a lightweight library providing two main features:
- one-line dataloaders for many public datasets: one-liners to download and pre-process any of the
major public datasets (image datasets, audio datasets, text datasets in 467 languages and dialects, 3D medical images, video datasets, agent traces, etc.) provided on the HuggingFace Datasets Hub. With a simple command like
squad_dataset = load_dataset("rajpurkar/squad"), get any of these datasets ready to use in a dataloader for training/evaluating a ML model (Numpy/Pandas/PyTorch/TensorFlow/JAX/Polars), - efficient data pre-processing: simple, fast and reproducible data pre-processing for the public datasets as well as your own local datasets in CSV, JSON, JSONL, Parquet, HDF5, XML, text, PNG, JPEG, WAV, MP3, PDF, NIfTI, and more. With simple commands like
processed_dataset = dataset.map(process_example), efficiently prepare the dataset for inspection and ML model evaluation and training.
🎓 Documentation 🔎 Find a dataset in the Hub 🌟 Share a dataset on the Hub
🤗 Datasets is designed to let the community easily add and share new datasets, and provides powerful capabilities for data manipulation:
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| 📦 One-line dataset loading | Load AI-ready datasets from the Hugging Face Hub or local files with load_dataset() |
| 🔍 Multiple formats | Native support for CSV, JSON, JSONL, Parquet, Arrow, XML, Text, Webdataset, and more |
| 🖼️ Multi-modal data | Built-in support for text, audio, image, video, PDF, and NIfTI (3D medical) data |
| 🚀 Streaming mode | Stream datasets without downloading — iterate over data on-the-fly with streaming=True (now up to 100x faster with Xet backend) |
| 💾 HF Storage Buckets | Read and write directly from/to Hugging Face Storage Buckets for mutable, large-scale raw data |
| 🧠 AI Agent Traces | Load and process AI agent traces (prompts, tool calls, responses) from the Hub |
| ⚡ Apache Arrow backend | Zero-copy memory-mapped storage — datasets naturally free you from RAM limitations |
| 🔄 Smart caching | Never wait for your data to process twice — cached results are automatically reused |
| 📊 Multi-framework interoperability | Native conversion to/from NumPy, Pandas, Polars, Arrow, PyTorch, TensorFlow, JAX, and Spark |
| 🏎️ Multi-processing | Fast parallel data processing with map(num_proc=N) |
| 🔎 Search & index | Built-in FAISS and Elasticsearch index support for similarity search |
| 📦 JSON type | Flexible JSON/structured data support with Json() feature type |
🤗 Datasets can be installed from PyPi and should be installed in a virtual environment (venv or conda for instance):
pip install datasetsFor the latest development version:
pip install "datasets @ git+https://github.com/huggingface/datasets.git"conda install -c huggingface -c conda-forge datasets🤗 Datasets supports various optional features via extras:
# For audio (torchcodec)
pip install datasets[audio]
# For image/video (Pillow, torchcodec)
pip install datasets[vision]
# For PDFs/NIfTI (pdfplumber, nibabel)
pip install datasets[pdfs,nibabel]
# For PyTorch/TensorFlow/JAX integration
pip install datasets[torch,tensorflow,jax]
For more details on installation, check the installation page.
🤗 Datasets is made to be very simple to use — the API is centered around a single function, datasets.load_dataset(dataset_name, **kwargs), that instantiates a dataset.
