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[core] Fix step attempting to serialize this value outside of classes #786

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[core] Fix step attempting to serialize this value outside of classes #786

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@VaguelySerious VaguelySerious commented Jan 15, 2026 •
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Fix for #754 breaking DurableAgent.

Closes #785

Unsure if this is the best solution. I think it's better than fixing DurableAgent specifically, as users might accidentally run into this too.

@VaguelySerious
[core] Fix step attempting to serialize this value when it shouldn't
b7b2249 
Signed-off-by: Peter Wielander <mittgfu@gmail.com>
@VaguelySerious
fix(core): only capture this for registered serializable classes
0e8fe8c 
When a step function is invoked, only capture `this` if it has a
`classId` property (indicating it's a class constructor registered
for serialization by the SWC plugin).

This prevents serialization errors when step functions are called as
methods on arbitrary objects (e.g., `tool.execute()`) where the object
has non-serializable properties like Zod schemas.
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 0e8fe8c

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 15 packages
Name Type
@workflow/core Patch
@workflow/swc-plugin Patch
@workflow/builders Patch
@workflow/cli Patch
@workflow/docs-typecheck Patch
@workflow/next Patch
@workflow/nitro Patch
@workflow/web-shared Patch
workflow Patch
@workflow/astro Patch
@workflow/rollup Patch
@workflow/sveltekit Patch
@workflow/world-testing Patch
@workflow/nuxt Patch
@workflow/ai Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

Passed Failed Skipped Total
❌ ▲ Vercel Production 407 11 11 429
❌ 💻 Local Development 372 10 8 390
❌ 📦 Local Production 372 10 8 390
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres 372 10 8 390
❌ 🪟 Windows 38 1 0 39
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds 144 24 0 168
Total 1705 66 35 1806

❌ Failed Tests

▲ Vercel Production (11 failed)

astro (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

example (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

express (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

fastify (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

hono (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

nextjs-turbopack (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

nextjs-webpack (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

nitro (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

nuxt (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

sveltekit (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

vite (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
💻 Local Development (10 failed)

astro-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

express-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

fastify-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

hono-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

nextjs-turbopack-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

nextjs-webpack-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

nitro-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

nuxt-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

sveltekit-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

vite-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
📦 Local Production (10 failed)

astro-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

express-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

fastify-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

hono-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

nextjs-turbopack-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

nextjs-webpack-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

nitro-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

nuxt-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

sveltekit-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

vite-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
🐘 Local Postgres (10 failed)

astro-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

express-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

fastify-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

hono-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

nextjs-turbopack-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

nextjs-webpack-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

nitro-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

nuxt-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

sveltekit-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

vite-stable (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
🪟 Windows (1 failed)

nextjs-turbopack (1 failed):

  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()
🌍 Community Worlds (24 failed)

mongodb (2 failed):

  • webhookWorkflow
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

redis (2 failed):

  • webhookWorkflow
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

starter (18 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow
  • addTenWorkflow
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars)
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

turso (2 failed):

  • webhookWorkflow
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply()

Details by Category

❌ ▲ Vercel Production
App Passed Failed Skipped
❌ astro 37 1 1
❌ example 37 1 1
❌ express 37 1 1
❌ fastify 37 1 1
❌ hono 37 1 1
❌ nextjs-turbopack 37 1 1
❌ nextjs-webpack 37 1 1
❌ nitro 37 1 1
❌ nuxt 37 1 1
❌ sveltekit 37 1 1
❌ vite 37 1 1
❌ 💻 Local Development
App Passed Failed Skipped
❌ astro-stable 37 1 1
❌ express-stable 37 1 1
❌ fastify-stable 37 1 1
❌ hono-stable 37 1 1
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable 38 1 0
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable 38 1 0
❌ nitro-stable 37 1 1
❌ nuxt-stable 37 1 1
❌ sveltekit-stable 37 1 1
❌ vite-stable 37 1 1
❌ 📦 Local Production
App Passed Failed Skipped
❌ astro-stable 37 1 1
❌ express-stable 37 1 1
❌ fastify-stable 37 1 1
❌ hono-stable 37 1 1
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable 38 1 0
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable 38 1 0
❌ nitro-stable 37 1 1
❌ nuxt-stable 37 1 1
❌ sveltekit-stable 37 1 1
❌ vite-stable 37 1 1
❌ 🐘 Local Postgres
App Passed Failed Skipped
❌ astro-stable 37 1 1
❌ express-stable 37 1 1
❌ fastify-stable 37 1 1
❌ hono-stable 37 1 1
❌ nextjs-turbopack-stable 38 1 0
❌ nextjs-webpack-stable 38 1 0
❌ nitro-stable 37 1 1
❌ nuxt-stable 37 1 1
❌ sveltekit-stable 37 1 1
❌ vite-stable 37 1 1
❌ 🪟 Windows
App Passed Failed Skipped
❌ nextjs-turbopack 38 1 0
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev 3 0 0
❌ mongodb 37 2 0
✅ redis-dev 3 0 0
❌ redis 37 2 0
✅ starter-dev 3 0 0
❌ starter 21 18 0
✅ turso-dev 3 0 0
❌ turso 37 2 0

