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[codex] Fix detached ArrayBuffer proxy DX#1985

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codex/fix-detached-arraybuffer-proxy-dx
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[codex] Fix detached ArrayBuffer proxy DX#1985
pranaygp wants to merge 3 commits into
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codex/fix-detached-arraybuffer-proxy-dx

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@pranaygp pranaygp commented May 14, 2026

Summary

  • improve @workflow/world-local queue logging for the Cannot perform ArrayBuffer.prototype.slice on a detached ArrayBuffer failure mode
  • point developers at the concrete Next.js proxy.ts / middleware.ts matcher fix when /.well-known/workflow/* is being intercepted
  • make the Next.js getting-started docs easier to discover for both v4 and v5 users
  • add a changeset for the local-world package

Root cause

When a Next.js proxy or middleware reads the request body for Workflow's internal POST /.well-known/workflow/v1/flow request, the underlying ArrayBuffer can be detached before the executor reads it. The local queue then surfaces an undici-style fetch failed error with a detached-ArrayBuffer cause, which is technically correct but not actionable enough on its own.

What changed

  • detect the detached-ArrayBuffer error chain in packages/world-local/src/queue.ts
  • replace the raw async queue failure log with an actionable hint and docs link for this specific case
  • add a queue regression test for the rejected-fetch path
  • update the Next.js docs copy in docs/content/docs/v4/getting-started/next.mdx and docs/content/docs/v5/getting-started/next.mdx

Closes #1982

Validation

  • git diff --check
  • package tests could not be run in this worktree because pnpm, npm, corepack, and node_modules are unavailable here

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changeset-bot Bot commented May 14, 2026 •
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 23b8b4e