Here is a quick example:
from datasets import load_dataset
# Load a dataset and print the first example in the training set
squad_dataset = load_dataset('rajpurkar/squad')
print(squad_dataset['train'][0])
# Process the dataset - add a column with the length of the context texts
dataset_with_length = squad_dataset.map(lambda x: {"length": len(x["context"])})
# Tokenize the context texts (using a tokenizer from the 🤗 Transformers library)
from transformers import AutoTokenizer
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('bert-base-cased')
tokenized_dataset = squad_dataset.map(lambda x: tokenizer(x['context']), batched=True)
# Tokenize chat conversations with a chat template (using a model that supports chat templates)
# This is useful for fine-tuning instruction/chat models
# Load a popular chat dataset (ultrachat_200k contains ~200k AI assistant conversations)
chat_dataset = load_dataset('HuggingFaceH4/ultrachat_200k', split='train_sft')
chat_tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('Qwen/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct')
def tokenize_chat(examples):
# Apply the chat template and tokenize in one step
return chat_tokenizer.apply_chat_template(examples["messages"])
tokenized_chat_dataset = chat_dataset.map(tokenize_chat, batched=True)If your dataset is bigger than your disk or if you don't want to wait to download the data, you can use streaming:
# Stream the dataset without downloading anything
image_dataset = load_dataset('timm/imagenet-1k-wds', streaming=True)
for example in image_dataset["train"]:
print(example["image"])
break🤗 Datasets supports a wide variety of data types out of the box:
# Audio dataset
dataset = load_dataset("openslr/librispeech_asr", "clean")
# Image dataset
dataset = load_dataset("ILSVRC/imagenet-1k")
# Video dataset
dataset = load_dataset("Shofo/shofo-tiktok-general-small")
# PDF documents
dataset = load_dataset("pixparse/pdfa-eng-wds")
# NIfTI (3D medical imaging)
dataset = load_dataset("dartbrains/localizer", "betas")# Load from local CSV
dataset = load_dataset('csv', data_files='my_data.csv')
# Load from local Parquet
dataset = load_dataset('parquet', data_files='data/*.parquet')
# Load from a local directory (auto-detect format)
dataset = load_dataset('./path/to/data')from datasets import Dataset
# From a dictionary
dataset = Dataset.from_dict({"text": ["Hello world", "How are you?"]})
# From a list
dataset = Dataset.from_list([{"text": "Hello world"}, {"text": "How are you?"}])
# From Pandas
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame({"col1": [1, 2, 3], "col2": ["a", "b", "c"]})
dataset = Dataset.from_pandas(df)
# From a generator
def gen():
for i in range(10):
yield {"value": i}
dataset = Dataset.from_generator(gen)For more details on using the library, check the quick start guide and the specific pages on:
The library provides two main dataset classes:
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
Dataset |
In-memory / memory-mapped dataset backed by Apache Arrow. Supports indexing, slicing, random access and caching. |
IterableDataset |
Lazy, streamable dataset for large-scale / out-of-core processing. Supports streaming and infinite iteration. |
Both are wrapped in DatasetDict / IterableDatasetDict for multi-split datasets (e.g., train/test/val).
We have a very detailed step-by-step guide to add a new dataset to the
You can find:
- how to upload a dataset to the Hub using your web browser or Python and also
- how to upload it using Git.
You can use 🤗 Datasets to load datasets based on versioned git repositories maintained by the dataset authors. For reproducibility reasons, we ask users to pin the revision of the repositories they use.
If you're a dataset owner and wish to update any part of it (description, citation, license, etc.), or do not want your dataset to be included in the Hugging Face Hub, please get in touch by opening a discussion or a pull request in the Community tab of the dataset page. Thanks for your contribution to the ML community!
We welcome contributions! Please see our Contributing Guide for details on:
- How to submit issues and pull requests
- Code style guidelines (we use Ruff)
- Testing requirements
- Documentation standards
If you want to cite our 🤗 Datasets library, you can use our paper:
@inproceedings{lhoest-etal-2021-datasets,
title = "Datasets: A Community Library for Natural Language Processing",
author = "Lhoest, Quentin and
Villanova del Moral, Albert and
Jernite, Yacine and
Thakur, Abhishek and
von Platen, Patrick and
Patil, Suraj and
Chaumond, Julien and
Drame, Mariama and
Plu, Julien and
Tunstall, Lewis and
Davison, Joe and
{\v{S}}a{\v{s}}ko, Mario and
Chhablani, Gunjan and
Malik, Bhavitvya and
Brandeis, Simon and
Le Scao, Teven and
Sanh, Victor and
Xu, Canwen and
Patry, Nicolas and
McMillan-Major, Angelina and
Schmid, Philipp and
Gugger, Sylvain and
Delangue, Cl{\'e}ment and
Matussi{\`e}re, Th{\'e}o and
Debut, Lysandre and
Bekman, Stas and
Cistac, Pierric and
Goehringer, Thibault and
Mustar, Victor and
Lagunas, Fran{\c{c}}ois and
Rush, Alexander and
Wolf, Thomas",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: System Demonstrations",
month = nov,
year = "2021",
address = "Online and Punta Cana, Dominican Republic",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://aclanthology.org/2021.emnlp-demo.21",
pages = "175--184",
abstract = "The scale, variety, and quantity of publicly-available NLP datasets has grown rapidly as researchers propose new tasks, larger models, and novel benchmarks. Datasets is a community library for contemporary NLP designed to support this ecosystem. Datasets aims to standardize end-user interfaces, versioning, and documentation, while providing a lightweight front-end that behaves similarly for small datasets as for internet-scale corpora. The design of the library incorporates a distributed, community-driven approach to adding datasets and documenting usage. After a year of development, the library now includes more than 650 unique datasets, has more than 250 contributors, and has helped support a variety of novel cross-dataset research projects and shared tasks. The library is available at https://github.com/huggingface/datasets.",
eprint={2109.02846},
archivePrefix={arXiv},
primaryClass={cs.CL},
}If you need to cite a specific version of our 🤗 Datasets library for reproducibility, you can use the corresponding version Zenodo DOI from this list.