📋 View full workflow run

❌ Some E2E test jobs failed:

  • Vercel Prod: failure
  • Local Dev: failure
  • Local Prod: failure
  • Local Postgres: failure
  • Windows: failure

Check the workflow run for details.

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 0.038s (-5.0%) 1.014s (~) 0.976s 10 1.00x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 0.040s (-4.5%) 1.017s (~) 0.977s 10 1.06x
🌐 Starter Next.js (Turbopack) 0.041s (+13.0% 🔺) 1.015s (~) 0.974s 10 1.07x
💻 Local Nitro 0.043s (-5.9% 🟢) 1.006s (~) 0.963s 10 1.14x
💻 Local Express 0.044s (+1.4%) 1.007s (~) 0.962s 10 1.16x
🌐 MongoDB Next.js (Turbopack) 0.086s (~) 1.016s (~) 0.930s 10 2.28x
🌐 Turso Next.js (Turbopack) 0.107s (+18.4% 🔺) 1.014s (~) 0.907s 10 2.82x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.232s (-31.2% 🟢) 1.019s (-0.6%) 0.787s 10 6.10x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.350s (+36.6% 🔺) 1.015s (~) 0.665s 10 9.20x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.476s (+47.1% 🔺) 1.013s (~) 0.537s 10 12.53x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 0.602s (-19.5% 🟢) 1.520s (-3.6%) 0.918s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 0.628s (-19.1% 🟢) 1.702s (-5.6% 🟢) 1.074s 10 1.04x
▲ Vercel Nitro 0.641s (-1.9%) 1.557s (-8.4% 🟢) 0.916s 10 1.06x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🌐 Starter 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 1.097s (+1.5%) 2.010s (~) 0.913s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.099s (~) 2.011s (~) 0.912s 10 1.00x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 1.099s (~) 2.011s (~) 0.912s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 1.113s (~) 2.006s (~) 0.893s 10 1.01x
💻 Local Express 1.113s (~) 2.006s (~) 0.893s 10 1.02x
🌐 MongoDB Next.js (Turbopack) 1.301s (~) 2.015s (~) 0.714s 10 1.19x
🌐 Turso Next.js (Turbopack) 1.309s (+1.7%) 2.012s (~) 0.703s 10 1.19x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 2.159s (+21.4% 🔺) 2.515s (+24.8% 🔺) 0.356s 10 1.97x
🐘 Postgres Express 2.183s (+27.9% 🔺) 3.014s (+36.1% 🔺) 0.831s 10 1.99x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 2.334s (-4.5%) 3.013s (-0.6%) 0.679s 10 2.13x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 2.898s (+2.7%) 3.665s (-2.3%) 0.766s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 2.936s (+1.8%) 3.642s (~) 0.707s 10 1.01x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.126s (+11.6% 🔺) 3.903s (+7.3% 🔺) 0.776s 10 1.08x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🌐 Starter 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 10.597s (~) 11.012s (~) 0.415s 5 1.00x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 10.658s (~) 11.016s (~) 0.358s 5 1.01x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 10.668s (~) 11.019s (~) 0.351s 5 1.01x
💻 Local Express 10.802s (~) 11.010s (~) 0.208s 5 1.02x
💻 Local Nitro 10.803s (~) 11.013s (~) 0.209s 5 1.02x
🌐 Turso Next.js (Turbopack) 12.211s (~) 13.024s (~) 0.813s 5 1.15x
🌐 MongoDB Next.js (Turbopack) 12.228s (~) 13.027s (~) 0.799s 5 1.15x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 15.266s (+1.0%) 16.028s (~) 0.762s 5 1.44x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 20.154s (-0.9%) 21.039s (~) 0.885s 5 1.90x