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 20 packages
Name Type
@workflow/world-local Patch
@workflow/cli Patch
@workflow/core Patch
@workflow/vitest Patch
@workflow/world-postgres Patch
tarballs Patch
workflow Patch
@workflow/world-testing Patch
@workflow/builders Patch
@workflow/next Patch
@workflow/nitro Patch
@workflow/web-shared Patch
@workflow/web Patch
@workflow/ai Patch
@workflow/astro Patch
@workflow/nest Patch
@workflow/rollup Patch
@workflow/sveltekit Patch
@workflow/vite Patch
@workflow/nuxt Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 0.025s (-43.6% 🟢) 1.004s (~) 0.979s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 0.036s (-17.4% 🟢) 1.005s (~) 0.970s 10 1.42x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.048s (-49.4% 🟢) 1.012s (-2.9%) 0.964s 10 1.93x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.058s 1.011s 0.954s 10 2.30x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.067s (+16.2% 🔺) 1.035s (+2.5%) 0.968s 10 2.70x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 0.554s (+135.4% 🔺) 2.532s (+18.5% 🔺) 1.977s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 0.804s (+219.6% 🔺) 2.964s (+27.0% 🔺) 2.160s 10 1.45x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 1.058s (-6.0% 🟢) 2.005s (~) 0.947s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 1.070s (-5.4% 🟢) 2.007s (~) 0.937s 10 1.01x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.083s (-5.0%) 2.008s (~) 0.925s 10 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.124s (-2.0%) 2.035s (+1.2%) 0.911s 10 1.06x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.131s 2.014s 0.883s 10 1.07x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 1.636s (-19.6% 🟢) 3.854s (+0.6%) 2.218s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 1.682s (-10.3% 🟢) 3.646s (-4.2%) 1.964s 10 1.03x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 10.321s (-5.5% 🟢) 11.021s (~) 0.700s 3 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 10.409s (-4.2%) 11.016s (~) 0.607s 3 1.01x
💻 Local Nitro 10.432s (-4.7%) 11.022s (~) 0.590s 3 1.01x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 10.745s 11.016s 0.271s 3 1.04x
🐘 Postgres Express 10.940s (~) 11.031s (~) 0.091s 3 1.06x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 13.757s (-20.6% 🟢) 15.481s (-20.2% 🟢) 1.724s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 13.758s (-19.0% 🟢) 15.735s (-21.4% 🟢) 1.976s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 13.291s (-11.2% 🟢) 14.026s (-6.7% 🟢) 0.734s 5 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 13.499s (-7.5% 🟢) 14.018s (-6.7% 🟢) 0.520s 5 1.02x
💻 Local Nitro 13.533s (-10.2% 🟢) 14.028s (-12.5% 🟢) 0.495s 5 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 14.158s 15.020s 0.862s 4 1.07x
🐘 Postgres Express 14.244s (-2.3%) 14.640s (-2.5%) 0.396s 5 1.07x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 22.607s (-57.0% 🟢) 24.213s (-55.7% 🟢) 1.607s 3 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 22.657s (-55.0% 🟢) 24.432s (-53.5% 🟢) 1.774s 3 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 11.504s (-30.7% 🟢) 12.020s (-29.4% 🟢) 0.516s 8 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 11.924s (-14.6% 🟢) 12.268s (-14.3% 🟢) 0.345s 8 1.04x
💻 Local Nitro 11.984s (-28.6% 🟢) 12.273s (-27.9% 🟢) 0.290s 8 1.04x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 13.315s 14.016s 0.701s 7 1.16x
🐘 Postgres Express 13.443s (-4.0%) 14.023s (-3.9%) 0.580s 7 1.17x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 32.646s (-91.7% 🟢) 35.171s (-91.1% 🟢) 2.525s 3 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 33.063s (-72.7% 🟢) 35.293s (-71.5% 🟢) 2.229s 3 1.01x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.144s (-10.2% 🟢) 2.007s (~) 0.863s 15 1.00x
💻 Local Express 1.151s (-22.7% 🟢) 2.005s (~) 0.854s 15 1.01x
💻 Local Nitro 1.179s (-27.7% 🟢) 2.006s (-3.3%) 0.827s 15 1.03x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.196s (-5.1% 🟢) 2.016s (~) 0.820s 15 1.04x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.218s 2.007s 0.789s 15 1.06x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 2.765s (-3.3%) 4.520s (-2.2%) 1.755s 7 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 2.898s (-14.7% 🟢) 4.679s (-5.1% 🟢) 1.781s 7 1.05x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.207s (-48.6% 🟢) 2.007s (-33.3% 🟢) 0.799s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.343s 2.008s 0.664s 15 1.11x
💻 Local Express 1.550s (-47.5% 🟢) 2.005s (-41.9% 🟢) 0.455s 15 1.28x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.641s (-30.5% 🟢) 2.081s (-30.8% 🟢) 0.441s 15 1.36x
💻 Local Nitro 1.827s (-41.9% 🟢) 2.075s (-46.6% 🟢) 0.248s 15 1.51x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 3.759s (+3.9%) 5.475s (+7.1% 🔺) 1.716s 6 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.966s (-44.1% 🟢) 5.630s (-36.8% 🟢) 1.663s 6 1.06x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.329s (-61.8% 🟢) 2.007s (-49.9% 🟢) 0.678s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.621s 2.008s 0.387s 15 1.22x
🐘 Postgres Express 2.089s (-40.1% 🟢) 2.826s (-29.5% 🟢) 0.738s 11 1.57x
💻 Local Express 3.515s (-57.8% 🟢) 4.009s (-55.6% 🟢) 0.494s 8 2.65x
💻 Local Nitro 5.100s (-38.9% 🟢) 5.680s (-37.0% 🟢) 0.580s 6 3.84x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 5.591s (+31.9% 🔺) 7.203s (+17.6% 🔺) 1.612s 5 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 5.780s (-35.2% 🟢) 7.496s (-31.6% 🟢) 1.716s 5 1.03x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.149s (-8.6% 🟢) 2.010s (~) 0.860s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.205s 2.008s 0.802s 15 1.05x
💻 Local Express 1.283s (-32.3% 🟢) 2.005s (-15.2% 🟢) 0.723s 15 1.12x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.408s (+12.0% 🔺) 2.151s (+7.1% 🔺) 0.743s 15 1.23x
