langfuse-3: package upgrade - fix build failure

[ashishch432]

• Bump langfuse to 3.174.1, reset epoch to 0
• Upgrade Node.js 20 → 24 (build env, runtime, worker), this is the actual version used in upstream
• Replace fragile minimumReleaseAge.patch with guarded sed - warns if upstream changes the value, no longer requires a separate patch file. This was causing failures.
• Consolidate all pnpm overrides into a single pnpm pkg set call - the worker subpackage's duplicate overrides were a no-op (no pnpm install re-run) and some set older versions than the main build
• Remove dead/incorrect overrides from original and added patches as needed (eg. oci-* update for uuid latest version to be pickedup)
• Checked local melange build passes (except the few uses: checks which are not available in this repo)

Fixes: #78689

Pre-review Checklist

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For version bump PRs

• The epoch field is reset to 0