🐘 Postgres Express 20.407s (+30.2% 🔺) 21.035s (+31.2% 🔺) 0.629s 5 1.93x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 23.313s (+0.8%) 24.086s (+1.0%) 0.774s 5 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 23.316s (-1.3%) 24.468s (+1.1%) 1.152s 5 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 23.459s (+1.2%) 24.406s (+1.6%) 0.946s 5 1.01x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🌐 Redis 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 1.356s (~) 2.010s (~) 0.653s 15 1.00x
🌐 Starter Next.js (Turbopack) 1.361s (+1.3%) 2.009s (~) 0.647s 15 1.00x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.371s (-1.3%) 2.011s (~) 0.640s 15 1.01x
💻 Local Express 1.420s (+0.9%) 2.006s (~) 0.586s 15 1.05x
💻 Local Nitro 1.428s (+1.6%) 2.006s (~) 0.578s 15 1.05x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 2.039s (+16.0% 🔺) 2.333s (+15.8% 🔺) 0.294s 13 1.50x
🌐 MongoDB Next.js (Turbopack) 2.135s (-0.8%) 3.013s (~) 0.879s 10 1.57x
🌐 Turso Next.js (Turbopack) 2.238s (+0.9%) 3.013s (~) 0.775s 10 1.65x
🐘 Postgres Express 2.385s (+35.2% 🔺) 3.013s (+44.9% 🔺) 0.627s 10 1.76x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 2.521s (-6.1% 🟢) 3.012s (~) 0.490s 10 1.86x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 3.157s (~) 3.944s (-3.3%) 0.787s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.195s (-7.5% 🟢) 4.092s (-2.1%) 0.897s 8 1.01x
▲ Vercel Express 3.255s (-4.9%) 4.671s (+17.3% 🔺) 1.416s 7 1.03x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 2.153s (-1.4%) 3.117s (-0.9%) 0.964s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 2.215s (~) 3.186s (+1.0%) 0.971s 10 1.03x
💻 Local Express 2.229s (-0.9%) 3.172s (~) 0.942s 10 1.04x
🌐 Starter Next.js (Turbopack) 2.477s (+0.7%) 3.009s (~) 0.531s 10 1.15x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 2.486s (~) 3.012s (~) 0.526s 10 1.15x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 2.645s (+9.9% 🔺) 3.017s (~) 0.372s 10 1.23x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 2.927s (-2.5%) 3.013s (-10.0% 🟢) 0.086s 10 1.36x
🐘 Postgres Express 3.044s (+7.0% 🔺) 3.693s (+22.0% 🔺) 0.648s 9 1.41x
🌐 MongoDB Next.js (Turbopack) 4.626s (-1.3%) 5.181s (~) 0.555s 6 2.15x
🌐 Turso Next.js (Turbopack) 4.675s (-1.1%) 5.185s (~) 0.511s 6 2.17x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 3.650s (-19.0% 🟢) 4.284s (-21.3% 🟢) 0.634s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.814s (-23.0% 🟢) 4.461s (-21.4% 🟢) 0.647s 7 1.04x
▲ Vercel Nitro 4.051s (-16.9% 🟢) 4.527s (-19.1% 🟢) 0.476s 7 1.11x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🌐 Redis 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 1.346s (-0.5%) 2.010s (~) 0.665s 15 1.00x
🌐 Starter Next.js (Turbopack) 1.367s (+2.6%) 2.008s (~) 0.641s 15 1.02x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.392s (-0.7%) 2.014s (~) 0.622s 15 1.03x
💻 Local Nitro 1.415s (+0.8%) 2.006s (~) 0.591s 15 1.05x
💻 Local Express 1.435s (-0.7%) 2.007s (~) 0.572s 15 1.07x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.728s (-3.7%) 2.010s (~) 0.282s 15 1.28x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.825s (+1.6%) 2.013s (~) 0.188s 15 1.36x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.920s (+12.4% 🔺) 2.011s (~) 0.092s 15 1.43x
🌐 MongoDB Next.js (Turbopack) 2.131s (~) 3.012s (~) 0.881s 10 1.58x
🌐 Turso Next.js (Turbopack) 2.226s (~) 3.013s (~) 0.786s 10 1.65x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 3.071s (-1.3%) 3.820s (+1.8%) 0.749s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 3.096s (+0.6%) 3.938s (-2.2%) 0.842s 8 1.01x