💻 Local Nitro 1.424s (-23.7% 🟢) 2.006s (-14.3% 🟢) 0.583s 15 1.24x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 2.616s (+1.4%) 4.298s (-1.2%) 1.681s 7 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 2.776s (-5.3% 🟢) 4.332s (-6.7% 🟢) 1.555s 7 1.06x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.221s (-47.8% 🟢) 2.008s (-33.3% 🟢) 0.787s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.335s (-43.0% 🟢) 2.012s (-33.2% 🟢) 0.677s 15 1.09x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.342s 2.007s 0.665s 15 1.10x
💻 Local Express 1.636s (-47.8% 🟢) 2.005s (-46.7% 🟢) 0.369s 15 1.34x
💻 Local Nitro 2.147s (-30.0% 🟢) 2.507s (-35.5% 🟢) 0.360s 12 1.76x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 4.153s (+30.1% 🔺) 5.860s (+22.3% 🔺) 1.706s 6 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 4.712s (+49.9% 🔺) 6.679s (+47.7% 🔺) 1.967s 5 1.13x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.350s (-61.2% 🟢) 2.007s (-49.9% 🟢) 0.657s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.621s 2.074s 0.453s 15 1.20x
🐘 Postgres Express 2.060s (-41.1% 🟢) 2.750s (-31.4% 🟢) 0.689s 11 1.53x
💻 Local Express 4.339s (-50.7% 🟢) 4.872s (-47.5% 🟢) 0.532s 7 3.21x
💻 Local Nitro 6.043s (-33.9% 🟢) 6.515s (-35.0% 🟢) 0.472s 6 4.48x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 5.970s (-11.7% 🟢) 7.821s (-8.5% 🟢) 1.852s 4 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 6.409s (~) 8.346s (+2.0%) 1.937s 4 1.07x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 0.370s (-62.4% 🟢) 1.003s (-6.7% 🟢) 0.633s 60 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.445s (-45.8% 🟢) 1.006s (~) 0.562s 60 1.20x
💻 Local Nitro 0.566s (-42.2% 🟢) 1.096s (~) 0.529s 55 1.53x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.659s 1.006s 0.348s 60 1.78x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.691s (-17.6% 🟢) 1.236s (+20.8% 🔺) 0.544s 49 1.87x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 5.115s (-73.1% 🟢) 7.052s (-66.9% 🟢) 1.937s 9 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 5.357s (-63.1% 🟢) 7.189s (-55.3% 🟢) 1.832s 9 1.05x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 0.984s (-67.4% 🟢) 1.322s (-63.1% 🟢) 0.338s 69 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.024s (-46.9% 🟢) 1.435s (-31.7% 🟢) 0.412s 63 1.04x
💻 Local Nitro 1.190s (-60.8% 🟢) 2.006s (-46.6% 🟢) 0.816s 45 1.21x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.340s (-32.2% 🟢) 1.976s (-12.5% 🟢) 0.636s 46 1.36x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.587s 2.007s 0.420s 45 1.61x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 14.687s (-57.5% 🟢) 16.599s (-54.9% 🟢) 1.913s 6 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 15.215s (-69.4% 🟢) 17.023s (-67.1% 🟢) 1.808s 6 1.04x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 2.124s (-48.2% 🟢) 2.735s (-40.6% 🟢) 0.611s 44 1.00x
💻 Local Express 2.242s (-75.7% 🟢) 3.006s (-70.0% 🟢) 0.764s 40 1.06x
💻 Local Nitro 2.711s (-70.8% 🟢) 3.008s (-70.0% 🟢) 0.297s 40 1.28x
🐘 Postgres Express 2.782s (-30.3% 🟢) 3.337s (-23.6% 🟢) 0.555s 36 1.31x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 3.143s 4.008s 0.866s 30 1.48x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 42.252s (-67.5% 🟢) 44.713s (-66.2% 🟢) 2.461s 3 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 45.487s (-57.5% 🟢) 47.658s (-56.2% 🟢) 2.171s 3 1.08x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.180s (-36.5% 🟢) 1.006s (~) 0.826s 60 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.235s 1.006s 0.771s 60 1.31x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.307s (+8.8% 🔺) 1.023s (+1.6%) 0.716s 59 1.71x
💻 Local Express 0.383s (-31.6% 🟢) 1.003s (~) 0.620s 60 2.13x
💻 Local Nitro 0.449s (-25.8% 🟢) 1.004s (-1.7%) 0.556s 60 2.50x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 2.502s (+28.0% 🔺) 4.257s (+17.1% 🔺) 1.756s 15 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.344s (+65.3% 🔺) 5.242s (+38.2% 🔺) 1.898s 12 1.34x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.286s (-42.3% 🟢) 1.006s (~) 0.720s 90 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.446s 1.006s 0.560s 90 1.56x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.625s (+22.6% 🔺) 1.241s (+23.3% 🔺) 0.616s 74 2.18x
💻 Local Express 1.899s (-24.5% 🟢) 2.376s (-21.0% 🟢) 0.477s 38 6.63x
💻 Local Nitro 2.267s (-10.7% 🟢) 2.976s (-1.1%) 0.710s 31 7.92x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 9.673s (+217.5% 🔺) 11.762s (+144.7% 🔺) 2.089s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 9.895s (+179.9% 🔺) 11.625s (+123.9% 🔺) 1.731s 8 1.02x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.594s (-24.8% 🟢) 1.006s (~) 0.411s 120 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.869s (+6.2% 🔺) 1.343s (+32.0% 🔺) 0.474s 91 1.46x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.941s 1.284s 0.343s 94 1.58x
💻 Local Express 8.239s (-26.4% 🟢) 8.808s (-26.2% 🟢) 0.569s 14 13.86x
💻 Local Nitro 10.068s (-10.0% 🟢) 10.860s (-6.9% 🟢) 0.792s 12 16.94x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 19.860s (+92.3% 🔺) 21.919s (+78.4% 🔺) 2.059s 6 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 22.413s (+202.0% 🔺) 24.842s (+168.7% 🔺) 2.429s 5 1.13x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Stream Benchmarks (includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 1.103s (+454.0% 🔺) 2.004s (+99.5% 🔺) 0.008s (-35.5% 🟢) 2.014s (+97.8% 🔺) 0.911s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.134s (+453.0% 🔺) 2.001s (+100.2% 🔺) 0.001s (-20.0% 🟢) 2.010s (+98.8% 🔺) 0.876s 10 1.03x
💻 Local Nitro 1.135s (+431.1% 🔺) 2.005s (+99.6% 🔺) 0.013s (+2.4%) 2.020s (+98.2% 🔺) 0.885s 10 1.03x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.206s 2.001s 0.001s 2.010s 0.804s 10 1.09x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.402s (+583.6% 🔺) 1.994s (+99.7% 🔺) 0.193s (+11981.3% 🔺) 2.200s (+117.5% 🔺) 0.798s 10 1.27x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 2.302s (-66.4% 🟢) 3.616s (-58.2% 🟢) 2.635s (+316.9% 🔺) 6.754s (-31.0% 🟢) 4.452s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 2.785s (+11.2% 🔺) 4.040s (-1.2%) 2.458s (+155.8% 🔺) 7.004s (+25.3% 🔺) 4.219s 10 1.21x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - - -

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 1.437s (+89.7% 🔺) 2.008s (+95.2% 🔺) 0.008s (-10.8% 🟢) 2.019s (+94.1% 🔺) 0.582s 30 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.505s (+141.1% 🔺) 2.004s (+99.0% 🔺) 0.004s (+0.8%) 2.027s (+98.3% 🔺) 0.522s 30 1.05x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.696s 2.011s 0.004s 2.027s 0.331s 30 1.18x
💻 Local Nitro 1.939s (+131.2% 🔺) 2.011s (+98.7% 🔺) 0.010s (+4.2%) 2.424s (+117.2% 🔺) 0.485s 25 1.35x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.942s (+208.2% 🔺) 2.404s (+138.9% 🔺) 0.003s (-20.6% 🟢) 2.433s (+137.8% 🔺) 0.491s 25 1.35x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 5.992s (-7.9% 🟢) 7.347s (-8.3% 🟢) 0.338s (-17.2% 🟢) 8.207s (-7.1% 🟢) 2.216s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 6.314s (-62.7% 🟢) 7.610s (-58.3% 🟢) 0.308s (+45.9% 🔺) 8.421s (-55.5% 🟢) 2.107s 8 1.05x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 0.653s (-32.6% 🟢) 1.010s (-19.0% 🟢) 0.000s (-18.6% 🟢) 1.033s (-17.9% 🟢) 0.380s 59 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.790s 1.035s 0.000s 1.050s 0.259s 58 1.21x
💻 Local Express 1.147s (-6.4% 🟢) 1.919s (-5.0% 🟢) 0.000s (-43.7% 🟢) 1.921s (-5.0% 🟢) 0.774s 32 1.76x
💻 Local Nitro 1.351s (+10.5% 🔺) 2.015s (~) 0.000s (+266.7% 🔺) 2.017s (~) 0.666s 30 2.07x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.537s (+59.9% 🔺) 2.026s (+58.5% 🔺) 0.000s (-20.7% 🟢) 2.081s (+59.3% 🔺) 0.545s 29 2.35x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 3.894s (+4.1%) 5.233s (+2.6%) 0.000s (~) 5.730s (+3.6%) 1.835s 11 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.982s (-60.9% 🟢) 5.367s (-53.4% 🟢) 0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺) 5.864s (-51.3% 🟢) 1.882s 11 1.02x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Nitro 1.285s (-28.3% 🟢) 1.997s (-6.7% 🟢) 0.000s (-100.0% 🟢) 2.008s (-7.6% 🟢) 0.724s 30 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.768s 2.310s 0.000s 2.329s 0.561s 26 1.38x
💻 Local Express 2.417s (-30.3% 🟢) 2.926s (-27.5% 🟢) 0.000s (-64.3% 🟢) 2.934s (-27.3% 🟢) 0.517s 21 1.88x
🐘 Postgres Express 2.841s (+60.3% 🔺) 3.388s (+55.6% 🔺) 0.000s (NaN%) 3.432s (+56.1% 🔺) 0.591s 18 2.21x
💻 Local Nitro 3.120s (-7.9% 🟢) 3.903s (-3.2%) 0.001s (+52.3% 🔺) 3.906s (-3.2%) 0.786s 16 2.43x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) ⚠️ missing - - - - -