▲ Vercel Nitro 6.775s (+98.9% 🔺) 7.633s (+76.4% 🔺) 0.858s 8 2.21x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 2.165s (-1.2%) 3.008s (-2.5%) 0.843s 11 1.00x
💻 Local Express 2.240s (-1.8%) 3.193s (-1.3%) 0.954s 10 1.03x
💻 Local Nitro 2.257s (+2.4%) 3.195s (+1.2%) 0.937s 10 1.04x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 2.500s (+1.1%) 3.012s (~) 0.513s 10 1.15x
🌐 Starter Next.js (Turbopack) 2.500s (-0.6%) 3.009s (~) 0.510s 10 1.15x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 2.664s (+8.6% 🔺) 3.022s (~) 0.358s 10 1.23x
🐘 Postgres Express 2.703s (+4.8%) 3.017s (~) 0.314s 10 1.25x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 2.872s (+5.2% 🔺) 3.021s (~) 0.149s 10 1.33x
🌐 Turso Next.js (Turbopack) 4.697s (-1.1%) 5.180s (~) 0.483s 6 2.17x
🌐 MongoDB Next.js (Turbopack) 4.729s (+1.6%) 5.178s (~) 0.448s 6 2.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 3.220s (-12.6% 🟢) 3.832s (-15.2% 🟢) 0.612s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 3.268s (+1.1%) 3.848s (+0.6%) 0.581s 8 1.01x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.292s (-8.5% 🟢) 3.963s (-4.4%) 0.670s 8 1.02x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks (includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🌐 Starter 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 0.130s (-1.4%) 1.005s (~) 0.000s (NaN%) 1.011s (~) 0.881s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 0.134s (-2.0%) 1.003s (~) 0.020s (+25.3% 🔺) 1.030s (~) 0.896s 10 1.03x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 0.150s (+0.7%) 1.004s (~) 0.000s (-100.0% 🟢) 1.013s (~) 0.863s 10 1.16x
💻 Local Express 0.179s (-0.8%) 0.992s (~) 0.017s (+6.4% 🔺) 1.023s (~) 0.844s 10 1.37x
💻 Local Nitro 0.182s (+4.2%) 0.990s (~) 0.019s (+15.8% 🔺) 1.026s (~) 0.843s 10 1.40x
🌐 MongoDB Next.js (Turbopack) 0.487s (-6.3% 🟢) 0.962s (+3.5%) 0.000s (~) 1.013s (~) 0.526s 10 3.74x
🌐 Turso Next.js (Turbopack) 0.500s (+10.9% 🔺) 0.954s (-4.4%) 0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺) 1.014s (~) 0.514s 10 3.85x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.091s (-16.7% 🟢) 1.950s (+25.5% 🔺) 0.000s (NaN%) 2.018s (+11.0% 🔺) 0.927s 10 8.38x
🐘 Postgres Express 2.300s (+74.6% 🔺) 2.746s (+54.1% 🔺) 0.000s (NaN%) 3.015s (+49.7% 🔺) 0.715s 10 17.68x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 2.443s (+15.3% 🔺) 2.600s (-11.1% 🟢) 0.000s (NaN%) 3.014s (~) 0.570s 10 18.78x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 3.073s (+8.4% 🔺) 3.319s (+4.0%) 0.823s (+138.8% 🔺) 4.663s (+17.1% 🔺) 1.589s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 3.084s (+12.2% 🔺) 3.225s (+1.1%) 0.900s (+67.9% 🔺) 4.688s (+12.1% 🔺) 1.604s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 3.116s (+5.1% 🔺) 3.281s (+0.5%) 0.750s (+48.8% 🔺) 4.540s (+5.0% 🔺) 1.424s 10 1.01x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World 🥇 Fastest Framework Wins
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 8/8
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 7/8
▲ Vercel Express 3/8
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework 🥇 Fastest World Wins
Express 💻 Local 8/8
Next.js (Turbopack) 💻 Local 3/8
Nitro 💻 Local 8/8
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Starter: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

📋 View full workflow run

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