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 6.073s (+32.4% 🔺) 7.379s (+22.5% 🔺) 0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺) 7.836s (+21.4% 🔺) 1.763s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 7.187s (+28.0% 🔺) 8.564s (+22.7% 🔺) 0.002s (+1271.4% 🔺) 9.054s (+20.1% 🔺) 1.867s 7 1.18x
▲ Vercel Nitro ⚠️ missing - - - - -

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World 🥇 Fastest Framework Wins
💻 Local Express 21/21
🐘 Postgres Nitro 21/21
▲ Vercel Express 14/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework 🥇 Fastest World Wins
Express 💻 Local 15/21
Next.js (Turbopack) 🐘 Postgres 21/21
Nitro 🐘 Postgres 19/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

❌ Some benchmark jobs failed:

  • Local: failure
  • Postgres: success
  • Vercel: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

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github-actions Bot commented May 14, 2026 •
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🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

Passed Failed Skipped Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production 1200 0 219 1419
✅ 💻 Local Development 1587 0 219 1806
❌ 📦 Local Production 1586 1 219 1806
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres 1585 2 219 1806
✅ 🪟 Windows 129 0 0 129
✅ 📋 Other 727 0 176 903
Total 6814 3 1052 7869

❌ Failed Tests

📦 Local Production (1 failed)

express-stable (1 failed):

  • AbortController abortDeterministicBranchFromStepWorkflow: branches stay consistent when abort comes from a step
🐘 Local Postgres (2 failed)

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled (1 failed):

  • fibonacciWorkflow - recursive workflow composition via start() | wrun_01KRKWBRX7NGV00S0KWK71JEEY

nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled (1 failed):

  • DurableAgent e2e core basic text response

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro 103 0 26
✅ example 103 0 26
✅ express 103 0 26
✅ fastify 103 0 26
✅ hono 103 0 26
✅ nextjs-turbopack 127 0 2
✅ nextjs-webpack 127 0 2
✅ nitro 103 0 26
✅ nuxt 103 0 26
✅ sveltekit 122 0 7
✅ vite 103 0 26
✅ 💻 Local Development
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 104 0 25
✅ express-stable 104 0 25
✅ fastify-stable 104 0 25
✅ hono-stable 104 0 25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 110 0 19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled 129 0 0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled 129 0 0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 110 0 19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled 129 0 0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled 129 0 0
✅ nitro-stable 104 0 25
✅ nuxt-stable 104 0 25
✅ sveltekit-stable 123 0 6
✅ vite-stable 104 0 25
❌ 📦 Local Production
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 104 0 25
❌ express-stable 103 1 25
✅ fastify-stable 104 0 25
✅ hono-stable 104 0 25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 110 0 19
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled 129 0 0
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled 129 0 0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 110 0 19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled 129 0 0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled 129 0 0
✅ nitro-stable 104 0 25
✅ nuxt-stable 104 0 25
✅ sveltekit-stable 123 0 6
✅ vite-stable 104 0 25
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 104 0 25
✅ express-stable 104 0 25
✅ fastify-stable 104 0 25
✅ hono-stable 104 0 25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 110 0 19
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled 128 1 0
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled 128 1 0
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 110 0 19
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-disabled 129 0 0
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable-lazy-discovery-enabled 129 0 0
✅ nitro-stable 104 0 25
✅ nuxt-stable 104 0 25
✅ sveltekit-stable 123 0 6
✅ vite-stable 104 0 25
✅ 🪟 Windows
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack 129 0 0
✅ 📋 Other
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable 104 0 25
✅ e2e-local-dev-tanstack-start- 104 0 25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable 104 0 25
✅ e2e-local-postgres-tanstack-start- 104 0 25
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable 104 0 25
✅ e2e-local-prod-tanstack-start- 104 0 25
✅ e2e-vercel-prod-tanstack-start 103 0 26

📋 View full workflow run

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

  • Vercel Prod: success
  • Local Dev: success
  • Local Prod: failure
  • Local Postgres: failure
  • Windows: success

Check the workflow run for details.

pranaygp
pranaygp commented May 14, 2026
View reviewed changes
Comment thread packages/world-local/src/queue.ts Outdated
const DETACHED_ARRAYBUFFER_ERROR =
'Cannot perform ArrayBuffer.prototype.slice on a detached ArrayBuffer';
const PROXY_HANDLER_DOCS_URL =
'https://useworkflow.dev/docs/getting-started/next#configure-proxy-handler';
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Suggested change
'https://useworkflow.dev/docs/getting-started/next#configure-proxy-handler';
'https://workflow-sdk.dev/docs/getting-started/next#configure-proxy-handler';

@pranaygp pranaygp marked this pull request as ready for review May 14, 2026 18:27
@pranaygp pranaygp requested a review from a team as a code owner May 14, 2026 18:27
Copilot AI review requested due to automatic review settings May 14, 2026 18:27
Copilot AI reviewed May 14, 2026
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Pull request overview

Improves DX for the common "detached ArrayBuffer" failure mode where a Next.js proxy/middleware intercepts Workflow's internal /.well-known/workflow/* request, by upgrading the local queue's error log to actionable guidance, adding test coverage, surfacing the same hint in the Next.js getting-started docs, and making the relevant docs section directly linkable via URL hash.

Changes:

  • Detect detached-ArrayBuffer errors (with cause-chain walk + cycle guard) in world-local queue's .catch() and replace the generic log with an actionable message + docs link, plus a regression test stubbing fetch.
  • Expand the v4/v5 Next.js getting-started "Configure Proxy Handler" accordion with a callout naming the exact error string, and give the accordion item an h3 anchor id (configure-proxy-handler).
  • Add a generic hash-open/scroll effect to the shared Accordion component so deep-links open the relevant accordion item; add a changeset for @workflow/world-local.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 6 out of 6 changed files in this pull request and generated no comments.

Show a summary per file
File Description
packages/world-local/src/queue.ts Adds detached-ArrayBuffer detection and the actionable replacement log path in the queue's catch handler.
packages/world-local/src/queue.test.ts Adds a regression test that stubs fetch to reject with a detached-ArrayBuffer cause and asserts the new log format.
docs/content/docs/v5/getting-started/next.mdx Adds error-string callout and an id="configure-proxy-handler" anchor inside the accordion trigger.
docs/content/docs/v4/getting-started/next.mdx Same docs changes applied to the v4 guide.
docs/components/ui/accordion.tsx Adds a useEffect that opens and scrolls to the accordion item matching window.location.hash on mount and hashchange.
.changeset/sixty-plants-shout.md Patch changeset for @workflow/world-local.

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@pranaygp pranaygp mentioned this pull request May 14, 2026
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DX: cryptic "detached ArrayBuffer" when middleware/proxy consumes workflow request body

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@pranaygp @TooTallNate